Gözlem Sonrası Akran Geri Bildiriminin Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin El Hijyeni Bilgisi, İnançları ve Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2, 351 - 359, 22.08.2025

Özlem Fidan , Arife Şanlıalp Zeyrek , Sümeyye Arslan

https://doi.org/10.53490/egehemsire.1355558

Öz

Gözlem Sonrası Akran Geri Bildiriminin Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin El Hijyeni Bilgisi, İnançları ve Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkisi
ÖZ
Amaç: Bu çalışmada hemşirelik öğrencilerinde “El Hijyeni İçin Beş An” yöntemini kullanarak yapılan akran geribildiriminin el hijyeni bilgisini, inançlarını, uygulamalarını ve uyumunu nasıl etkilediğini incelemek amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: 1 Ocak-1 Haziran 2022 tarihleri arasında 109 hemşirelik dördüncü sınıf öğrencisi, ön test-son test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel bu çalışmaya "El Hijyeni İçin Beş An" tekniği kullanılarak katılmıştır.
Bulgular: Müdahale ve kontrol grubundaki öğrencilerin takip testi bilgi puanları, el hijyeni inanç ve uygulama puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark vardı (p<0.05). Müdahale grubunda el hijyeni uyum puanı (74,96±1,92) kontrol grubundan (39,81±4,51) daha yüksekti.
Sonuç: El Hijyeni İçin Beş An’a göre gözlemci eğitimi, eğitim, klinik uygulamada gözlem ve akran geri bildirimi yöntemleri öğrencilerin uyumunu olumlu yönde etkilemektedir.
Anahtar Kelime Uyum; el hijyeni; el yıkama; hemşirelik öğrencileri.
Destekleyen kurumlar: Yazarlar bu çalışmanın herhangi bir finansal destek almadığını beyan etmişlerdir.
REFERENCES
1. Allegranzi, B., Gayet-Ageron, A., Damani, N., Bengaly, L., McLaws, M.L., Moro M.L., Memish, Z., …Pittet, D. (2013). Global implementation of WHO’s multimodal strategy for improvement of hand hygiene: A quasi-experimental study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 13(10), 843– 851. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(13)70163-4.
2. Ceylan, B., Gunes, U., Baran, L., Oztürk, H. and Sahbudak, G. (2020). Examining the hand hygiene beliefs and practices of nursing students and the effectiveness of their handwashing behaviour. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(21-22), 4057-4065. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15430.
3. Chiu, Y.P. and Liao, M.N. (2011). Hospital perspective on nursing staff role and function in infection control. Hu li za zhi The Journal of Nursing, 58(4), 16-20.
4. Fouad, M. and Eltaher, S. (2020). Hand hygiene initiative: comparative study of pre-and postintervention outcomes. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 26(2), 198-205.
5. Guest, J.F., Keating, T., Gould, D. and Wigglesworth, N. (2019). Modeling the costs and consequences of reducing healthcare-associated infections by improving hand hygiene in an average hospital in England. British Medical Journal Open 9, e029971. https://doi.org/ 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029971.
6. Huang, Y., Xie, W., Zeng, J., Law, F. and Ba-Thein, W. (2013). Limited knowledge and practice of Chinese medical students regarding healthcare associated infections. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 7 (02), 44–151. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.3099.
7. Ibrahim, A.A. and Elshafie, S.S. (2016). Knowledge, awareness, and attitude regarding infection prevention and control among medical students: a call for educational intervention. Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 7: 505. https://doi.org/10.2147%2FAMEP.S109830.
8. Jeong, S.Y. and Kim, K.M. (2016). Influencing factors on hand hygiene behavior of nursing students based on theory of planned behavior: A descriptive survey study. Nurse Education Today, 36: 159-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2015.09.014.
9. Karadağ, M., Yıldırım, N. and İşeri, Ö. (2016). Validity and reliability study of Hand Hygiene Belief Scale and Hand Hygiene Practices Inventory. Çukurova Medical Journal, 41(2), 271-284.
10. Korhonen, A., Vuori, A. and Lukkari, A. (2019). Increasing nursing students’ knowledge of evidence-based hand-hygiene: A quasi-experimental study. Nurse Education in Practice, 35, 104-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2018.12.009.
11. Løyland, B., Peveri, A.M. and Hessevaagbakke, E. (2020). Students' observations of hand hygiene in nursing homes using the five moments of hand hygiene. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(5-6), 821-830. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15136.
12. Martos-Cabrera, M.B., Mota-Romero, E., Martos-García, R., Gomez-Urquiza, J. L., Suleiman-Martos, N., Albendin-Garcia, L. and Canadas-De la Fuante, G. A. (2019). Hand hygiene teaching strategies among nursing staff: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(17), 3039. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173039.
13. McCarney, R., Warner, J., Iliffe, S., Haselen, R., Griffin, M. and Fisher, P. (2007). The Hawthorne Effect: a randomised, controlled trial. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 7(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-7-30.
14. Molnár, Z. S., Varga, L., Gyenes, G., Lesonsky, E., Gradvohl, A.j., Lukacs, R.A., …Feith, H. J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Hungarian peer education handwashing programme in primary and secondary schools. Developments in Health Science, 3(3), 58-64. https://doi.org/10.1556/2066.2020.00011.
15. Oyapero, A. and Oyapero, O. (2018). An assessment of hand hygiene perception and practices among undergraduate nursing students in Lagos State: A pilot study. Journal Education Health Promotion, Nov 27 (7),150. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_56_17.
16. Purssell, E. and Gould, D. (2022). Teaching health care students hand hygiene theory and skills: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 32(9), 2065-2073. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2021.1937580.
17. Sandbekken, I.H., Hermansen, Å., Utne, I., Grov E. K. and Loyland, B. (2022). Students’ observations of hand hygiene adherence in 20 nursing home wards, during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Infection Diseases, 22(1), 156. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07143-6.
18. Sönmez, A., Öztürk, Ş.B. and Abacıgil, F. (2021). Sağlık hizmeti ilişkili enfeksiyon epidemiyolojisi ve sürveyansı. (Health Care Related Infection Epidemiology and Surveillance). Journal of Nursing Science, 4(1), 41-45.
19. Sundal, J. S., Aune, A. G., Storvig, E., Aasland, J.K., Fjeldsæter, K. L. and Torjuul, K. (2017). The hand hygiene compliance of student nurses during clinical placements. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 26(23-24), 4646-4653. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13811.
20. Tavolacci, M. P., Ladner, J., Bailly, L., Merle, W., Pitrou, I. and Czernichow, P. (2008). Prevention of nosocomial infection and standard precautions: knowledge and source of information among healthcare students. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 29(7), 642-647. https://doi.org/10.1086/588683.
21. Van de Mortel TF, Apostolopoulou E.A. and Petrikkos, G. (2010) A comparison of the hand hygiene knowledge, beliefs, and practices of Greek nursing and medical students. American Journal of Infection Control 38(1): 75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2009.05.006.
22. World Health Organization (2009) Hand Hygiene Technical Reference Manual: To be used by health-care workers, trainers and observers of hand hygiene practices. Geneva: 1–31.
23. World Health Organization (2020) Hand hygiene for all initiative: Improving access and behaviour in health care facilities. Available at: https:/www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240011618 (accessed 17 April 2023).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uyum , el hijyeni , el yıkama , hemşirelik öğrencileri

The Effect of Post-Observation Peer Feedback on Nursing Students' Hand Hygiene Knowledge, Beliefs, and Skills

Öz

The Effect of Post-Observation Peer Feedback on Nursing Students' Hand Hygiene Knowledge, Beliefs, and Skills
ABSTRACT
Objective: This study aimed to examine how peer feedback using the “Five Moments for Hand Hygiene” method affects hand hygiene knowledge, beliefs, practice, and compliance in nursing students.
Methods: Between January 1st and June 1st, 2022, 109 fourth-year nursing students joined this quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group using the "Five Moments for Hand Hygiene" technique.
Results: There was statistically significant difference between following-test knowledge scores, hand hygiene belief and practice scores of the students in the intervention and control groups (p<0.05). The hand hygiene compliance score in the intervention group (74.96±1.92) was higher than control group (39.81±4.51).
Conclusion: The observer training according to Five Moments for Hand Hygiene, training, observation in the clinical practice, and peer-feedback positively affect the students’ compliance.
Keywords Compliance; hand hygiene; handwashing; nursing students.
Funding: The authors declared that this study has received no financial support.
REFERENCES
1. Allegranzi, B., Gayet-Ageron, A., Damani, N., Bengaly, L., McLaws, M.L., Moro M.L., Memish, Z., …Pittet, D. (2013). Global implementation of WHO’s multimodal strategy for improvement of hand hygiene: A quasi-experimental study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 13(10), 843– 851. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(13)70163-4.
2. Ceylan, B., Gunes, U., Baran, L., Oztürk, H. and Sahbudak, G. (2020). Examining the hand hygiene beliefs and practices of nursing students and the effectiveness of their handwashing behaviour. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(21-22), 4057-4065. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15430.
3. Chiu, Y.P. and Liao, M.N. (2011). Hospital perspective on nursing staff role and function in infection control. Hu li za zhi The Journal of Nursing, 58(4), 16-20.
4. Fouad, M. and Eltaher, S. (2020). Hand hygiene initiative: comparative study of pre-and postintervention outcomes. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 26(2), 198-205.
5. Guest, J.F., Keating, T., Gould, D. and Wigglesworth, N. (2019). Modeling the costs and consequences of reducing healthcare-associated infections by improving hand hygiene in an average hospital in England. British Medical Journal Open 9, e029971. https://doi.org/ 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029971.
6. Huang, Y., Xie, W., Zeng, J., Law, F. and Ba-Thein, W. (2013). Limited knowledge and practice of Chinese medical students regarding healthcare associated infections. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 7 (02), 44–151. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.3099.
7. Ibrahim, A.A. and Elshafie, S.S. (2016). Knowledge, awareness, and attitude regarding infection prevention and control among medical students: a call for educational intervention. Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 7: 505. https://doi.org/10.2147%2FAMEP.S109830.
8. Jeong, S.Y. and Kim, K.M. (2016). Influencing factors on hand hygiene behavior of nursing students based on theory of planned behavior: A descriptive survey study. Nurse Education Today, 36: 159-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2015.09.014.
9. Karadağ, M., Yıldırım, N. and İşeri, Ö. (2016). Validity and reliability study of Hand Hygiene Belief Scale and Hand Hygiene Practices Inventory. Çukurova Medical Journal, 41(2), 271-284.
10. Korhonen, A., Vuori, A. and Lukkari, A. (2019). Increasing nursing students’ knowledge of evidence-based hand-hygiene: A quasi-experimental study. Nurse Education in Practice, 35, 104-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2018.12.009.
11. Løyland, B., Peveri, A.M. and Hessevaagbakke, E. (2020). Students' observations of hand hygiene in nursing homes using the five moments of hand hygiene. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(5-6), 821-830. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15136.
12. Martos-Cabrera, M.B., Mota-Romero, E., Martos-García, R., Gomez-Urquiza, J. L., Suleiman-Martos, N., Albendin-Garcia, L. and Canadas-De la Fuante, G. A. (2019). Hand hygiene teaching strategies among nursing staff: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(17), 3039. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173039.
13. McCarney, R., Warner, J., Iliffe, S., Haselen, R., Griffin, M. and Fisher, P. (2007). The Hawthorne Effect: a randomised, controlled trial. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 7(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-7-30.
14. Molnár, Z. S., Varga, L., Gyenes, G., Lesonsky, E., Gradvohl, A.j., Lukacs, R.A., …Feith, H. J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Hungarian peer education handwashing programme in primary and secondary schools. Developments in Health Science, 3(3), 58-64. https://doi.org/10.1556/2066.2020.00011.
15. Oyapero, A. and Oyapero, O. (2018). An assessment of hand hygiene perception and practices among undergraduate nursing students in Lagos State: A pilot study. Journal Education Health Promotion, Nov 27 (7),150. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_56_17.
16. Purssell, E. and Gould, D. (2022). Teaching health care students hand hygiene theory and skills: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 32(9), 2065-2073. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2021.1937580.
17. Sandbekken, I.H., Hermansen, Å., Utne, I., Grov E. K. and Loyland, B. (2022). Students’ observations of hand hygiene adherence in 20 nursing home wards, during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Infection Diseases, 22(1), 156. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07143-6.
18. Sönmez, A., Öztürk, Ş.B. and Abacıgil, F. (2021). Sağlık hizmeti ilişkili enfeksiyon epidemiyolojisi ve sürveyansı. (Health Care Related Infection Epidemiology and Surveillance). Journal of Nursing Science, 4(1), 41-45.
19. Sundal, J. S., Aune, A. G., Storvig, E., Aasland, J.K., Fjeldsæter, K. L. and Torjuul, K. (2017). The hand hygiene compliance of student nurses during clinical placements. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 26(23-24), 4646-4653. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13811.
20. Tavolacci, M. P., Ladner, J., Bailly, L., Merle, W., Pitrou, I. and Czernichow, P. (2008). Prevention of nosocomial infection and standard precautions: knowledge and source of information among healthcare students. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 29(7), 642-647. https://doi.org/10.1086/588683.
21. Van de Mortel TF, Apostolopoulou E.A. and Petrikkos, G. (2010) A comparison of the hand hygiene knowledge, beliefs, and practices of Greek nursing and medical students. American Journal of Infection Control 38(1): 75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2009.05.006.
22. World Health Organization (2009) Hand Hygiene Technical Reference Manual: To be used by health-care workers, trainers and observers of hand hygiene practices. Geneva: 1–31.
23. World Health Organization (2020) Hand hygiene for all initiative: Improving access and behaviour in health care facilities. Available at: https:/www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240011618 (accessed 17 April 2023).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Compliance , hand hygiene , handwashing , nursing students

Etik Beyan

Ethical approval was obtained from Ethics Committee (Date/No: 2022-E60116787-020-175632), and written permission was obtained from the nursing school management. In addition, the nursing students were informed about the aim of the study, and their written and verbal informed consent was obtained. The study was conducted according to Helsinki Declaration.

Destekleyen Kurum

Funding: The authors declared that this study has received no financial support.

Teşekkür

We thank the students who participated in the study.

Kaynakça

• Allegranzi, B., Gayet-Ageron, A., Damani, N., Bengaly, L., McLaws, M.L., Moro, M.L., Memish, Z., …Pittet, D. (2013). Global implementation of WHO’s multimodal strategy for improvement of hand hygiene: A quasi-experimental study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 13(10), 843–851. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(13)70163-4
• Ceylan, B., Gunes, U., Baran, L., Oztürk, H., & Sahbudak, G. (2020). Examining the hand hygiene beliefs and practices of nursing students and the effectiveness of their handwashing behaviour. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(21-22), 4057-4065. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15430
• Chiu, Y.P., & Liao, M.N. (2011). Hospital perspective on nursing staff role and function in infection control. Hu Li Za Zhi The Journal of Nursing, 58(4), 16-20.
• Fouad, M., & Eltaher, S. (2020). Hand hygiene initiative: comparative study of pre-and postintervention outcomes. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 26(2), 198-205. https://doi.org/10.26719/2020.26.2.198
• Guest, J.F., Keating, T., Gould, D., & Wigglesworth, N. (2019). Modeling the costs and consequences of reducing healthcare-associated infections by improving hand hygiene in an average hospital in England. British Medical Journal Open, 9, e029971. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029971
• Huang, Y., Xie, W., Zeng, J., Law, F., & Ba-Thein, W. (2013). Limited knowledge and practice of Chinese medical students regarding healthcare associated infections. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 7(2), 144–151. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.3099
• Ibrahim, A.A., & Elshafie, S.S. (2016). Knowledge, awareness, and attitude regarding infection prevention and control among medical students: A call for educational intervention. Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 7, 505. https://doi.org/10.2147/AMEP.S109830
• Jeong, S.Y., & Kim, K.M. (2016). Influencing factors on hand hygiene behavior of nursing students based on theory of planned behavior: A descriptive survey study. Nurse Education Today, 36, 159-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2015.09.014
• Karadağ, M., Yıldırım, N., & İşeri, Ö. (2016). Validity and reliability study of Hand Hygiene Belief Scale and Hand Hygiene Practices Inventory. Çukurova Medical Journal, 41(2), 271-284.
• Korhonen, A., Vuori, A., & Lukkari, A. (2019). Increasing nursing students’ knowledge of evidence-based hand-hygiene: A quasi-experimental study. Nurse Education in Practice, 35, 104-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2018.12.009
• Løyland, B., Peveri, A.M., & Hessevaagbakke, E. (2020). Students' observations of hand hygiene in nursing homes using the five moments of hand hygiene. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(5-6), 821-830. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15136
• Martos-Cabrera, M.B., Mota-Romero, E., Martos-García, R., Gomez-Urquiza, J.L., Suleiman-Martos, N., Albendin-Garcia, L., & Cañadas-De la Fuente, G.A. (2019). Hand hygiene teaching strategies among nursing staff: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(17), 3039. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173039
• McCarney, R., Warner, J., Iliffe, S., Haselen, R., Griffin, M., & Fisher, P. (2007). The Hawthorne Effect: A randomised, controlled trial. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 7(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-7-30
• Molnár, Z.S., Varga, L., Gyenes, G., Lesonsky, E., Gradvohl, A.J., Lukacs, R.A., …Feith, H.J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Hungarian peer education handwashing programme in primary and secondary schools. Developments in Health Science, 3(3), 58-64. https://doi.org/10.1556/2066.2020.00011
• Oyapero, A., & Oyapero, O. (2018). An assessment of hand hygiene perception and practices among undergraduate nursing students in Lagos State: A pilot study. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 7(150). https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_56_17
• Purssell, E., & Gould, D. (2022). Teaching health care students hand hygiene theory and skills: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 32(9), 2065-2073. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2021.1937580
• Sandbekken, I.H., Hermansen, Å., Utne, I., Grov, E.K., & Løyland, B. (2022). Students’ observations of hand hygiene adherence in 20 nursing home wards, during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Infectious Diseases, 22(1), 156. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07143-6
• Sönmez, A., Öztürk, Ş.B., & Abacıgil, F. (2021). Sağlık hizmeti ilişkili enfeksiyon epidemiyolojisi ve sürveyansı. (Health Care Related Infection Epidemiology and Surveillance). Journal of Nursing Science, 4(1), 41-45.
• Sundal, J.S., Aune, A.G., Storvig, E., Aasland, J.K., Fjeldsæter, K.L., & Torjuul, K. (2017). The hand hygiene compliance of student nurses during clinical placements. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 26(23-24), 4646-4653. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13811
• Tavolacci, M.P., Ladner, J., Bailly, L., Merle, W., Pitrou, I., & Czernichow, P. (2008). Prevention of nosocomial infection and standard precautions: Knowledge and source of information among healthcare students. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 29(7), 642-647. https://doi.org/10.1086/588683
• Van de Mortel, T.F., Apostolopoulou, E.A., & Petrikkos, G. (2010). A comparison of the hand hygiene knowledge, beliefs, and practices of Greek nursing and medical students. American Journal of Infection Control, 38(1), 75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2009.05.006
• World Health Organization. (2009). Hand Hygiene Technical Reference Manual: To be used by health-care workers, trainers and observers of hand hygiene practices. Geneva: WHO.
• World Health Organization. (2020). Hand hygiene for all initiative: Improving access and behaviour in health care facilities. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240011618 (accessed 17 April 2023).