SOME ASPECTS OF OROMO HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE ETHIOPIAN POLITICAL ORIENTATIONS (16th-21st CENTURIES)

Yıl 2023, , 95 - 118, 01.09.2023

Ketebo Abdiyo Ensene

https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.1333128

Öz

This article investigates the Oromo historiography vis-a-vis the Ethiopian political orientations, 16th-21st centuries. Oral and written sources and the researchers’ empirical knowledge have been analyzed qualitatively to produce this work. Ethiopian history has centered on the north, Semitic and elitist revolving around politics. For so long, Oromo historiography has been a neglected object though the Oromo are the largest ethnic group in the Horn of Africa. This study is thus undertaken to portray how far and in what way the Oromo have been studied historically. The study shows that social, economic, and cultural studies of the Ethiopian people have been neglected even after professional history was launched in Ethiopia in 1963. The Oromo historiography has not only been neglected but also distorted, prejudiced, and exposed to controversy. Recent studies however have been trying to redress these imbalances. This is however far from enough and popular history should be given more attention.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Oromo, Historiography, Ethiopian, Political, Orientations

Oromo Tarih Yazımının Bazı Yönleri ve Etiyopya Siyasi Yönelimleri (16-21. Yüzyıllar)

Öz

Bu makale, 16. ve 21. yüzyıllardaki Etiyopya siyasi yönelimleri açısından Oromo tarihçiliğini incelemektedir. Sözlü ve yazılı kaynaklar ve araştırmacıların ampirik bilgileri, bu çalışmayı üretmek için niteliksel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Etiyopya tarihi, kuzeyde, Sami ve elitist siyaset etrafında dönen merkezdedir. Oromolar Afrika Boynuzu'ndaki en büyük etnik grup olmasına rağmen, Oromo tarihyazımı çok uzun süredir ihmal edilmiş bir nesne olmuştur. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, Oromo'nun tarihsel olarak ne kadar uzağa ve ne şekilde incelendiğini tasvir etmek için yapılmıştır. Çalışma, Etiyopya halkının sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel çalışmalarının, 1963'te Etiyopya'da mesleki tarih başlatıldıktan sonra bile ihmal edildiğini gösteriyor. Oromo tarihçiliği sadece ihmal edilmekle kalmadı, aynı zamanda çarpıtıldı, önyargılı ve tartışmalara maruz kaldı. Ancak son araştırmalar bu dengesizlikleri gidermeye çalışıyor. Ancak bu yeterli olmaktan uzaktır ve popüler tarihe daha fazla önem verilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Oromo, Tarih Yazımı, Etiyopya, Siyasi, Yönelimler

Kaynakça

• Manuscript of Aleqa Asma Giyorgis Gabra Masih at IES, AAU.
• Braukamper 1980 Ulrich Braukamper, ’Oromo Country of Origin: A Reconsideration of Hypotheses. A Reconsideration of Hypotheses.” Sixth International Conference of Ethiopian Studies. Tel Aviv.
• Braukamper 1984 Ulrich Braukamper, “The Islamization of the Arssi Oromo,” in the Proceedings of the Eighth Conference of Etjiopian Studies. Vol, I, Addis Ababa.
• Braukamper 2002 Ulrich Braukamper, Islamic and Culture of Southern Ethiopia, Ethnologue. Bd. No.9.
• Adem 1991 Abdo Adem, Quba of Abba Arabu in Jimma, BA thesis, Addis Ababa University, History, 1991.
• Zewde 1992 Bizuwork Zewde, The Problem of Tenancy and Tenancy Bills: With Particular Reference to Arssi, MA thesis, AAU, History.
• Beke 1843 C.T. Beke, “On the Countries South of Abyssinia”, Journal of Royal Geographical Society Vol. 13, pp.254-269.
• Gemeda 1993 Guluma Gemeda, “The Islamization of the Gibe Region, Southwestern Ethiopia from c.1830s the early twentieth century”, Journal of Ethiopian Studies. Vol. 26 no. 2, pp.63-79.
• Hassen 2000 Mohammed Hassen, “Islam as a Resistance Ideology among the Oromo of Ethiopia: The Wallo Case (1700-1900)”, The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 26:3, pp.86-109.
• Smith 1896 Arthur Donaldson Smith, “Expeditions through Somaliland to Lake Rudolf”, Geographical Journal. Vol. 8, f. 3, pp.221-233.
• Almeida 1954 Manoel de Almeida, “The [Oromo] from the History of High Ethiopia or Abassia” Book IV. In Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593-1646. Trans and Ed. C.F. Beckingham and G.W. B. Huntingford. London, The Hakluyt Society.
• Bahrey 1954 Aleqa Bahrey, “Zenahu le [Oromo]”, (‘History of the [Oromo]’). In Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593-1646. Trans and Ed. C.F. Beckingham and G.W. B. Huntingford. London, The Hakluyt Society.
• Bahru 2008 Zewde Bahru, “A Century of Ethiopian Historiography”, in Society, State and History: Selected Essays. Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa University Press. pp. 15 -37.
• Bahru 2008 Zewde Bahru, “Heruy’s Ya-Heywat Tarik and Mahtama-Sellasse’s Che Balaw: Two Perceptions of a Biographical Dictionary”, in Society, State and History: Selected Essays. Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa University Press.
• Baxter 1983 P. T.W. Baxter, “The Problem of the Oromo or the Problem for the Oromo.’’ Nationalism and Self Determination in the Horn of Africa, ed. I. M. Lewis. London, Ithaca Press.
• Baxter 1996 P. T. W. Baxter, Jan Hultin and Alessando Triulzi. Eds. Being and Becoming Oromo: Historical and Anthropological Enquiries. Uppsala, Nordiska Afrikaistitutet.
• Bahru 2002 Bahru Zewde. Pioneers of Change in Ethiopia: The Reformist Intellectuals of the Early Twentieth Century. Oxford, Athens, Addis Ababa, James Currey, Ohio University, Addis Ababa University.
• Bairu 1983 Bairu Tafla. Asma Giyorgis and His Work, History of the Oromo and the Kingdoms of Kafa and Bartels, Lambert. Oromo Religion: Myths and Rites.
• Bairu 1987 Bairu Tafla (ed.) Asma Giyorgis and His Work, History of the Oromo and the Kingdoms of Kafa and Shawa, Stuttgart.
• Beckingham and Huntingford 1922
• C. F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, The Gada System of the [Oromo] Cecchi, Antonio. Da Zailla Alle Frontiere del Caffa: Viaggi Di Antonio Cecchi. 3 Vols. Rome, Ermanno Loescher. 1886-1887.
• Cerulli 1922 Enrico Cerulli, The Folk Literature of the [Oromo] of Southern Ethiopia. Harvard.
• Cerulli 1933 Enrico Cerulli, Etiopia Occidentale (Dallo Scioa Alla Froniera Del Sudan, Note Del Viaggio, 1927-1928, Vol. I and II. Rome.
• Darley 1935 Henry Darley, Slaves and Ivory in Abyssinia, London.
• Defaye 1962 Sahlu Defaye, YA Arussi [Arssi] Hizb Lematina Idget (‘Development of the Arssi Peole’). Addis Ababa.
• Ensene 2018 Ketebo Abdiyo Ensene, The Political Economy of Land and Agrarian Development in Ethiopia: The Arssi Region since 1941. Routledge.
• Gabra Selassie 1929 Gabra Selassie Wolde Aregay, Tarika Za Dagmawi Menilek Negusa Negast Za Ethiopia. Addis Ababa.
• Gadaa Malbaa 1988 Ormia, An Introduction. Khartoum, Sudan.
• Haberland 1963 Eike Haberland, [Oromo] Sud Aithiopiens of Southern Ethiopia (‘the Oromo of Southern Ethiopia’), Stuttgart.
• Hodson 1927 Arnold Weinholt, Seven Years in Southern Ethiopia. London.
• Huntingford 1965 G.W.B. Huntingford, Trans and ed. The Glorious Victories of Made Seyon King of Ethiopia. London, Oxford University Press.
• Huntingford 1975 G.W.B. Huntingford , The [Oromo] of Ethiopia: The Kingdom of [Yam] and Kafa. London.
• Ketebo 2018 Ketebo Abdiyo Ensene, The Political Economy of Land and Agrarian Development in Ethiopia: The Arssi Region since 1941, Routledge.
• Knutsson 1967 Karl Eric Knutsson, Authority and Change: A Study of the Kallu Institution among the Macha [Oromo] of Ethiopia. Gottenborg.
• Legesse 1973 Asmarom Legesse. Gada: Three Approaches to the Study of African Society. London.
• Legesse 2006 Asmarom Legesse, Oromo Democracy: An Indigenous African Political System.
• Legesse 2018 Asmarom Legesse, Gadaa, Second Edition,
• Lewis1965 Herbert S. Lewis, Jimma Abba Jifar: An Oromo Monarchy, Ethiopia 1830-1932, Asmara, Lawrenceville, The Red Sea Press.
• Massaja (Cardinal) I miei trentacinque anni di missione in Etiopia (‘My Thirty Five Years in Ethiopia’), Rome.
• Mohammed 1994 Mohammed Hassen, The Oromo of Ethiopia, A History 1570-1860. Cambridge.
• Mohammed 2015 Mohammed Hassen The Oromo and the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia 1300-1700. James Currey.
• Oromia Bureau of Culture and Tourism (OCTB) 2009&2015 sponsored production of two books on the Gadaa system of the Tulama Oromo and on the Maccaa Oromo.
• Rey 1935 C. F. Rey, The Real Abyssinia, London.
• Salvaic 1901 Salvaic Martial de. An Ancient People, Great African Nation: The Oromo. Trans. Ayalew Kanno, Paris.
• Selassie 1972 Sergew Hable Selassie, Ancient and Medieval Ethiopian History to 1270, Haile Sellassie I University, Addis University, Addis Ababa.
• Sergew 1972 Sergew Hable Selassie, Ancient and Medieval Ethiopian History to 1270. Haile Sellassie I University, Addis University, Addis Ababa.
• Tamrat 1972 Taddesse Tamrat. Church and State in Ethiopia 1270- 1527. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
• Tessema 2010 Tessema Ta’a, Issues in the History of Africa, Addis Ababa, The Office of the Director of Research Program Office of the Vice President for Research and dean of the School of Graduate Studies.
• Trimingham 1965 J. Spencer Trimingham, Islam in Ethiopia, London.
• Ullendorf 1960 Edward Ullendorf, The Ethiopians: An Introduction to the Country and the People. London, Oxford University Press.