Türkiye’de Öğretmen Liderliğinin Önündeki Engeller: Bir Meta-Sentez Çalışması

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, Türkiye’de öğretmen liderliğinin önündeki engelleri araştıran çalışmaların meta-sentez yöntemiyle incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmaya dâhil edilen çalışmalara “Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu (YÖK) Ulusal Tez Tarama Merkezi” ile “ULAKBİM Sosyal Bilimler Veri Tabanı” kullanılarak ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma amacına ve önceden belirlenen kriterlere uygun 20 çalışma belirlenmiştir. Araştırma Walsh ve Downe (2005) tarafından geliştirilen meta-sentez aşamalarına uyularak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ulaşılan verilerin derinlemesine analizi ve yeniden yorumlanması sonucu Türkiye’de öğretmen liderliğinin önündeki engeller ana teması altında 7 alt temaya ulaşılmıştır. Bu alt temalar yönetici tutum ve davranışları, örgütsel nedenler, öğretmenlerden kaynaklı durumlar, bürokratik etkenler, eğitim sisteminden kaynaklanan sorunlar, öğretmen yetiştirmeden kaynaklanan sorunlar ve okulla ilgili sorunlardan oluşmaktadır. Öğretmen liderliğinin önündeki olumsuz yönetici tutum ve davranışlarından kaynaklanan engeller; öğretmeni desteklememe, yetkiyi paylaşmama, hiyerarşi anlayışı, kararlara katmama, örnek liderlik davranışı göstermeme, riskten kaçma, yeniliğe açık olmama, öğretmen gelişimine engel olma, çalışmaları görmezden gelme, başarıyı takdir etmeme, öğretmeni sınırlama ve öğretmene özerklik tanımamadır. Örgütsel nedenlerden kaynaklı engeller; olumsuz okul kültürü ve iklimi, demokratik olmayan ortam, yetersiz ücret, iş yükü, güvensiz ortam, teşvik edici unsurların olmaması, zaman yetersizliği, katılım imkânı sunulmaması ve akademik başarı odaklı kültürdür. Öğretmenlerden kaynaklı engellerle ilgili olarak ise liderlik becerisi eksikliği, sorumluluk almama, kişisel sorunlar, yetersiz meslektaş desteği, olumsuz liderlik algısı, gelişime kapalı olma, öğretmenler arası iletişim ve işbirliği eksikliği öne çıkmaktadır.

Keywords

• liderlik
• Öğretmen liderliği
• Lider öğretmen
• Öğretmen liderliği engelleri

Barriers to Teacher Leadership in Turkey: A Meta-Synthesis Study

Abstract

In this study, it is aimed to examine the studies investigating the barriers to teacher leadership in Turkey through meta-synthesis method. The studies included in the research were accessed by using the "Council of Higher Education (YÖK) National Thesis Scanning Center" and "ULAKBİM Social Sciences Database". Twenty studies were identified in accordance with the research purpose and predetermined criteria. The research was conducted by following the meta-synthesis stages developed by Walsh and Downe (2005). As a result of in-depth analysis and reinterpretation of the data, 7 sub-themes were reached under the main theme of barriers to teacher leadership in Turkey. These sub-themes consisted of administrator attitudes and behaviors, organizational reasons, situations arising from teachers, bureaucratic factors, problems arising from the education system, problems arising from teacher training and school-related problems. Barriers to teacher leadership stemming from negative administrator attitudes and behaviors include not supporting teachers, not sharing authority, hierarchy, not participating in decisions, not showing exemplary leadership behavior, risk aversion, not being open to innovation, hindering teacher development, ignoring work, not appreciating success, limiting teachers and not giving teachers autonomy. Barriers stemming from organizational reasons are negative school culture and climate, undemocratic environment, inadequate wages, workload, insecure environment, lack of incentives, lack of time, lack of opportunities for participation, and academic achievement-oriented culture. Regarding the barriers arising from teachers, lack of leadership skills, lack of responsibility, personal problems, insufficient collegial support, negative leadership perception, being closed to development, and lack of communication and cooperation among teachers stand out.

Keywords

• Leadership
• teacher leadership
• teacher leader
• barriers to teacher leadership

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