Bodrum Yarımadası Kent Taşkınlarının Nedenleri ve Çözüm Önerileri Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Öz

Taşkınlar bir alanın gelişimini etkileyen en tehlikeli doğal feleketler arasındadır. Dünya genelinde taşkın olayları en fazla ölüme ve maddi hasara neden olmaktadır. Artan kentleşme ve nüfus doğal çevre üzerinde önemli etkiler yaratmaktadır. Kentsel alanlarda kontrolsüz bina inşaatı, yeşil alanların azalması, arazi kullanım değişiklikleri ve kentsel planlama eksikliği gibi insan kaynaklı faaliyetler taşkınları etkilemektedir. Kentsel taşkın yönetiminde, taşkının büyüklüğünü ve risk alanlarını belirlemek yaşanabilecek zararları azaltmak için son derece önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin önemli turizm merkezlerinden biri olan Bodrum yarımadasında yer alan beş dereye ait su toplama havzasının mansabında giderek artan kentleşme, mevcut taşkın ve drenaj tesislerine kensel gelişim amaçlı yapılan müdahaleler ve iklim değişikliğinden kaynaklanan ani taşkın olayları incelenmiştir. Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemiyle yarımadanın kentsel büyümesinin 1985-2020 yılları arasında %11,36 oranında arttığı belirlenmiştir. Yarımada da Aliyan deresi yıllar içerisinde taşkın oluşturma riskinin en fazla büyüme gösterdiği havza olarak dikkat çekmiştir. Aliyan deresinin ardından riskli havzalar olarak Çukur, Gökçeler ve Gaz havzaları gelmektedir Çalışma sonucunda, kentleşmedeki artışın taşkın debilerinin büyümesine ve taşkın riski altındaki alanların artmasına neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yarımada da inşa edilen taşkın tesislerine yapılan müdahaleler, arazi kullanımındaki değişiklikler, kentsel büyüme ve çarpık kentleşmenin yarattığı taşkın sorunları belirlenerek oluşabilecek taşkın zararlarını en aza indirmek yada ortadan kaldırabilmek için beş dere havzasının memba ve mansabında alınması gereken önlemler ortaya konulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• kent taşkınları
• kentleşme
• arazi kullanım değişiklikleri
• taşkın tesisleri
• Bodrum yarımadası

A Study on Solution Suggestions and Causes of Bodrum Peninsula Urban Floods

Abstract

Floods are among the most dangerous natural disasters affecting the development of an area. Flood events cause the most deaths and material damage in worldwide. Increasing urbanization and population create significant effects on the natural environment. Human-induced activities such as uncontrolled building construction in urban areas, reduction of green areas, land use changes and lack of urban planning affect floods. In urban flood management, determining the magnitude and risk areas of the flood is extremely important in order to reduce the damages which may occur. In this study, increasing urbanization at downstream of the catchment of the five streams located in Bodrum peninsula, one of Turkey's most important tourism centers, interventions aimed at development of the urban to the current flood and drainage facilities, and sudden floods arising from climate change, are investigated. It was determined that the urban growth of the peninsula increased by 11.36% between 1985-2020 with the Geographical Information System. In the peninsula, Aliyan Stream has attracted attention as the basin where the risk of flooding has grown the most over the years. After Aliyan stream, Çukur, Gökçeler and Gaz catchments are ranked as risky catchments. In the results of studying, it has been determined that the increase in urbanization causes an increase in flood flow rates and an increase in the areas under flood risk. The measures to be taken upstream and downstream of the five stream catchments have been suggested to minimize or eliminate flood damages to be occured by determining the flood problems that interventions to the flood facilities built on the peninsula, changes in land use, urban growth and unplanned urbanization caused.

Keywords

• Urban floods
• urbanization
• land use changes
• flood facilities
• Bodrum peninsula

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