Investigation of Explosion Effects and Explosion Safety on Structural Systems

Abstract

Explosions induced by terrorist activities have been made cause great damage to buildings and cause many casualties. Explosion events can be carried out easily and quickly in terms of application. In attacks by bomb-laden vehicles, while the bomb-laden vehicles provide ease of access to the targeted structure, they have been the opportunity to bring various amounts of explosives according to the vehicle capacities. In the studies about explosion safety in the literature, some analysis methods are encountered on the basis of element or structural. Some of these are determining the performance of a single structural element under the effects of blast loads, performing collapse analyses in a structural system, and effect dynamic explosion loads on the structure. Within the scope of this study, explosion analyses at different distances were made using the SAP 2000 software based on finite element method. The dynamic behaviour of the column located closest to the explosive was modelled in the RC-Blast software, which analyses the column based on a single degree of freedom system, and column capacities were determined and evaluated. Seismic base isolation application for explosion safety of buildings has been proposed and the effect/capacity ratios occurring in the column at the critical point for isolated and fixed-based building situations are compared. It was concluded that structures with seismic isolators absorb explosive effects better. Sheltered around a wall of the building have been recommended to reduce the effects of explosions. Although the behaviour of the structures under the effect of the explosion is not fully known, differentiation of solution methods may bring some approaches. It was concluded that the combination of element-based and system-based methods in explosion analysis would produce more efficient results.

Keywords

• Explosion
• Seismic Isolation
• Impact / Capacity
• Shielding wall

Yapı Sistemlerinde Patlama Etkilerinin ve Patlama Güvenliğinin Araştırılması

Öz

Terör faaliyetleri sonucu meydana gelen patlamalar, binalara büyük zararlar vermekte ve birçok can kaybına neden olmaktadır. Patlama olayları uygulama açısından kolay ve hızlı bir şekilde gerçekleştirilebilmektedir. Bomba yüklü araçlarla yapılacak saldırılarda, bu araçlar, hedeflenen yapıya erişim kolaylığı sağlarken, araç kapasitelerine göre çeşitli miktarlarda patlayıcı getirme olanağına sahiptir. Literatürde yapıların patlama güvenliğine yönelik çalışmalarda eleman bazında ya da yapısal olarak birtakım analiz yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Patlama yükü etkisi altında tek bir yapı elemanının performansının belirlenmesi, yapısal bir sistemde çökme analizlerinin yapılması, yapıya dinamik patlama yüklerinin etki ettirilmesi bunlardan bazılarıdır. Bu çalışma kapsamında öncelikle sonlu eleman yöntemine dayalı analiz yapan SAP2000 yazılımı kullanılarak farklı mesafelerden uygulanan patlama yükleri için yapının analizleri gerçekleştirilmiş ve patlayıcıya en yakın konumda bulunan kolonun dinamik davranışı incelenmiştir. Ayrıca eleman bazlı ve tek serbestlik dereceli sisteme dayalı analiz yapan RC-Blast yazılımında mevcut kolonun modellenmesi yapılarak kolon kapasiteleri belirlenmiştir. Yapıların patlama güvenliğine yönelik sismik taban yalıtımı uygulaması önerilmiş ve yalıtımlı ve yalıtımsız yapı durumları için kritik noktadaki kolonda meydana gelen etki/kapasite oranları karşılaştırılmıştır. Sismik izolatörlü yapıların patlama etkilerini daha iyi sönümlediği sonucuna varılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda RC-Blast ve SAP2000 yazılımlarında yapılan çözümlemelerde yapı davranışları ancak başlangıç seviyesinde benzerlik göstermektedir. Patlama etkilerini azaltmak amacıyla yapı çevresine korunaklı duvar inşa edilmesi önerilmiştir. Yapıların patlama etkileri altında davranışı kesin olarak bilinmemekle birlikte çözüm yöntemlerinin farklılaştırılması belirli yaklaşımları beraberinde getirebilmektedir. Patlama analizlerinde eleman bazlı ve sistem bazlı yöntemlerin bir arada kullanımının daha verimli sonuçlar vereceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Patlama
• Sismik Yalıtım
• Etki/Kapasite
• Koruma duvarı

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