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Bitki örtüsü-rüzgâr erozyonu ilişkileri: Bir durum çalışması

Year 2021, Issue: 27, 925 - 934, 30.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.955460

Abstract

Diğer canlılar için her bakımdan vazgeçilmez olan bitkiler, üzerinde büyüyüp beslendiği cansız toprak için de vazgeçilmez bir canlı türüdür. Bitki örtüsünden yoksun bir toprak hem kendisi hem de içinde barındırdığı pek çok hayvan türleri açısından savunmasız durumdadır. Bitki örtüsü ile rüzgâr erozyon süreçleri arasındaki ilişkinin araştırıldığı bu çalışmada Iğdır-Aralık’ta yer alan, Türkiye’nin ikinci büyük rüzgâr erozyon sahasının koruma çalışmaları yapılmış ve korumasız bölümlerinden farklı şekillerde 57 toprak örneği alınmıştır. Alınan örnekler üzerinde yürütülen fiziksel ve kimyasal analizlerde tekstür, kireç, pH, agregat stabilitesi, organik madde ve elektriksel iletkenlik değerleri; kuru elemelerde 2 mm, 1 mm, 0.84 mm, 0.42 mm, 0.106 mm, 0.020 mm ve <0.020 mm değerleri belirlenmiştir. Duncan çoklu karşılaştırma testi sonuçlarına göre elde edilen verilerin büyük bir çoğunluğu istatistiksel olarak önemsiz bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar çalışma alanında bitki örtü yüzdesinin ve koruma önlemlerinin yetersiz olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

References

  • Karlen, D.L., Andrews, S.S. Wienhold, B.J., & Doran, J. W. (2003). Soil quality: Humankind’s foundation for survival. J. Soil Water Conservation, 58, 171-179.
  • Altın, M., Gökkuş, A., & Koç, A., (2011). Meadow and Rangeland Management (In Turkish). 2nd Volume (Basic principles). TUGEM Publications, pp. 84-88, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Ahmad, K., Ashraf, M., Khan, Z. I., & Valeem R. E. (2008). Evaluation of Macro-Mineral Concentrations of Forages in Relation to Ruminants Requirements: A Case Study in Soone Valley, Punjab. Pakistan. Pak. Journal of Bot., 40(1), 295-299.
  • Ghazanfar, S., Latif, A., Mirza, I. H., & Nadeem, M. A. (2011). Macro-Minerals Concentrations of Major Fodder Tree Leaves and Shrubs of District Chakwal, Pakistan. Pak. Journal Nutr., 10(5), 480-484.
  • Louhaichi, M., Salkini, A.K., & Petersen, S. L. (2009). Effect of small ruminant grazing on the plant community characteristics of semiarid Mediterranean ecosystems. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 11, 681-689.
  • Zobeck, T.M., Popham, T.W., Skidmore, E. L., Lamb, J.A., Merril, S.D., Lindstrom, M.J., Mokma, D.L., & Yoder, R. E. (2003). Aggregate-mean diameter and wind-erodible soil predictions using dry aggregate-size distributions. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 67, 425–436.
  • Goossens, D., & Riksen, M. J. P. M. (2007). The role of wind and splash erosion in inland drift-sand areas in the Netherlands. Geomorphology, 88(1- 2), 179-192.
  • Acar, R., & Dursun, S. (2010). Vegetative methods to prevent wind erosion in Central Anatolia Region. Int. J. of Sustainable Water & Environmental Systems, 1(1), 25-28.
  • Karaoğlu, M. (2018a). Wind erosion studies in Iğdır-Aralik. Journal of Agriculture, 1(2), 25-38, Iğdır, Turkey.
  • Özdoğan, N. (1976). Wind erosion and major measures to be taken in wind erosion areas (In Turkish). General Directorate of Soilwater, General publication No: 306. Ankara, Turkey.
  • Li, J., Okin, G. S., & Epstein, H. E. (2009). Effects of enhanced wind erosion on surface soil texture and characteristics of windblown sediments. Journal of Geophysic. Res., 114, 1-8.
  • Fryrear, D. W., Krammes, C. A., Williamson, D. L., & Zobeck, T. M., (1994). Computing the wind erosion fraction of soils. Soil Water Conservation. 49, 183-188.,
  • Zobeck, T. M., Popham, T. W., Skidmore, E. L., Lamb, J. A. Merril, S. D., Lindstrom, M. J., Mokma, D. L., & Yoder, R. E. (2003) Aggregate-mean diameter and wind-erodible soil predictions using dry aggregate-size distributions. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 67, 425-436.
  • Karaoğlu, M., Şimşek, U., Tohumcu, F., & Erdel, E. (2017). Determining surface soil properties of wind erosion area of Igdir-Aralik and estimating the soil loss. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 26(5), 3170-3175.
  • Chepil, W. S. (1962). A compact rotary sieve and the importance of dry sieving in physical soil analysis. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 26, 4-6.
  • Colazo, J. C., & Buschiazzo D. E. (2010). Soil dry aggregate stability and wind erodible fraction in a semiarid environment of Argentina. Geoderma 159: 228-236.,
  • Garrett, H. E., & Buck, L. E. (1997). Agroforestry practice and policy in the United States of America. For Ecology Management, 91, 5-15.
  • Gee, G. W., & Bauder, J. W. (1986). Particle-size analysis. p. 383-411. In A. Klute (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Part 1. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
  • Mclean, E. O. (1982). Soil pH and lime requirement. In Page, A. L., R. H. Miller and D. R. Keeney (eds.) Methods of soil analysis. Part 2 - Chemical and microbiological proper-ties. (2nd Ed.). Agronomy, 9, 199-223.
  • Nelson, R. E. (1982). Carbonate and gypsum. P. 181-197. In A.L. Page et al. (ed). Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
  • Nelson, D. W., & Sommer, L. E. (1982). Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. p. 539-579. In A.L. Page (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis. 2nd Ed. ASA Monogr. 9(2). Amer. Soc. Agron. Madison, WI.
  • Demiralay, İ. (1993). Soil physical analysis (In Turkish). Erzurum Atatürk University Publications No: 143, Erzurum, Turkey.
  • Chepil, W. S. (1953). Factors that influence clod structure and erodibility of soil by wind: I. Soil texture. Soil Sci. 75, 473-483.
  • Hagen, L. J., van Pelt, S., & Sharratt, B. (2010). Estimating the saltation and suspension components from field wind erosion. Aeolian Research, 1, 147-153.
  • Chepil, W. S. (1942). Measurement of wind erosiveness by dry sieving procedure. Sci. Agric. 23, 154-160.
  • Lyles, L., & Woodruff, N. P. (1960). Surface soil cloddiness in relation to soil density at time of tillage. Soil Sci., 91, 178-182.
  • Chepil, W. S. (1955). Factors that influence clod structure and erodibility of soil by wind: V. Organic matter at various stages of decomposition. Soil Sci., 80, 413-421.
  • Chepil, W. S. (1954). Factors that influence clod structure and erodibility of soil by wind: III. Calcium carbonate and decomposed organic matter. Soil Sci., 77, 473-480.
  • Açıkgöz, N. (1993). Research and experiment methods in agriculture (In Turkish). E.U.A.F. Pub., No: 478, 3rd Edit., İzmir, Turkey.
  • Blanco, H., & Lal, R. (2008). Principles of Soil Conservation and Management. Springer Science + Business Media B.V. ISBN: 978-1-4020-8708-0.
  • Ülgen, N., & Yurtsever, N. (1974). Turkey Fertilizer and Manure Guide (In Turkish). Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute Technical Publications Series No: 28, Kemal Printery, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Aydın, A., & Sezen, Y. (1995). Soil chemistry laboratory book (In Turkish). E.A.U. Agricultural Faculty Course Publications No: 174, 146 pages, Offset plant, Erzurum, Turkey.
  • Güçdemir, İ. H. (2008). Sampling for Soil, Water and Plant Analysis, Fertilizers, Fertilization Based on Soil Analysis. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, General Pub. No: 68, Farmer Pub. No: 3, Ankara.
  • Taysun, A., Saatçı, F., & Uysal, H. (1984). A preliminary study on the effect of PVA (Polyvinylalcohol) application on soils on aggregation. E. U. A. F. Journal, 21(3), 27-33.
  • Wischmeier, W. D., & Mannering, J. V. (1969). Relation of soil properties and erodibility. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., 33, 131-137.
  • Morgan, R. P. C. (2005). Soil Erosion & Conservation. 3rd Ed. Blackwell publishing, 108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK.
  • Evans, R. (1980). Mechanics of water erosion and their spatial and temporal controls: an empirical viewpoint. In Kirkby, M.J. and Morgan, R.P.C. (eds), Soil erosion. Wiley, Chichester, 109-128.
  • Tate, R. L. (2000). Soil Microbiology. 2nd Edition. 536 Pages. John Wiley & Sons, ISBN: 978-0-471-31791, New York.
  • Taysun, A. (1986). Research on the effects of stones, plant residues and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on soil properties and erosion with the help of artificial sprinklers in rendzina agricultural soils in Gediz basin (Thesis of Assoc. Prof. Dr. In Turkish). E.U. Agr. Fac. Pub. No: 474.
  • Sönmez, S. (2013). Basic compounds of plant nutrition: Water, soil, nutrients (In Turkish). Hasad Pub., 176. s, ISBNp: 9789758377886.
  • Aydemir, O. (1992). Plant nutrition and soil fertility (In Turkish). Erzurum Atatürk University Publications. No: 734, Erzurum, Turkey.
  • Çelik, A., & Akça, E. (2021). Description of the quarter-century effect of conversion from rainfed Farming to irrigated farming on a micromorphological scale. European Journal of Science and Technology, 21, 207-215.
  • Karaoğlu, M. (2018b). The importance of vegetation in wind erosion. Journal of Agriculture, ISSN: 2636-8757, 1(2), 49-60, Igdir, Turkey.
  • Li, J., Okin, G.S. Alvarez, L., & Epstein, H. (2007). Quantitative effects of vegetation cover on wind erosion and soil nutrient loss in a desert grass- land of southern New Mexico. Biogeochemistry, 85, 317-322.
  • Van Pelt, R. S., & Zobeck, T. M. (2004). Effects of polyacrylamide, cover crops, and crop residue management on wind erosion, ISCO, 13th International Soil Conservation Organisation Conference, Brisbane

Vegetation cover-wind erosion correlation: A case study

Year 2021, Issue: 27, 925 - 934, 30.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.955460

Abstract

Plants, indispensable in all respects for other living things, are also indispensable for the inanimate soil on which they grow and feed. A land devoid of vegetation is vulnerable both in terms of itself and the many animal species living there. In this study the relationship between vegetation cover and wind erosion processes was investigated. A total of 57 soil samples were taken in different ways from areas protected and unprotected from wind erosion in Igdir-Aralik, which is the second largest wind erosion area in Turkey. For physical and chemical analyses of the samples, texture, carbonate, pH, aggregate stability, organic matter and electrical conductivity values were determined after dry sieving with 2 mm, 1 mm, 0.84 mm, 0.42 mm, 0.106 mm, 0.020 mm and <0.020 mm sieve values. According to Duncan multiple comparison test results, most of the data were found to be statistically insignificant. These results revealed that the percentage of vegetation cover and conservation practices in study area are insufficient.

References

  • Karlen, D.L., Andrews, S.S. Wienhold, B.J., & Doran, J. W. (2003). Soil quality: Humankind’s foundation for survival. J. Soil Water Conservation, 58, 171-179.
  • Altın, M., Gökkuş, A., & Koç, A., (2011). Meadow and Rangeland Management (In Turkish). 2nd Volume (Basic principles). TUGEM Publications, pp. 84-88, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Ahmad, K., Ashraf, M., Khan, Z. I., & Valeem R. E. (2008). Evaluation of Macro-Mineral Concentrations of Forages in Relation to Ruminants Requirements: A Case Study in Soone Valley, Punjab. Pakistan. Pak. Journal of Bot., 40(1), 295-299.
  • Ghazanfar, S., Latif, A., Mirza, I. H., & Nadeem, M. A. (2011). Macro-Minerals Concentrations of Major Fodder Tree Leaves and Shrubs of District Chakwal, Pakistan. Pak. Journal Nutr., 10(5), 480-484.
  • Louhaichi, M., Salkini, A.K., & Petersen, S. L. (2009). Effect of small ruminant grazing on the plant community characteristics of semiarid Mediterranean ecosystems. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 11, 681-689.
  • Zobeck, T.M., Popham, T.W., Skidmore, E. L., Lamb, J.A., Merril, S.D., Lindstrom, M.J., Mokma, D.L., & Yoder, R. E. (2003). Aggregate-mean diameter and wind-erodible soil predictions using dry aggregate-size distributions. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 67, 425–436.
  • Goossens, D., & Riksen, M. J. P. M. (2007). The role of wind and splash erosion in inland drift-sand areas in the Netherlands. Geomorphology, 88(1- 2), 179-192.
  • Acar, R., & Dursun, S. (2010). Vegetative methods to prevent wind erosion in Central Anatolia Region. Int. J. of Sustainable Water & Environmental Systems, 1(1), 25-28.
  • Karaoğlu, M. (2018a). Wind erosion studies in Iğdır-Aralik. Journal of Agriculture, 1(2), 25-38, Iğdır, Turkey.
  • Özdoğan, N. (1976). Wind erosion and major measures to be taken in wind erosion areas (In Turkish). General Directorate of Soilwater, General publication No: 306. Ankara, Turkey.
  • Li, J., Okin, G. S., & Epstein, H. E. (2009). Effects of enhanced wind erosion on surface soil texture and characteristics of windblown sediments. Journal of Geophysic. Res., 114, 1-8.
  • Fryrear, D. W., Krammes, C. A., Williamson, D. L., & Zobeck, T. M., (1994). Computing the wind erosion fraction of soils. Soil Water Conservation. 49, 183-188.,
  • Zobeck, T. M., Popham, T. W., Skidmore, E. L., Lamb, J. A. Merril, S. D., Lindstrom, M. J., Mokma, D. L., & Yoder, R. E. (2003) Aggregate-mean diameter and wind-erodible soil predictions using dry aggregate-size distributions. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 67, 425-436.
  • Karaoğlu, M., Şimşek, U., Tohumcu, F., & Erdel, E. (2017). Determining surface soil properties of wind erosion area of Igdir-Aralik and estimating the soil loss. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 26(5), 3170-3175.
  • Chepil, W. S. (1962). A compact rotary sieve and the importance of dry sieving in physical soil analysis. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 26, 4-6.
  • Colazo, J. C., & Buschiazzo D. E. (2010). Soil dry aggregate stability and wind erodible fraction in a semiarid environment of Argentina. Geoderma 159: 228-236.,
  • Garrett, H. E., & Buck, L. E. (1997). Agroforestry practice and policy in the United States of America. For Ecology Management, 91, 5-15.
  • Gee, G. W., & Bauder, J. W. (1986). Particle-size analysis. p. 383-411. In A. Klute (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Part 1. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
  • Mclean, E. O. (1982). Soil pH and lime requirement. In Page, A. L., R. H. Miller and D. R. Keeney (eds.) Methods of soil analysis. Part 2 - Chemical and microbiological proper-ties. (2nd Ed.). Agronomy, 9, 199-223.
  • Nelson, R. E. (1982). Carbonate and gypsum. P. 181-197. In A.L. Page et al. (ed). Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
  • Nelson, D. W., & Sommer, L. E. (1982). Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. p. 539-579. In A.L. Page (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis. 2nd Ed. ASA Monogr. 9(2). Amer. Soc. Agron. Madison, WI.
  • Demiralay, İ. (1993). Soil physical analysis (In Turkish). Erzurum Atatürk University Publications No: 143, Erzurum, Turkey.
  • Chepil, W. S. (1953). Factors that influence clod structure and erodibility of soil by wind: I. Soil texture. Soil Sci. 75, 473-483.
  • Hagen, L. J., van Pelt, S., & Sharratt, B. (2010). Estimating the saltation and suspension components from field wind erosion. Aeolian Research, 1, 147-153.
  • Chepil, W. S. (1942). Measurement of wind erosiveness by dry sieving procedure. Sci. Agric. 23, 154-160.
  • Lyles, L., & Woodruff, N. P. (1960). Surface soil cloddiness in relation to soil density at time of tillage. Soil Sci., 91, 178-182.
  • Chepil, W. S. (1955). Factors that influence clod structure and erodibility of soil by wind: V. Organic matter at various stages of decomposition. Soil Sci., 80, 413-421.
  • Chepil, W. S. (1954). Factors that influence clod structure and erodibility of soil by wind: III. Calcium carbonate and decomposed organic matter. Soil Sci., 77, 473-480.
  • Açıkgöz, N. (1993). Research and experiment methods in agriculture (In Turkish). E.U.A.F. Pub., No: 478, 3rd Edit., İzmir, Turkey.
  • Blanco, H., & Lal, R. (2008). Principles of Soil Conservation and Management. Springer Science + Business Media B.V. ISBN: 978-1-4020-8708-0.
  • Ülgen, N., & Yurtsever, N. (1974). Turkey Fertilizer and Manure Guide (In Turkish). Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute Technical Publications Series No: 28, Kemal Printery, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Aydın, A., & Sezen, Y. (1995). Soil chemistry laboratory book (In Turkish). E.A.U. Agricultural Faculty Course Publications No: 174, 146 pages, Offset plant, Erzurum, Turkey.
  • Güçdemir, İ. H. (2008). Sampling for Soil, Water and Plant Analysis, Fertilizers, Fertilization Based on Soil Analysis. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, General Pub. No: 68, Farmer Pub. No: 3, Ankara.
  • Taysun, A., Saatçı, F., & Uysal, H. (1984). A preliminary study on the effect of PVA (Polyvinylalcohol) application on soils on aggregation. E. U. A. F. Journal, 21(3), 27-33.
  • Wischmeier, W. D., & Mannering, J. V. (1969). Relation of soil properties and erodibility. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., 33, 131-137.
  • Morgan, R. P. C. (2005). Soil Erosion & Conservation. 3rd Ed. Blackwell publishing, 108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK.
  • Evans, R. (1980). Mechanics of water erosion and their spatial and temporal controls: an empirical viewpoint. In Kirkby, M.J. and Morgan, R.P.C. (eds), Soil erosion. Wiley, Chichester, 109-128.
  • Tate, R. L. (2000). Soil Microbiology. 2nd Edition. 536 Pages. John Wiley & Sons, ISBN: 978-0-471-31791, New York.
  • Taysun, A. (1986). Research on the effects of stones, plant residues and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on soil properties and erosion with the help of artificial sprinklers in rendzina agricultural soils in Gediz basin (Thesis of Assoc. Prof. Dr. In Turkish). E.U. Agr. Fac. Pub. No: 474.
  • Sönmez, S. (2013). Basic compounds of plant nutrition: Water, soil, nutrients (In Turkish). Hasad Pub., 176. s, ISBNp: 9789758377886.
  • Aydemir, O. (1992). Plant nutrition and soil fertility (In Turkish). Erzurum Atatürk University Publications. No: 734, Erzurum, Turkey.
  • Çelik, A., & Akça, E. (2021). Description of the quarter-century effect of conversion from rainfed Farming to irrigated farming on a micromorphological scale. European Journal of Science and Technology, 21, 207-215.
  • Karaoğlu, M. (2018b). The importance of vegetation in wind erosion. Journal of Agriculture, ISSN: 2636-8757, 1(2), 49-60, Igdir, Turkey.
  • Li, J., Okin, G.S. Alvarez, L., & Epstein, H. (2007). Quantitative effects of vegetation cover on wind erosion and soil nutrient loss in a desert grass- land of southern New Mexico. Biogeochemistry, 85, 317-322.
  • Van Pelt, R. S., & Zobeck, T. M. (2004). Effects of polyacrylamide, cover crops, and crop residue management on wind erosion, ISCO, 13th International Soil Conservation Organisation Conference, Brisbane
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mücahit Karaoğlu 0000-0002-7388-9192

Erhan Erdel 0000-0002-8011-9452

Early Pub Date July 29, 2021
Publication Date November 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 27

Cite

APA Karaoğlu, M., & Erdel, E. (2021). Vegetation cover-wind erosion correlation: A case study. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(27), 925-934. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.955460