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Gıdalarda Katkı Maddesi ve Çözücü Olarak Kullanılan Propilen Glikol Üzerine Değerlendirmeler

Year 2022, Issue: 35, 157 - 160, 07.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1067052

Abstract

Çeşitli mevzuatlarda gıdalarda kullanılmasına izin verilse de aslında propilen glikol, gıdalarda direkt kullanılmasına izin verilen bir katkı maddesi olmayıp, gıdalara eklenebilen; renklendiriciler, emülgatörler, antioksidanlar, aroma vericiler ve enzim preparatları gibi katkı maddelerinde taşıyıcı olarak kullanılmasına müsaade edilen bir gıda katkı maddesidir. Ancak az miktarda kullanılan bir gıda katkı maddesi olmasının ötesinde, birçok alanda kullanımının artması nedeniyle, günlük alım ve maruziyet miktarının da artması tüketiciler üzerinde endişelere neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle Türk Gıda Kodeksi’nde gıda takviyesi olarak kullanılan çeşitli ekstraklarda propilen glikolün çözücü olarak kullanılması durumunda, etikette belirtilmesi zorunlu kılınmıştır. Taşınım yoluyla gıda ürününde izin verilen maksimum limit ise, genel olarak içeceklerde 1 g/L, diğer gıdalarda ise 3 g/kg şeklindedir. Bu yüzden farklı kaynaklardan muhtemel maruziyet durumu da göz önünde bulundurularak, yüksek miktarda propilen glikol içerme ihtimali olan gıdaların tüketimine dikkat edilmesi gerekmektedir. Yapılan klinik çalışmalar yüksek konsantrasyonlarda propilen glikol ile hazırlanan ilaçlarının hastalarda metabolik bozukluklara yol açabileceğine işaret etmiştir. Hatta bu çalışmaların bazılarında propilen glikolün yüksek dozlarının toksisiteye neden olabileceğini göstermiştir. Yüksek konsantrasyonlarda gözlenen bu metabolik bozukluklar, ilaçlarda olduğu gibi propilen glikolün yüksek konsantrasyonlarda kullanıldığı gıda takviyesi ürünlerinde de uzun vadede tüketiciler de benzer etkiler oluşturabileceği endişesine neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle bu ürünlerin tüketilmesiyle birlikte propilen glikol kaynaklı metabolik problemlerin oluşabileceği göz önünde tutulmalıdır. Özellikle çocuklar ve hamilelerde propilen glikol bazlı gıda takviyesi ürünlerinin tüketicide oluşturabileceği olumsuz etkilere dayalı yeni çalışmaların yapılması gerekmektedir.

References

  • Aggett, P., Aguilar, F., Crebelli, R., Dusemund, B., Filipic, M., Frutos, M.J., Galtier, P. et al. 2018. Re-evaluation of propane-1,2-diol (E 1520) as a food additive. EFSA Journal, 16 (4), Article No: e05235.
  • Andjelkovic, M., Goscinny, S. 2021. Determination of propylene glycol levels in foodstuffs and exposure assessment for the Belgian population. Projects 1 December 2019- 1 January 2021, https://www.sciensano.be/en/projects/determination-propylene-glycol-levels-foodstuffs-and-exposure-assessment-belgian-population.
  • Anon., 2017. Propylene glycol used as an excipient. Report published in support of the ‘Questions and answers on propylene glycol used as an excipient in medicinal products for human use’. Committee for Human Medicinal Products (CHMP) (EMA/CHMP/704195/2013). https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/propylene-glycol-used-excipient-report-published-support-questions-answers-propylene-glycol-used_en.pdf.
  • Anon. 2019. Annex to the European Commission guideline on ‘Excipients in the labelling and package leaflet of medicinal products for human use’ (SANTE-2017-11668) Excipients and information for the package leaflet. EMA/CHMP/302620/2017 Rev. 1*. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/annex-european-commission-guideline-excipients-labelling-package-leaflet-medicinal-products-human#current-effective-version-section.
  • LaKind, J.S., McKenna, E.A., Hubner, R.P., Tardiff, R.G. (1999). A Review of the Comparative Mammalian Toxicity of Ethylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol, Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 29 (4), 331-365.
  • Lim, T.Y., Poole, R.L., Pageler, N.M. 2014. Propylene glycol toxicity in children. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 19(4), 277-282. Martin, G., Finberg, L. 1970. Propylene glycol: a potentially toxic vehicle in liquid dosage form. The Journal of pediatrics, 77(5), 877-878.
  • McMartin, K. 2014. Propylene Glycol, Editor(s): Philip Wexler, Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition), Academic Press, 2014, Pages 1113-1116, ISBN 9780123864550, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-386454-3.01029-0.
  • Yaucher, N.E., Fish, J.T., Smith, H.W., Wells, J.A. 2003. Propylene glycol-associated renal toxicity from lorazepam infusion. Pharmacotherapy, 23 (9), 1094-1099.

Evaluations on Propylene Glycol as Additive and Solvent in Foods

Year 2022, Issue: 35, 157 - 160, 07.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1067052

Abstract

Propylene glycol is not an additive allowed to be used directly in foods although it is allowed to be used in foods in various legislations. It is allowed to be used as a carrier in additives such as colorants, emulsifiers, antioxidants, flavorings and enzyme preparations that can be added to foods. However, beyond being a food additive used in small amounts, the increase in daily intake and exposure due to its increased use in many areas causes concerns on consumers. For this reason, the use of propylene glycol as a solvent in various extracts used as food supplements in the Turkish Food Codex has to be stated on the label. The maximum permitted limit for food products by transport is generally 1 g/L for beverages and 3 g/kg for other foods. Therefore, considering the possible exposure from different sources, it is necessary to pay attention to the consumption of foods that are likely to contain high amounts of propylene glycol. Clinical studies have indicated that drugs prepared with high concentrations of propylene glycol may cause metabolic disorders in patients. In fact, some of these studies have shown that high doses of propylene glycol can cause toxicity. These metabolic disorders observed at high concentrations cause concerns that similar effects may occur in long-term consumers in food supplement products where propylene glycol is used in high concentrations, as in drugs. For this reason, it should be kept in mind that propylene glycol-induced metabolic problems may occur with the consumption of these products. It is necessary to conduct new studies based on the negative effects of propylene glycol-based food supplement products on the consumer, especially in children and pregnant women

References

  • Aggett, P., Aguilar, F., Crebelli, R., Dusemund, B., Filipic, M., Frutos, M.J., Galtier, P. et al. 2018. Re-evaluation of propane-1,2-diol (E 1520) as a food additive. EFSA Journal, 16 (4), Article No: e05235.
  • Andjelkovic, M., Goscinny, S. 2021. Determination of propylene glycol levels in foodstuffs and exposure assessment for the Belgian population. Projects 1 December 2019- 1 January 2021, https://www.sciensano.be/en/projects/determination-propylene-glycol-levels-foodstuffs-and-exposure-assessment-belgian-population.
  • Anon., 2017. Propylene glycol used as an excipient. Report published in support of the ‘Questions and answers on propylene glycol used as an excipient in medicinal products for human use’. Committee for Human Medicinal Products (CHMP) (EMA/CHMP/704195/2013). https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/propylene-glycol-used-excipient-report-published-support-questions-answers-propylene-glycol-used_en.pdf.
  • Anon. 2019. Annex to the European Commission guideline on ‘Excipients in the labelling and package leaflet of medicinal products for human use’ (SANTE-2017-11668) Excipients and information for the package leaflet. EMA/CHMP/302620/2017 Rev. 1*. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/annex-european-commission-guideline-excipients-labelling-package-leaflet-medicinal-products-human#current-effective-version-section.
  • LaKind, J.S., McKenna, E.A., Hubner, R.P., Tardiff, R.G. (1999). A Review of the Comparative Mammalian Toxicity of Ethylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol, Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 29 (4), 331-365.
  • Lim, T.Y., Poole, R.L., Pageler, N.M. 2014. Propylene glycol toxicity in children. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 19(4), 277-282. Martin, G., Finberg, L. 1970. Propylene glycol: a potentially toxic vehicle in liquid dosage form. The Journal of pediatrics, 77(5), 877-878.
  • McMartin, K. 2014. Propylene Glycol, Editor(s): Philip Wexler, Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition), Academic Press, 2014, Pages 1113-1116, ISBN 9780123864550, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-386454-3.01029-0.
  • Yaucher, N.E., Fish, J.T., Smith, H.W., Wells, J.A. 2003. Propylene glycol-associated renal toxicity from lorazepam infusion. Pharmacotherapy, 23 (9), 1094-1099.
There are 8 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ayşe Karadağ 0000-0001-8615-7321

Osman Sağdıç 0000-0002-2063-1462

Salih Karasu 0000-0002-2324-1865

Publication Date May 7, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 35

Cite

APA Karadağ, A., Sağdıç, O., & Karasu, S. (2022). Gıdalarda Katkı Maddesi ve Çözücü Olarak Kullanılan Propilen Glikol Üzerine Değerlendirmeler. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(35), 157-160. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1067052