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The Impacts of Batter and Baking Temperatures and Baking Time on Sponge Cake Characteristics

Year 2021, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 89 - 95, 31.12.2021

Abstract

The cake, which can be produced with several methods, has a very important place in bakery products and modern life. Sponge cake is a special type of cake used in the production of wet creamy cakes as “pastry under the cake”. Cake quality depends on so many factors. Batter temperature, baking temperature and baking time are probably the most critical factor governing the quality of final product. Incorrect baking can negative effect of all other important cake making factors, such as qualified ingredients, correct formulas and processing steps/techniques. In this study; the impacts of different batter temperatures (191 ºC, 261 ºC, and 331 ºC), baking temperatures (165, 180, 195, 200, 215, and 230 ºC) and baking times (20, 25, 27, 30, 35, and 40 min) on the important quality characteristics of sponge cake were investigated. It was possible to obtain sponge cakes with larger volume and higher acceptability when batter temperature was at 33 ºC rather than around 20-25 ºC and when they were baked at 200 ºC for 27 min. If lower baking temperatures (<200 ºC) and/or shorter baking times (particularly 20 min) were applied during sponge cake production, cakes with small volume, close or irregular pore structures were observed. Too hot oven temperatures (>200 ºC) and/or too long baking times (35 and 40 min) were caused to dark crust color, cracks on the top surface, weak crumb and insufficient volume on the sponge cake. By selecting correct batter temperature and baking norms, it could be possible to produce high quality and moist cakes with larger volume. Besides, economic losses could be prevented.

Supporting Institution

Scientific Research Projects Unit of Çukurova University

Project Number

FBE.2002.YL.147

Thanks

This work was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Unit of Çukurova University [grant number FBE.2002.YL.147].

References

  • [1] Dizlek, H., Altan, A., Determination of sponge cake volume with a mathematical method, Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops and Foods, 7(4), 551-557, 2015.
  • [2] Pyler, E.J., Baking science and technology, Sosland Publishing Company, Merriam, KS, USA, 1345 p, 1988.
  • [3] Dizlek, H., Kremalı kek (yaş pasta) bileşenleri ve üretimi, Dünya Gıda Dergisi, 18(2013-06), 77-84, 2013.
  • [4] Dizlek, H., Altan, A., The effects of egg and baking powder on the sponge cake characteristics, 15th International Cereal and Bread Congress, April 18-21, İstanbul, 169, 2016.
  • [5] AACCI, International Approved Methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemists (11th Edition), Method 08-01.01, Method 10-90.01, Method 10-91.01, Method 38-12.02, Method 44-19.01, Method 54-10.01, Method 54-21.02, Method 56-60.01, Method 56-81.04, The Association: St. Paul, MN, USA, 2010.
  • [6] Sultan, W.J., Practical baking, The Avi Publishing Company, Inc. Westport, CT, USA, 755 p, 1976.
  • [7] Dizlek, H., Effects of amount of batter in baking cup on muffin quality, International Journal of Food Engineering, 11(5), 629-640, 2015.
  • [8] Bath, D.E., Shelke, K., Hoseney, R.C., Fat replacers in high-ratio layer cakes, Cereal Foods World, 37, 495-500, 1992.
  • [9] SAS Institute, SAS user’s guide to statistical analyses. SAS Institute, Inc. Raleigh, NC, USA, 1982.
  • [10] Dizlek, H., Özer, M.S., Gül, H., Keklerin yapısal özelliklerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılan ölçütler, Türkiye 10. Gıda Kongresi, 21-23 Mayıs, Erzurum, 371-374, 2008.
  • [11] Chesterton, A.K.S., Wilson, D.I., Sadd, P.A., Moggridge, G.D., A novel laboratory scale method for studying heat treatment of cake flour, Journal of Food Engineering, 144, 36-44, 2015.
  • [12] Cloke, J.D., Davis, E.A., Gordon, J., Volume measurements calculated by several methods using cross-sectional tracings of cake, Cereal Chemistry, 61, 375-377, 1984.
  • [13] Şümnü, G., Use of various starches in microwave baked cakes, The Journal of Food, 26(1), 9-11, 2001.
  • [14] İpek, T., Dizlek, H., Farklı form ve oranlarda yerfıstığı ürünleri kullanılmasının top kek kalitesine etkisi, Gıda Dergisi, 43(4), 591-604, 2018.
  • [15] Jia, C., Huang, W., Ji, L., Zhang, L., Li, N., Li, Y., Improvement of hydrocolloid characteristics added to angel food cake by modifying the thermal and physical properties of frozen batter, Food Hydrocolloids, 41, 227-232, 2014.
  • [16] Gómez, M., Ronda, F., Caballero, P.A., Blanco, C.A., Rosell, C.M., Functionality of different hydrocolloids on the quality and shelf-life of yellow layer cakes, Food Hydrocolloids, 21, 167-173, 2007.
  • [17] Dizlek, H., Altan, A., Pişirme öncesinde hamurun kısa süre bekletilmesinin pandispanya nitelikleri üzerine etkisi, Gıda Dergisi, 38(1), 31-38, 2013.
  • [18] Dizlek, H., Özer, M.S., Improvement bread characteristics of high-level sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps) damaged wheat by modification in kneading and fermentation conditions, Journal of Cereal Science, 102, 103336, 2021.

Hamur ve Pişirme Sıcaklığı ile Pişirme Süresinin Pandispanya Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2021, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 89 - 95, 31.12.2021

Abstract

Çeşitli yöntemlerle üretilebilen kek, unlu mamuller içerisinde ve modern yaşamda oldukça önemli bir yere sahiptir. Pandispanya, kremalı kek (yaş pasta) üretiminde “pasta altı kek” olarak kullanılan özel bir kek çeşididir. Kek kalitesi pek çok faktöre bağlıdır. Hamur sıcaklığı, pişirme sıcaklığı ve pişirme süresi, muhtemelen nihai ürünün kalitesini belirleyen en kritik etmenlerdir. Hatalı pişirme; kaliteli bileşenler, doğru formüller ve işleme adımları/teknikleri gibi diğer tüm önemli kek yapım faktörlerini olumsuz etkileyebilir. Bu çalışmada; farklı hamur sıcaklığının (191 ºC, 261 ºC ve 331 ºC), pişirme sıcaklığının (165, 180, 195, 200, 215 ve 230 ºC) ve pişirme süresinin (20, 25, 27, 30, 35 ve 40 d) pandispanyanın önemli kalite özellikleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Hamur sıcaklığının 33 ºC olması 20-25 ºC sıcaklıklarda hazırlanan hamurlara göre ve pandispanyaların 200 ºC’de 27 d pişirilmesi daha büyük hacimli ve yüksek albenili pandispanya üretimini mümkün kılmıştır. Pandispanya üretimi sırasında daha düşük pişirme sıcaklığı (<200 ºC) ve/veya daha kısa pişirme süresi (özellikle 20 d) uygulandığında küçük hacimli, kapalı veya düzensiz gözenek yapılı kekler elde edilmiştir. Çok yüksek fırın sıcaklığı (>200 ºC) ve/veya çok uzun pişirme süresi (35 ve 40 d) pandispanyada kabuk renginin koyulaşmasına, üst yüzeyde çatlaklara, zayıf kek içi yapısına ve yetersiz hacme neden olmuştur. Doğru hamur sıcaklığı ve pişirme normları seçilerek, yüksek kaliteli ve nemli, daha büyük hacimli kekler üretilebilir. Ayrıca ekonomik kayıpların önüne geçilebilir.

Project Number

FBE.2002.YL.147

References

  • [1] Dizlek, H., Altan, A., Determination of sponge cake volume with a mathematical method, Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops and Foods, 7(4), 551-557, 2015.
  • [2] Pyler, E.J., Baking science and technology, Sosland Publishing Company, Merriam, KS, USA, 1345 p, 1988.
  • [3] Dizlek, H., Kremalı kek (yaş pasta) bileşenleri ve üretimi, Dünya Gıda Dergisi, 18(2013-06), 77-84, 2013.
  • [4] Dizlek, H., Altan, A., The effects of egg and baking powder on the sponge cake characteristics, 15th International Cereal and Bread Congress, April 18-21, İstanbul, 169, 2016.
  • [5] AACCI, International Approved Methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemists (11th Edition), Method 08-01.01, Method 10-90.01, Method 10-91.01, Method 38-12.02, Method 44-19.01, Method 54-10.01, Method 54-21.02, Method 56-60.01, Method 56-81.04, The Association: St. Paul, MN, USA, 2010.
  • [6] Sultan, W.J., Practical baking, The Avi Publishing Company, Inc. Westport, CT, USA, 755 p, 1976.
  • [7] Dizlek, H., Effects of amount of batter in baking cup on muffin quality, International Journal of Food Engineering, 11(5), 629-640, 2015.
  • [8] Bath, D.E., Shelke, K., Hoseney, R.C., Fat replacers in high-ratio layer cakes, Cereal Foods World, 37, 495-500, 1992.
  • [9] SAS Institute, SAS user’s guide to statistical analyses. SAS Institute, Inc. Raleigh, NC, USA, 1982.
  • [10] Dizlek, H., Özer, M.S., Gül, H., Keklerin yapısal özelliklerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılan ölçütler, Türkiye 10. Gıda Kongresi, 21-23 Mayıs, Erzurum, 371-374, 2008.
  • [11] Chesterton, A.K.S., Wilson, D.I., Sadd, P.A., Moggridge, G.D., A novel laboratory scale method for studying heat treatment of cake flour, Journal of Food Engineering, 144, 36-44, 2015.
  • [12] Cloke, J.D., Davis, E.A., Gordon, J., Volume measurements calculated by several methods using cross-sectional tracings of cake, Cereal Chemistry, 61, 375-377, 1984.
  • [13] Şümnü, G., Use of various starches in microwave baked cakes, The Journal of Food, 26(1), 9-11, 2001.
  • [14] İpek, T., Dizlek, H., Farklı form ve oranlarda yerfıstığı ürünleri kullanılmasının top kek kalitesine etkisi, Gıda Dergisi, 43(4), 591-604, 2018.
  • [15] Jia, C., Huang, W., Ji, L., Zhang, L., Li, N., Li, Y., Improvement of hydrocolloid characteristics added to angel food cake by modifying the thermal and physical properties of frozen batter, Food Hydrocolloids, 41, 227-232, 2014.
  • [16] Gómez, M., Ronda, F., Caballero, P.A., Blanco, C.A., Rosell, C.M., Functionality of different hydrocolloids on the quality and shelf-life of yellow layer cakes, Food Hydrocolloids, 21, 167-173, 2007.
  • [17] Dizlek, H., Altan, A., Pişirme öncesinde hamurun kısa süre bekletilmesinin pandispanya nitelikleri üzerine etkisi, Gıda Dergisi, 38(1), 31-38, 2013.
  • [18] Dizlek, H., Özer, M.S., Improvement bread characteristics of high-level sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps) damaged wheat by modification in kneading and fermentation conditions, Journal of Cereal Science, 102, 103336, 2021.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Halef Dizlek 0000-0001-5873-5462

Ali Altan This is me

Project Number FBE.2002.YL.147
Publication Date December 31, 2021
Submission Date September 23, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 17 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Dizlek, H., & Altan, A. (2021). The Impacts of Batter and Baking Temperatures and Baking Time on Sponge Cake Characteristics. Electronic Letters on Science and Engineering, 17(2), 89-95.