Case Report
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Bir Kedide Gastroduodenal Perforasyon: Klinik Bulgular, Tanı ve Sağaltım Yönetimi

Year 2026, Volume: 23 Issue: 1 , 111 - 118 , 29.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1761143
https://izlik.org/JA89WG52WZ

Abstract

Kedilerde nadir olarak bildirilen gastrointestinal perforasyonlar, hayvanın yaşamını tehdit eden ve sağaltılmadığında septik peritonitis ve ölümle sonuçlanabilen durumlardır. Etiyolojisinde anti-inflamatuar ilaçların uzun süreli ve yüksek dozda kullanımları, intestinal neoplaziler, gastrointestinal yangılar, yabancı cisimler gibi pek çok faktör yer alır. Bu çalışmada amaç, sistotomi yapılan bir kedide postoperatif dönemde şekillenen gastroduodenal perforasyon ve buna bağlı olduğu düşünülen septik peritonitisin klinik, tanı ve sağaltım süreçlerinin değerlendirilmesidir. Cerrahi Kliniğine anüri şikayeti ile getirilen 5 yaşlı, erkek, tekir bir kediye ürolitiazis tanısı konularak, medikal sağaltıma yanıt alınamaması üzerine cerrahi müdahale olarak sistotomi uygulandı. Postoperatif meloksikam ve sefalosporin başlanan kedide üçüncü gün iştahsızlık ve genel durumunda bozulma gözlenen hastada radyografik muayenede abdominal organlardaki detay kaybı ve buzlu cam görünümü dikkati çekti. Ultrasonografik muayenede abdomende serbest sıvı tespit edilirken, idrar kesesinin bütünlüğünü koruduğu, midenin ise yoğun bir sıvı içerik ile dolduğu görüldü. Bilateral akut nefritis dikkati çekti. Abdominosentez ile alınan sıvının sitolojik incelemesinde septik peritonitis tespit edildi. Laparotomi ile abdomene girildiğinde kahverengi serbest sıvının varlığı görüldü. Bu sıvının gastrik içerik olduğu tespit edildi. Şiddetli peritonitis, organ genelinde dolaşım bozuklukları ve şiddetli adezyonlar değerlendirilerek, prognozun kötü olduğu sonucuna varıldı ve hastaya intraoperatif ötanazi işlemi gerçekleştirildi. Kedilerde gastrik perforasyonların etiyolojisi, prevalansı ve predispoze faktörler ile ilgili oldukça az sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Yapılan çalışma ile sindirim sistemi dışında bir şikayetle opere edilen bir kedide şekillenen mide rupturuna ilişkin etiyoloji ve sağaltım süreçleri farklı açılardan değerlendirilerek tartışılmıştır.

References

  • Barandun MA, Mullins RA, Rytz U. Billroth II procedure for the treatment of spontaneous gastrointestinal perforation in two cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259 (11): 1325-31.
  • Bernabe A, Valles N, Echalecu MS, Garrigos A, Agut A. Tension pneumoperitoneum secondary to duodenal perforation presumptively due to the administration of meloxicam in a cat. Vet Rec Case Rep 2021; 9(2): e40.
  • Bernardin F, Martinez Rivera L, Ragetly G, Gomes E, Hernandez J. (2015). Spontaneous gastrointestinal perforation in cats: a retrospective study of 13 cases. J Feline Med Surg 17(10), 873-9.
  • Cariou M, Lipscomb VJ, Brockman DJ, Gregory SP, Baines SJ. Spontaneous gastroduodenal perforations in dogs: a retrospective study of 15 cases. Vet Rec 2009; 165 (15): 436-41.
  • Dobberstein RE, Oblak ML, Brisson BA, Singh A, Moens NM, Ayoub S. Primary repair of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-associated full thickness gastrointestinal ulcers in 11 dogs. Vet Surg 2022; 51(7): 1096-105.
  • Eskafian H, Tabrizi AS, Lari MA. Gastroscopic study of meloxicam, tramadol, and their combined administration on the development of gastric injuries in dogs. Top Companion Anim Med 2017; 32 (3): 109-13.
  • Kollannur JD, Jameel AJ, Choudhary S. Gastrointestinal disorders of dogs and cats. In: M. S. K. Saha, ed. Introduction to Diseases, Diagnosis, and Management of Dogs and Cats. Academic Press; 2024: 271-87.
  • Lew SQ, Radhakrishnan J. Chronic kidney disease and gastrointestinal disorders. In: Chronic Renal Disease. 2020: 521-39.
  • Liptak JM, Hunt GB, Barrs VRD, Foster SF, Tisdall PLC, O'Brien CR, Malik R. Gastroduodenal ulceration in cats: eight cases and a review of the literature. J Feline Med Surg 2002; 4 (1): 27-42.
  • Mate de Haro L, Moreno-Aguado B, Martí J, Kelly D. Spontaneous gastric rupture presenting as severe pneumoperitoneum in a cat with presumed idiopathic gastric ulceration. Vet Rec Case Rep 2020; 8 (1): e001049.
  • McLeland SM, Lunn KF, Duncan CG, Refsal KR, Quimby JM. Relationship among serum creatinine, serum gastrin, calcium-phosphorus product, and uremic gastropathy in cats with chronic kidney disease. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28 (3): 827-37.
  • Nelson RW, Couto CG. Small Animal Internal Medicine. 6th ed. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2019.
  • Saunders WB, Tobias KM. Pneumoperitoneum in dogs and cats: 39 cases (1983–2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2003; 223(4): 462-8.
  • Tolbert K., Gould E. Gastritis and gastric ulceration in dogs and cats. In: Nelson K. S., Couto C. G., eds. Clinical Small Animal Internal Medicine. 1st ed. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2020. p. 547-55.
  • Yavuz H, Ankaralı S. Böbreklerin endokrin fonksiyonları. DÜ Sağlık Bil Enst Derg 2021; 11(2): 265-72.
  • Weston PJ, Maddox TW, Hõim SE, Griffin S, Mesquita L. Diagnostic utility of abdominal ultrasound for detecting non-perforated gastroduodenal ulcers in dogs. Vet Rec 2022; 190(1): e199.
  • Wun MK, Leister E, King T, Korman R, Malik R. Acute kidney injury in 18 cats after subcutaneous meloxicam and an update on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug usage in feline patients in Australia. Aust Vet J 2023; 101(3): 90-8.

Gastroduodenal Perforation in a Cat: Clinical Findings, Diagnosis, and Treatment Management

Year 2026, Volume: 23 Issue: 1 , 111 - 118 , 29.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1761143
https://izlik.org/JA89WG52WZ

Abstract

Gastrointestinal perforations, although rarely reported in cats, are life-threatening conditions that can result in septic peritonitis and death if left untreated. Contributing factors include long-term or high-dose use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), gastrointestinal neoplasms, inflammation, and foreign bodies. This report describes the clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic management of a feline case of gastroduodenal perforation complicated by septic peritonitis. A 5-year-old male domestic shorthair cat was referred with anuria and diagnosed with urolithiasis. Following unsuccessful medical therapy, the cat underwent cystotomy. Postoperatively, meloxicam and a cephalosporin antibiotic were administered. By the third day post-surgery, the cat exhibited anorexia and systemic deterioration. Radiographs showed decreased abdominal detail and a ground-glass appearance. Ultrasonography revealed free abdominal fluid, intact urinary bladder, and fluid-filled stomach. Bilateral acute nephritis was noted. Abdominocentesis confirmed septic peritonitis cytologically. During exploratory laparotomy, brown free fluid consistent with gastric content was identified in the abdomen. Extensive peritonitis, circulatory compromise, and adhesions were present. Due to poor prognosis, intraoperative euthanasia was performed. While gastroduodenal perforation in cats is rarely documented, this case suggests a possible link between NSAID use, renal dysfunction, and gastrointestinal rupture. The cat had no prior gastrointestinal symptoms and had undergone surgery for an unrelated condition. This highlights the importance of cautious NSAID use in patients with compromised renal function and suggests the need for further studies to better understand risk factors and outcomes associated with feline gastroduodenal perforation.

References

  • Barandun MA, Mullins RA, Rytz U. Billroth II procedure for the treatment of spontaneous gastrointestinal perforation in two cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259 (11): 1325-31.
  • Bernabe A, Valles N, Echalecu MS, Garrigos A, Agut A. Tension pneumoperitoneum secondary to duodenal perforation presumptively due to the administration of meloxicam in a cat. Vet Rec Case Rep 2021; 9(2): e40.
  • Bernardin F, Martinez Rivera L, Ragetly G, Gomes E, Hernandez J. (2015). Spontaneous gastrointestinal perforation in cats: a retrospective study of 13 cases. J Feline Med Surg 17(10), 873-9.
  • Cariou M, Lipscomb VJ, Brockman DJ, Gregory SP, Baines SJ. Spontaneous gastroduodenal perforations in dogs: a retrospective study of 15 cases. Vet Rec 2009; 165 (15): 436-41.
  • Dobberstein RE, Oblak ML, Brisson BA, Singh A, Moens NM, Ayoub S. Primary repair of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-associated full thickness gastrointestinal ulcers in 11 dogs. Vet Surg 2022; 51(7): 1096-105.
  • Eskafian H, Tabrizi AS, Lari MA. Gastroscopic study of meloxicam, tramadol, and their combined administration on the development of gastric injuries in dogs. Top Companion Anim Med 2017; 32 (3): 109-13.
  • Kollannur JD, Jameel AJ, Choudhary S. Gastrointestinal disorders of dogs and cats. In: M. S. K. Saha, ed. Introduction to Diseases, Diagnosis, and Management of Dogs and Cats. Academic Press; 2024: 271-87.
  • Lew SQ, Radhakrishnan J. Chronic kidney disease and gastrointestinal disorders. In: Chronic Renal Disease. 2020: 521-39.
  • Liptak JM, Hunt GB, Barrs VRD, Foster SF, Tisdall PLC, O'Brien CR, Malik R. Gastroduodenal ulceration in cats: eight cases and a review of the literature. J Feline Med Surg 2002; 4 (1): 27-42.
  • Mate de Haro L, Moreno-Aguado B, Martí J, Kelly D. Spontaneous gastric rupture presenting as severe pneumoperitoneum in a cat with presumed idiopathic gastric ulceration. Vet Rec Case Rep 2020; 8 (1): e001049.
  • McLeland SM, Lunn KF, Duncan CG, Refsal KR, Quimby JM. Relationship among serum creatinine, serum gastrin, calcium-phosphorus product, and uremic gastropathy in cats with chronic kidney disease. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28 (3): 827-37.
  • Nelson RW, Couto CG. Small Animal Internal Medicine. 6th ed. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2019.
  • Saunders WB, Tobias KM. Pneumoperitoneum in dogs and cats: 39 cases (1983–2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2003; 223(4): 462-8.
  • Tolbert K., Gould E. Gastritis and gastric ulceration in dogs and cats. In: Nelson K. S., Couto C. G., eds. Clinical Small Animal Internal Medicine. 1st ed. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2020. p. 547-55.
  • Yavuz H, Ankaralı S. Böbreklerin endokrin fonksiyonları. DÜ Sağlık Bil Enst Derg 2021; 11(2): 265-72.
  • Weston PJ, Maddox TW, Hõim SE, Griffin S, Mesquita L. Diagnostic utility of abdominal ultrasound for detecting non-perforated gastroduodenal ulcers in dogs. Vet Rec 2022; 190(1): e199.
  • Wun MK, Leister E, King T, Korman R, Malik R. Acute kidney injury in 18 cats after subcutaneous meloxicam and an update on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug usage in feline patients in Australia. Aust Vet J 2023; 101(3): 90-8.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Journal Section Case Report
Authors

Diğdem Uygur 0000-0002-0291-2391

Aslı Uygur 0000-0002-5045-1737

Aydın Yilmaz 0009-0006-4305-3550

Oytun Okan Şenel 0000-0002-9008-9437

Submission Date August 9, 2025
Acceptance Date April 6, 2026
Publication Date April 29, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1761143
IZ https://izlik.org/JA89WG52WZ
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 23 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Uygur, D., Uygur, A., Yilmaz, A., & Şenel, O. O. (2026). Gastroduodenal Perforation in a Cat: Clinical Findings, Diagnosis, and Treatment Management. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(1), 111-118. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1761143
AMA 1.Uygur D, Uygur A, Yilmaz A, Şenel OO. Gastroduodenal Perforation in a Cat: Clinical Findings, Diagnosis, and Treatment Management. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2026;23(1):111-118. doi:10.32707/ercivet.1761143
Chicago Uygur, Diğdem, Aslı Uygur, Aydın Yilmaz, and Oytun Okan Şenel. 2026. “Gastroduodenal Perforation in a Cat: Clinical Findings, Diagnosis, and Treatment Management”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 23 (1): 111-18. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1761143.
EndNote Uygur D, Uygur A, Yilmaz A, Şenel OO (April 1, 2026) Gastroduodenal Perforation in a Cat: Clinical Findings, Diagnosis, and Treatment Management. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 23 1 111–118.
IEEE [1]D. Uygur, A. Uygur, A. Yilmaz, and O. O. Şenel, “Gastroduodenal Perforation in a Cat: Clinical Findings, Diagnosis, and Treatment Management”, Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 111–118, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.32707/ercivet.1761143.
ISNAD Uygur, Diğdem - Uygur, Aslı - Yilmaz, Aydın - Şenel, Oytun Okan. “Gastroduodenal Perforation in a Cat: Clinical Findings, Diagnosis, and Treatment Management”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 23/1 (April 1, 2026): 111-118. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1761143.
JAMA 1.Uygur D, Uygur A, Yilmaz A, Şenel OO. Gastroduodenal Perforation in a Cat: Clinical Findings, Diagnosis, and Treatment Management. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2026;23:111–118.
MLA Uygur, Diğdem, et al. “Gastroduodenal Perforation in a Cat: Clinical Findings, Diagnosis, and Treatment Management”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 23, no. 1, Apr. 2026, pp. 111-8, doi:10.32707/ercivet.1761143.
Vancouver 1.Diğdem Uygur, Aslı Uygur, Aydın Yilmaz, Oytun Okan Şenel. Gastroduodenal Perforation in a Cat: Clinical Findings, Diagnosis, and Treatment Management. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2026 Apr. 1;23(1):111-8. doi:10.32707/ercivet.1761143