Turizm sektörünün bölgesel kalkınma üzerindeki rolü: Kayseri iline yönelik nitel bir araştırma

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Kayseri ilinin kalkınma sürecinde son yıllarda daha fazla gündeme gelen turizm sektörünün rolü ve potansiyeli incelenmektedir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış ve ildeki 20 turizm sektörü paydaşı ile yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çerçevede elde edilen veriler, betimsel analiz yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak ulusal ve uluslararası literatürle de uyumlu olacak şekilde turizm sektörünün Kayseri iline sosyo-ekonomik, sosyo-kültürel ve çevresel açıdan çeşitli faydalar sağladığı (istihdam ve gelir artışı, kültür alışverişi, çevrenin korunması vb.), ancak destinasyonun farklı özelliklerinden kaynaklanan bazı nedenlerden dolayı (turizmin bölgede henüz gelişmeye başlaması, mevsimsellik sorunu, yatırım, tanıtım ve pazarlama eksikliği vb.) bu katkıların sınırlı düzeyde kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan Kayseri ili turizm potansiyelinin kalkınma açısından önemli bir itici faktör olabileceği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

• Turizm ve Kalkınma
• Bölgesel Kalkınma
• Turizm Sektörü
• Nitel Araştırma

The role of tourism sector on regional development: A qualitative research for Kayseri province

Abstract

In this study, the role and potential of the tourism sector, which has been on the agenda more recently in the development process of Kayseri, is examined. Qualitative research method was used in the study and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 tourism sector stakeholders in the province. The data obtained within this framework were evaluated by descriptive analysis method. As a result, it has been determined that in line with the national and international literature, the tourism sector provides various benefits in terms of socio-economic, socio-cultural and environmental aspects to Kayseri (employment and income increase, cultural exchange, protection of environment etc.), but these contributions remain limited due to some reasons originate from different characteristics of the destination (new development of tourism in the region, seasonal problem, lack of investment, promotion and marketing etc.). On the other hand, it has been found that the tourism potential of Kayseri can be an important driving factor for development.

Keywords

• Tourism and Development
• Regional Development
• Tourism Sector
• Qualitative Research

References

1. Aguirre, J., Mateu, P., & Pantoja, C. (2019). Granting airport concessions for regional development: Evidence from Peru. Transport Policy, 74, 138-152.
2. Akdemir, N. (2018). Yöresel Mutfağın Turizm Ürünü Olarak Kullanımı ve Bölgesel Kalkınmaya Katkısı. [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
3. Andrew, B. P. (1997). Tourism and the economic development of Cornwall. Annals of Tourism Research, 24 (3), 72l-735.
4. Balaguer, J., & Cantavella-Jorda, M. (2002). Tourism as a long-run economic growth factor: the Spanish case. Applied Economics, 34 (7), 877-884.
5. Belisle, F. J., & Hoy, D. R. (1980). The perceived impact of tourism by residents: A case study in Santa Marta, Colombia. Annals of Tourism Research, 7 (1), 83-101.
6. Bertaux, D. (1981). From the life-history approach to the transformation of sociological practice. In Daniel Bertaux (Ed.), Biography and society: The life history approach in the social sciences (pp.29-45), London: Sage.
7. Boonpat, S. N. (2010). Tourism and local development: The case of Chiang Saen, Chiangrai, Thailand. Newcastle University. University of Newcastle upon Tyne. Dissertation Thesis (Ph. D.). United Kingdom.
8. Brenner, L., & Aguilar, A. G. (2002). Luxury tourism and regional economic development in Mexico. The Professional Geographer, 54 (4), 500-520.

9. Brink, H. I. L. (1993). Validity and reliability in qualitative research. Curationis, 16 (2), 35-38.
10. Cabuk, S. (2012). A reading of Kayseri from the eyes of Evliya Celebi. BELLETEN, 76, 817-849.
11. Cihangir, İ. S. (2016). Termal turizm potansiyelinin bölgesel kalkınmada ekonomik rolü: Ilgın Termal Tesislerinde bir uygulama. [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
12. Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2015). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
13. Creswell, J.W. (1997). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
14. Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln Y. S. (2005). The SAGE handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
15. Dinçer, E. (2018). Bölgesel kalkınmada termal turizm: Eskişehir iline yönelik bir inceleme. [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
16. Doxey, G. V. (1976). When enough’s enough: The natives are restless in Old Niagara. Heritage Canada, 2 (2), 26-28.
17. Durgun, A. (2006). Bölgesel kalkınmada turizmin rolü: Isparta örneği. [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
18. Faulkner, B., & Tideswell, C. (1997). A framework for monitoring community impacts of tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 5 (1), 3-28.
19. Fayed, H. A. E. K. S. (2002). The impacts of gats: A case study of tourism development in Egypt. Bournemouth University. Dissertation Thesis (Ph. D.).
20. Garcia-Lopez, A. M., Campoy-Munoz, M. D. P., Cardenete-Flores, M. A., & Marchena-Gomez, M. J. (2018). The Andalusian tourism sector during the economic crisis and its impact on regional development. Revista de Estudios Andaluces, 36, 72-97.
21. Geetha, S. (2015). Role of tourism in economic development of Kanyakumari district. Manonmaniam Sundaranar University. Dissertation Thesis (Ph. D.). Tirunelveli. India.
22. Gözüela, H. (2018). Bölgesel kalkınmada turizmin rolü: MEVKA örneği. [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
23. Guisan, M. C., & Aguayo, E. (2001). Employment and regional development in France. Applied Econometrics and International Development, AEEADE, 1 (1), 63-92.
24. Gutierrez, A. L. M. (2015). Tourism and economic growth: casuality, persistence and asymmetry. University of Huelva. Department of Economics. Dissertation Thesis (Ph. D.). Huelva. Spain.
25. Haley, A. J., Snaith, T., & Miller, G. (2005). The social impacts of tourism a case study of Bath, UK. Annals of Tourism Research, 32 (3), 647-668.
26. Heng, T. M., & Low, L. (1990). Economic impact of tourism in Singapore. Annals of Tourism Research, 17, 246-269.
27. Homlong, N., & Springler, E. (2016). Impact of tourism for regional development: an alternative socio-economic model for Cambodia. World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sust. Development, 12 (2/3), 239-253.
28. Irvin, K. (2006). Volunteer tourism and development: An impact assessment of volunteer tourists from two organisations in Cape Town. University of Cape Town. Graduate School of Humanities. Master Thesis.
29. Ivanov, S. & Webster, C. (2007). Measuring the impact of tourism on economic growth. Tourism Economics, 13 (3), 379-388.
30. İzgi, M. T. (2007). Osmaniye ilinin turizm potansiyelinin bölgesel kalkınma politikaları açısından değerlendirilmesi ve sürdürülebilir turizmin gelişimi için bir model önerisi. [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
31. Jingyi, L., & Chung-Shing, C. (2018). Local cultural vicissitudes in regional tourism development: A case of Zhuhai. Tourism Management Perspectives, 25, 80-92.
32. Jones, C., & Munday, M. (2001). Blaenavon and United Nations World Heritage Site Status: Is conservation of industrial heritage a road to local economic development?. Regional Studies, 35 (6), 585-590.
33. Kayseri İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlüğü (2020, Ocak 1). Kayseri. https://kayseri.ktb.gov.tr/TR-182985/anasayfa.html.
34. Kızıldemir, Ö., & Sarıışık, M. (2018). Turist harcamalarının bölgesel kalkınmaya ekonomik etkileri: Adana örneği. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 6 (2), 128-142.
35. King, B., Pizam, A., & Milman, A. (1993). Social impacts of tourism: Host perceptions. Annals of Tourism Research, 20, 650-665.
36. Lemos, A. (2017). Measuring the economic value and social impact of crocodile tourism in Tarcoles, Costa Rica. Florida International University. Master Thesis. Florida. USA.
37. Letitia, A. M. (2012). Features of the regional development and decentralization in Romania. A Comparative analysis of the regions of Romania. “Ovidius” University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, 12 (1), 304-309.
38. Li, L. (2005). The Role of tourism in regional development: A case study of Yunnan China. The Scottish Hotel School University of Strathclyde. Dissertation Thesis (Ph. D.).
39. Lincoln, Y. S.^, & Guba, E. G. (1986). But is it rigorous? Trustworthiness and authenticity in naturalistic evaluation. New directions for evaluation, 30, 73-84.
40. Lukic, D., Petrovic, M. D., & Vukovic, D. B. (2018). Potential of geotourism for regional development: the case of “Iron Gates” park in Serbia. R-Economy, 4 (4), 158-166.
41. Makawa, R. N. (2010). Tourism integration in Southern Africa. The University of Birmingham. Centre for Urban and Regional Studies. Dissertation Thesis (Ph. D.).
42. Mayer, M., Müller, M., Woltering, M., Arnegger, J., & Job, H. (2010). The economic impact of tourism in six German national parks. Landscape and Urban Planning, 97, 73-82.
43. Mescon, T. S., & Vozikis, G. S. (1985). The economic impact of tourism at the Port of Miami. Annals of Tourism Research, 12, 515-528.
44. Milman, A. & Pizam, A. (1988). Social impacts of tourism on Central Florida. Annals of Tourism Research, 15, 191-204.
45. Motumi, K. K. (2013). Challenges faced by umgungundlovu district municipality in the implementation of tourism to enhance local economic development. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Dissertation Thesis (Ph. D.).
46. Ncube, S. S. (2013). Examining the role of community based tourism as a local economic development tool: The case of the inanda heritage route. University of Kwa-Zulu Natal. School of Architecture, Town Planning and Housing. Master Thesis.
47. Oladottir, O. (1992). The economic impact of international tourism in Iceland. McGill University. Department of Geography. Master Thesis. Montreal.
48. Ospina, S. (2004). Qualitative research. In: G. R. Goethals, G. J. Sorenson., & J. MacGregor Burns (Eds.), Encyclopedia of leadership (pp. 1279-1284). London: Sage.
49. Öztürk, M. (2014). Coğrafya eğitiminde araştırma, Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
50. Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
51. Ribeiro, L. C. D. S., Da Silva, E. O. V., Andrade, J. R. D. L., & De Souza, K. B. (2017). Tourism and regional development in the Brazilian Northeast. Tourism Economics, 23 (3), 717-727.
52. Rogerson, C. M. (2015). Tourism and regional development: The case of South Africa’s distressed areas. Development Southern Africa, 32 (3), 277-291.
53. Sağlık, E. (2011). Turizm işletmelerinin bölge ekonomisindeki yeri ve rolünün belirlenmesi: Erzurum ölçeğinde bir araştırma. [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
54. Shenton, A. K. (2004). Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects. Education for information, 22 (2), 63-75.
55. Silverman, D. (2000). Doing qualitative research: A practical handbook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
56. Susan, F. (2016). Bölgesel kalkınmada turizmin rolü ve Balıkesir Örneği. [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Yaşar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
57. Şamata, N. (2016). Kongre turizmi bağlamında butik otellerin ekonomik kalkınmaya etkisi: Safranbolu örneği. [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Karabük Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
58. Şeker, H. (2011). Bölgesel kalkınmada turizmin rolü ve Amasya örneği. [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
59. Şimşek, H., & Yıldırım, A. (2006). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
60. Tetsu, K. (2006). Tourism promotion and regional development in low-income developing countries. The Pakistan Development Review, 45 (3), 417-424.
61. Tisdell, C., & Bandara, R. (2004). Tourism as a contributor to development in Sri Lanka: An overview and a case study. Economics, Ecology and the Environment, The University of Queensland, Working Paper No. 94, ISSN 1327-8231.
62. Tunçbilekli, P. (2006). Turizmin bölgesel kalkınmaya etkisi: Nevşehir örneği. [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Niğde Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
63. Tveter, E. (2017). The effect of airports on regional development: Evidence from the construction of regional airports in Norway. Research in Transportation Economics, 1-9.
64. United Nations World Tourism Organization (2016). UNWTO Annual report 2016. UNWTO.
65. Williams, G. (2016). Economic impacts from development of the Coastal Town in Queensland on tourism and regional economy. Resources, 5 (48), 1-16.
66. Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.
67. Yin, R. K. (2011). Qualitative research from start to finish, New York: The Guilford Press.