Bilişsel Esneklik ve Mental İyi Oluş: Sırasal Aracı Olarak Olumsuz Değerlendirilme Korkusu ve Akademik Mükemmeliyetçilik
Year 2020,
Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 386 - 396, 31.08.2020
Begüm Satıcı
,
Emine Göçet Tekin
M. Engin Deniz
Abstract
Bu
çalışmada Türk üniversite öğrencilerinin bilişsel esneklik düzeyleri ile mental
iyi oluşları arasında olumsuz değerlendirilme korkusu ve akademik
mükemmeliyetçiliğin sırasal çoklu aracılığı incelenmiştir. İki farklı devlet
üniversitesinde öğrenim gören toplamda 320 [162 (%50.6) kadın ve 158
(%49.4) erkek, Yaş ort
= 20.37, ss = 2.05] öğrenci çalışmaya dahil olmuştur. Warwick-Edinburgh Mental
İyi Oluş Ölçeği, Bilişsel Esneklik Envanteri, Olumsuz Değerlendirilme Korkusu
Ölçeği Kısa Formu ve Akademik Mükemmeliyetçilik Ölçeği verilerin elde
edilmesinde kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada incelenen sırasal çoklu aracılık rol
PROCESS makrosuna (Model 6) dayalı bootstrapping tekniği ile ele alınmıştır.
Araştırmanın sonuçlara göre çalışmanın değişkenleri olan bilişsel esneklik,
mental iyi oluş, olumsuz değerlendirilme korkusu ve akademik
mükemmeliyetçiliğin birbirleriyle anlamlı ilişkiye sahip oldukları görülmüştür.
Bununla birlikte çalışmanın bulgularına göre olumsuz değerlendirilme korkusu
ile akademik mükemmeliyetçiliğin bilişsel esneklik ve mental iyi oluş
ilişkisinde sırasal ve kısmi aracı rolünü ortaya çıkartmıştır. Çalışmanın
bulgularından ortaya çıkan doğurgular tartışılarak ve gelecek çalışmalara
yönelik önerilere yer verilmiştir.
References
- Carleton, R. N., McCreary, D. R., Norton, P. J., & Asmundson, G. J. (2006). Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale-Revised. Depression and Anxiety, 23(5), 297-303.
- Clarke, A. M., Kuosmanen, T., & Barry, M. M. (2015). A systematic review of online youth mental health promotion and prevention interventions. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44(1), 90-113.
- Cleary, M., Walter, G., & Jackson, D. (2011). “Not always smooth sailing”: Mental health issues associated with the transition from high school to college. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 32(4), 250-254.
- Çetin, B., Doğan, T., & Sapmaz, F. (2010). Olumsuz Değerlendirilme Korkusu Ölçeği Kısa Formu’nun Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Eğitim ve Bilim, 35(156), 205-216.
- Dennis, J. P., & Vander Wal, J. S. (2010). The Cognitive Flexibility Inventory: Instrument development and estimates of reliability and validity. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34(3), 241-253.
- Dryman, M. T., Gardner, S., Weeks, J. W., & Heimberg, R. G. (2016). Social anxiety disorder and quality of life: How fears of negative and positive evaluation relate to specific domains of life satisfaction. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 38, 1-8.
- Gabrys, R., Anisman, H., & Matheson, K. (2018). Cognitive control and flexibility in the context of stress and depressive symptoms: The cognitive control and flexibility questionnaire. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2219.
- Grøtan, K., Sund, E. R., & Bjerkeset, O. (2019). Mental health, academic self-efficacy and study progress among college students-The SHoT study, Norway. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 45.
- Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Publications: New York.
- Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes, and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1-25.
- Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991). Dimensions of perfectionism in unipolar depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(1), 98.
- Karakashian, L. M., Walter, M. I., Christopher, A. N., & Lucas, T. (2006). Fear of negative evaluation affects helping behavior: The bystander effect revisited. North American Journal of Psychology, 8(1).
- Keldal, G. (2015). Warwick-Edinburgh Mental İyi Oluş Ölçeği’nin Türkçe formu: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 103-115.
- Koesten, J., Schrodt, P., & Ford, D. J. (2009). Cognitive flexibility as a mediator of family communication environments and young adults' well-being. Health Communication, 24, 82-94.
- Leary, M. R. (1983). A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9(3), 371-375.
- Levinson, C. A., Rodebaugh, T. L., White, E. K., Menatti, A. R., Weeks, J. W., Iacovino, J. M., & Warren, C. S. (2013). Social appearance anxiety, perfectionism, and fear of negative evaluation. Distinct or shared risk factors for social anxiety and eating disorders?. Appetite, 67, 125-133.
- Martin, M. M., & Anderson, C. M. (1998). The Cognitive Flexibility Scale: Three validity studies. Communication Reports, 11(1), 1-9.
- Mckinney, A. P. (2003). Goal orientation: A test of competing models (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 3157771).
- Mellor, D. J., Cummins, R. A., Karlinski, E., & Storer, S. P. (2003). The management of subjective quality of life by short-stay hospital patients: An exploratory study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 1(1), 39.
- Nonterah, C. W., Hahn, N. C., Utsey, S. O., Hook, J. N., Abrams, J. A., Hubbard, R. R., & Opare-Henako, A. (2015). Fear of negative evaluation as a mediator of the relation between academic stress, anxiety and depression in a sample of Ghanaian college students. Psychology and Developing Societies, 27(1), 125-142.
- Odacı, H., Kalkan, M., & Çikrikci, Ö. (2017). Akademik Mükemmeliyetçilik Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(1), 353-366.
- Pacht, A.R. (1984) Reflections on Perfectionism. American Psychologist, 39, 386-390.
- Preacher, K. J. and Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879-891.
- Ram, A. (2005). The relationship of positive and negative perfectionism to academic achievement, achievement motivation, and well-being in tertiary students. Unpublished Master Thesis, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
- Rapee, R. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (1997). A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35(8), 741-756.
- Rice, K. G., & Dellwo, J. P. (2002). Perfectionism and self-development: Implications for college adjustment. Journal of Counseling and Development, 80, 190–196.
- Sapmaz, F., & Doğan, T. (2013). Bilişsel esnekliğin değerlendirilmesi: Bilişsel esneklik envanteri Türkçe versiyonunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 46(1), 143-162.
- Tennant, R., Hiller, L., Fishwick, R., Platt, S., Joseph, S., Weich, S., ... & Stewart-Brown, S. (2007). The Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale (WEMWBS): development and UK validation. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 5(1), 63.
- Wang, W.-T., Hsu, W.-Y., Chiu, Y.-C., & Liang, C.-W. (2012). The hierarchical model of social interaction anxiety and depression: The critical roles of fears of evaluation. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26, 215–224.
- Weeks, J. W., Heimberg, R. G., & Rodebaugh, T. L. (2008). The fear of positive evaluation scale: Assessing a proposed cognitive component of social anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22, 44-55.
- Wilson, C. G., Nusbaum, A. T., Whitney, P., & Hinson, J. M. (2018). Trait anxiety impairs cognitive flexibility when overcoming a task acquired response and a preexisting bias. PloS One, 13(9), e0204694.
Cognitive Flexibility and Mental Well-Being: Fear of Negative Evaluation and Academic Perfectionism as Serial Mediators
Year 2020,
Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 386 - 396, 31.08.2020
Begüm Satıcı
,
Emine Göçet Tekin
M. Engin Deniz
Abstract
This study examined
the serial multiple mediator roles of the fear of negative evaluation and
academic perfectionism on the relation between cognitive flexibility and mental
well-being in a sample of Turkish university students. A total of 320 students [162
(50.6%) female and 158 (49.4%) male, M age = 20.37; SD
= 2.05] in two separate public universities were involved in this study. The Warwick-Edinburgh
Mental Well-Being Scale, the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, the Brief Fear of
Negative Evaluation Scale, and the Academic Perfectionism Scale were used to
obtain the data. We investigated the serial multiple mediations roles by using
bootstrapping based PROCESS macro (Model 6). The results revealed
that significant relationships between the variables. Moreover, the findings indicated
that fear of negative evaluation and academic perfectionism subsequently and partially
mediated the relation between cognitive flexibility and mental well-being.
Implications for the research’s results are discussed and recommendations for
future direction are offered.
References
- Carleton, R. N., McCreary, D. R., Norton, P. J., & Asmundson, G. J. (2006). Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale-Revised. Depression and Anxiety, 23(5), 297-303.
- Clarke, A. M., Kuosmanen, T., & Barry, M. M. (2015). A systematic review of online youth mental health promotion and prevention interventions. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44(1), 90-113.
- Cleary, M., Walter, G., & Jackson, D. (2011). “Not always smooth sailing”: Mental health issues associated with the transition from high school to college. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 32(4), 250-254.
- Çetin, B., Doğan, T., & Sapmaz, F. (2010). Olumsuz Değerlendirilme Korkusu Ölçeği Kısa Formu’nun Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Eğitim ve Bilim, 35(156), 205-216.
- Dennis, J. P., & Vander Wal, J. S. (2010). The Cognitive Flexibility Inventory: Instrument development and estimates of reliability and validity. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34(3), 241-253.
- Dryman, M. T., Gardner, S., Weeks, J. W., & Heimberg, R. G. (2016). Social anxiety disorder and quality of life: How fears of negative and positive evaluation relate to specific domains of life satisfaction. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 38, 1-8.
- Gabrys, R., Anisman, H., & Matheson, K. (2018). Cognitive control and flexibility in the context of stress and depressive symptoms: The cognitive control and flexibility questionnaire. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2219.
- Grøtan, K., Sund, E. R., & Bjerkeset, O. (2019). Mental health, academic self-efficacy and study progress among college students-The SHoT study, Norway. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 45.
- Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Publications: New York.
- Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes, and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1-25.
- Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991). Dimensions of perfectionism in unipolar depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(1), 98.
- Karakashian, L. M., Walter, M. I., Christopher, A. N., & Lucas, T. (2006). Fear of negative evaluation affects helping behavior: The bystander effect revisited. North American Journal of Psychology, 8(1).
- Keldal, G. (2015). Warwick-Edinburgh Mental İyi Oluş Ölçeği’nin Türkçe formu: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 103-115.
- Koesten, J., Schrodt, P., & Ford, D. J. (2009). Cognitive flexibility as a mediator of family communication environments and young adults' well-being. Health Communication, 24, 82-94.
- Leary, M. R. (1983). A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9(3), 371-375.
- Levinson, C. A., Rodebaugh, T. L., White, E. K., Menatti, A. R., Weeks, J. W., Iacovino, J. M., & Warren, C. S. (2013). Social appearance anxiety, perfectionism, and fear of negative evaluation. Distinct or shared risk factors for social anxiety and eating disorders?. Appetite, 67, 125-133.
- Martin, M. M., & Anderson, C. M. (1998). The Cognitive Flexibility Scale: Three validity studies. Communication Reports, 11(1), 1-9.
- Mckinney, A. P. (2003). Goal orientation: A test of competing models (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 3157771).
- Mellor, D. J., Cummins, R. A., Karlinski, E., & Storer, S. P. (2003). The management of subjective quality of life by short-stay hospital patients: An exploratory study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 1(1), 39.
- Nonterah, C. W., Hahn, N. C., Utsey, S. O., Hook, J. N., Abrams, J. A., Hubbard, R. R., & Opare-Henako, A. (2015). Fear of negative evaluation as a mediator of the relation between academic stress, anxiety and depression in a sample of Ghanaian college students. Psychology and Developing Societies, 27(1), 125-142.
- Odacı, H., Kalkan, M., & Çikrikci, Ö. (2017). Akademik Mükemmeliyetçilik Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(1), 353-366.
- Pacht, A.R. (1984) Reflections on Perfectionism. American Psychologist, 39, 386-390.
- Preacher, K. J. and Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879-891.
- Ram, A. (2005). The relationship of positive and negative perfectionism to academic achievement, achievement motivation, and well-being in tertiary students. Unpublished Master Thesis, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
- Rapee, R. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (1997). A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35(8), 741-756.
- Rice, K. G., & Dellwo, J. P. (2002). Perfectionism and self-development: Implications for college adjustment. Journal of Counseling and Development, 80, 190–196.
- Sapmaz, F., & Doğan, T. (2013). Bilişsel esnekliğin değerlendirilmesi: Bilişsel esneklik envanteri Türkçe versiyonunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 46(1), 143-162.
- Tennant, R., Hiller, L., Fishwick, R., Platt, S., Joseph, S., Weich, S., ... & Stewart-Brown, S. (2007). The Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale (WEMWBS): development and UK validation. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 5(1), 63.
- Wang, W.-T., Hsu, W.-Y., Chiu, Y.-C., & Liang, C.-W. (2012). The hierarchical model of social interaction anxiety and depression: The critical roles of fears of evaluation. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26, 215–224.
- Weeks, J. W., Heimberg, R. G., & Rodebaugh, T. L. (2008). The fear of positive evaluation scale: Assessing a proposed cognitive component of social anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22, 44-55.
- Wilson, C. G., Nusbaum, A. T., Whitney, P., & Hinson, J. M. (2018). Trait anxiety impairs cognitive flexibility when overcoming a task acquired response and a preexisting bias. PloS One, 13(9), e0204694.