SOSYAL POLİTİKA ALANI OLARAK YAŞLI BAKIM HİZMETLERİNDE YAŞLI BAKIM TEKNİKERLERİNE BAKIŞ

Abstract

Öz Dünya nüfusunun giderek yaşlandığı bilinen bir gerçektir. Tüm dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de yaşlanan nüfus üzerinde durulması gereken bir konu olmuştur. Yaşlı bakım hizmeti sosyal bir mesele olduğu kadar aynı zamanda ekonomik ve psikolojik bir süreci de kapsamaktadır. Bu süreçte yaşlı bireylerin bakımı önemi gün geçtikçe artan bir konudur. Sosyal politika olarak yaşlı bakım hizmetleri huzurevleri, gündüz bakım evleri eliyle yürütülmektedir. Ancak ülkemizde geleneksel aile yapısı gereğince yaşlı bireylerin huzurevine yerleştirilmesi çok fazla kabul gören bir yaklaşım olmadığı için bakım hizmeti daha ziyade yaşlı bireyin kendi evinde ya da çocuklarının evinde bakım şeklinde gerçekleşmektedir. Ayrıca özellikle kadınların çalışma hayatına girmesi, evdeki yaşlı bireylerin genellikle başka bir kadın tarafından bakılması sonucunu doğurmakta, bu bakım hizmeti çoğu zaman yaşlı bakımı konusunda gerekli eğitimi almamış kişiler ya da yabancı uyruklu çalışanlar eliyle yürütülmekte; yaşlı bireye sağlanması gereken bakım olması gerektiği gibi verilememektedir. Özellikle son dönemde sağlık profesyonellerinin artan yaşlı nüfusa nicel olarak yeterli gelmemesi, gerekli bakımın yapılması konusunda eksiklikler yaşanmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu eksikliğin tekniker düzeyinde sağlanabileceğinden hareketle, yaşlı bakım teknikerleri yetiştirilmeye başlanmış, sahadaki boşluk eğitimli personelle doldurulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Keywords

• Sosyal Politika
• Yaşlı Bakım Hizmetleri
• Yaşlı Bakım Teknikeri
• Sağlık Hizmetleri

Ethical Statement

Makale derleme makale olduğu için etik kurul izni bulunmamaktadır.

AN OVERVIEW OF ELDERLY CARE TECHNICIANS IN ELDERLY CARE SERVICES AS A SOCIAL POLICY FIELD

Abstract

Abstract As in the rest of the world, in Turkey, the ageing population has become an issue that needs to be focused on. Elderly care service includes a social, economic and psychological process. Social policy, elderly care services are carried out by nursing and daycare homes. However, since placing elderly individuals in nursing homes is not a widely accepted approach under the traditional family structure in Turkey, care services are primarily provided in the elderly person's own home or their children's. In addition, the participation of women in working life mainly results in the elderly individuals at home being cared for by a newcomer woman, and this care service is often carried out by people who have not received the necessary training in elderly care and often by foreign national employees; accordingly, the care that should be supplied to the elderly is not provided proficiently. Particularly in the present, the lack of sufficient quantitative health professionals to meet the increasing elderly population causes deficiencies in providing the necessary care. Considering that this deficiency can be met at the technician level, geriatric care technician training programmes are being initiated, and the gap in this field is being filled with trained personnel shortly.

Keywords

• Social Policy
• Elderly Care Services
• Geriatric Care Technician
• Health Services

References

1. Ministry of Family and Social Policies (MoFSP) (2018). Services for the elderly, institutional elderly care and the situation of the provinces in Institutional Elderly Care in Turkey. Ankara.
2. Aiken RL. (1995). Ageing. An introduction to Gerontology. Thousand Oaks, CA USA. Sage Publications, 2nd Ministry of Family and Social Services, General Directorate of Disabled and Elderly Services, Access Date: 15.06.2023 https://www.aile.gov.tr/haberler/huzurevleri-26-bin-cinarin-yuvasioldu/#:~:text=%C5%9Eubat%202022%20prestige%C4%B1yla%2017 %20thousand,belonging%20total%20452%,()
3. Akçay, C. (2015). Old age and retirement, Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
4. Akgün, S., Bakar, C., Budakolğu, I.İ., (2004). Elderly population trends, problems and improvement suggestions in the world and Turkey", Turkish Journal of Geriatrics, Volume: 7(2), p. 105-110.
5. Arpacı, F. (2005). Old age in its different dimensions. Ankara: Turkish Pensioners Association.
6. Attanasio O.P., Pistaferri L. (2016). Consumption inequality. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 30(2): 3–28.
7. Başol, R. Ö. (2019). The outlook of the elderly population in Türkiye and EU countries. Kocaeli University Journal of Social Sciences, (37), pp. 35–46.
8. Beğen, T., Yavuzer, H. (2012). Old age and aging epidemiology. Clinical Development, 25(3), 1-3.

9. United Nations. (2002). Political declaration and Madrid International Plan of Action on Aging. United Nations, New York.
10. Bölüktaş, R. P. (2019). Theories of aging and geriatric assessment. Istanbul.
11. Canbaz, S, Sunter AT, Dabak S. and Peksen Y. (2003). The prevalence of chronic diseases and quality of life in elderly people in Samsun. Turk J Med Sci, 33:335-340.
12. Çohaz, Abdurrahman. (2010). “Care Services Offered to the Elderly and Elderly in Turkey”, Academic Geriatrics, 122-126.
13. Dinç, L., (2010). The concept of caring and Its moral component (Review), Ankara, Faculty of Health Sciences Nursing Journal, 74–82.
14. Eyüboğlu, C., Şişli, Z. and Kartal, M. (2012). The psychological dimension of old age in the life cycle. Turkish Family Physician, 3(1), 18-22.
15. Gökbayrak, Ş. (2009). Transformation of the welfare state and migrant women, the invisible laborers of care services. Work and Society, 21(2), 55-81.
16. Imberly, CK, Dana DM. (2006). Using the SF-36 to determine perceived health-related quality of life in rural idaho seniors. Journal of Allied Health, 35: 156-161.
17. Kalaycıoğlu, S., Tol, U. U., Küçükural, Ö., & Cengiz, K. (2003). Lifestyle preferences for the elderly and their relatives. Reports of the Turkish Academy of Sciences, 5, 7-31.
18. Kalyoncuo, S. & Kartın, P. T. (2021). Active aging and nursing care, ERÜ Faculty of Health Sciences Journal, 8(1), 26-32.
19. Mandıracıoğlu, A. (2010). Demographic characteristics of the elderly in the world and Turkey. Aegean Medical Journal, 49(3), 39- 45.
20. McGuinn K. K. Mosher-Ashley P. M. (2002). Children's fears about personal aging. Educational Gerontology, 28:7, pp. 561–575.
21. OECD (1992). Organization for economic co-operation and development. ageing populations: social policy implications. OEDC
22. Onarcan, M. (2012). Current situation in home health and care services and recommendations for the future. II. Elderly Care Models and Rehabilitation Tourism Congress with International Participation and III. Geriatric Physiotherapy Congress. Izmir. 179–186.
23. Pekçetin, S. (2018). The effect of education on the attitudes of third year physiotherapy and rehabilitation students towards the elderly. Celal Bayar University Health Sciences Institute Journal, 5(3), 59–63.
24. Ministry of Health (2005) "Regulation on the provision of home care services"
25. Sarsılmaz, H. & Fadıloğlu, Ç. (2015). Burnout in home care nurses. Acıbadem University Journal of Health Sciences, 6, 13-20.
26. Ek,S., İlhanlı, H., Kahraman, S. Ö. (2020). The weak link of COVID-19: The Elderly Population. Turkish Geography Journal, (76), 33-44.
27. Suhonen, R., Gustafsson, M.L., Katajisto, J., Välimäki M., Leino-Kilpi, H. (2010). Nurses' perceptions of individualized care. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(5), 1035- 1046
28. Sundström, G. and Johansson L. (2005). The changing balance of government and family in care for the elderly in Sweden and other European Countries. Australasian Journal on Aging, 24 (5-11).
29. Tomanbay, I. (2002). Social rehabilitation-social geriatrics. In Yeşim Gökçe Çözüm (Ed.), Geriatrics. Ankara: Turgut. 248–259.
30. TURKSTAT (2022). Turkish statistical institute, elderly people with statistics, Access Date: 16.06.2023, www.tuik.gov.tr /PdfGetir.do?id=27595 ()
31. TURKSTAT (2022). Address-based population registration system, Access Date: 16.06.2023, https:// data.tuik.gov.tr /Bulten/Index?p=Adrese-Dayali-Nufus-Kayit-Sistemi-Sonuclari-2021-45500.
32. Tümerdem, Y. (2006). Real age, Turkish Journal of Geriatrics, 9(3), 195–196.
33. Uncu Y, Özçakır A, Sadıkoğlu G, Alper Z et al.(2002). Socio-demographic characteristics and health screening results of Bursa nursing home elderly people. Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine Journal, 28:65-9.
34. Uyanık Y, Başyiğit R. (2018). The outlook of the elderly population within the demographic structure and policy examples in the perspective of the active aging approach. Business and Life Journal, 4 (8).
35. Uzunhasanoğlu, G. (2022). Spiritual care in nursing services, İksad Publishing House, Ankara.
36. WHO (2018). Aging and health. (2018). Access Date:02.07.2023, https://www.who.int /newsroom/fact-sheets/detail /ageing-and-health.
37. Pison G. (2009). Population ageing will be faster in the South than in the North. Population & Societies No.457: 1-4. http://www.ined.fr/fichier/t_publication/1468/publi_ pdf2_pesa457.2.pdf (accessed on November 2009)
38. Yılmazer, A. (2013). Demographic changes in the elderly in the world and Turkey, in Altındiş M. (ed.) Current Health Problems and Care in the Elderly, (1–8) Istanbul: Istanbul Medicine Bookstore.
39. Access Date: 03.07.2023, https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=7542&Mev zuatTur=7&MevzuatTerti Access Date: 03.12.2023, https://yokatlas.yok.gov.tr/onlisans-program.php?b=30123.