ARTICLE WRITING RULES

Articles to be submitted to our journal should be prepared according to the “Article Template”. Click here to access the article template.

1. Title
Each article should have a title in the language in which it is written, in Turkish and English. It should be short, clear and adequately reflect the content of the article, should be written in capital letters and bold, and should not exceed twenty words. 14 Punto.

2. Author Name(s) and Address(es): 10 pt.
In the middle of the title of the article, the full surname should be written in capital letters, and the title, institution and e-mail address of the author should be specified.

3. Abstract and Keywords
The Turkish abstract should reflect the purpose, scope and results of the study. The abstract should be at least one 150 and at most 300 words in length, and Turkish keywords of at least 3 and at most 5 words should be written one line below the abstract. The abstract, title and keywords should also be in English. Articles written in a foreign language should include the title, abstract and keywords in Turkish, English and the language of writing. Care should be taken to avoid language mistakes in foreign language abstracts. 10 pt.

4. Main Text
Manuscripts should be written using Microsoft Word software program and should not exceed twenty pages. The page structure should be in A4 size, margins should be 3 cm from the right, left, top and bottom, with a line spacing of 14 nk, aligned on both sides, and the space between paragraphs should be 14 nk before and after, and the page number should be given at the bottom right of the page. Times New Roman font should be used in the article. Paragraphs should be indented 1.25 at the beginning. Line spacing should be “ONE”. Punctuation marks should be written adjacent to the words before them. A one-letter space should be left after these marks. 12 point font. The work must comply with the rules of grammar. The most recent TDK Spelling Guide should be taken as a basis in the use of punctuation marks, spelling of words and abbreviations in the article, a clear and simple way of expression should be followed, and unnecessary information that goes beyond the purpose and scope should not be included. In the preparation of the article, valid scientific methods should be followed, and information such as the subject, purpose, scope, rationale for preparation, etc. should be given sufficiently and in a certain order.
An article should include an abstract, sections of the main text, bibliography and appendices (if any). Whether or not to use headings such as “Introduction” and “Conclusion” depends on the type of study and the necessity of the subject. However, the article should have a conclusion paragraph. “Conclusion” should be in accordance with the purpose and scope of the research and should be given in main lines and concisely. Issues not mentioned in the text should not be included in the “conclusion”. Main, intermediate and sub-headings can be used to provide a certain order.

Main headings: All capital letters and bold. 14 pt.
Subheadings: All in bold; however, the first letter of each word should be capitalized and a carriage return should be made at the end of the title. 12 pt.
Subheadings: All will be written in bold; however, the first letter in the first word of the title will be capitalized, the first letter of the following word(s) will be lowercase, and a carriage return will be made at the end of the title. 10 pt.
Figures, tables and photographs: Figures, tables and photographs should not extend beyond the writing area, and each should be placed on a separate page if necessary. Figures and tables should be numbered and titled in Turkish and English according to their content. Numbers and titles should be written below the figures and above the tables, with only the first letters of the words capitalized, and should be drawn in black ink on tracing or white paper with smooth and sufficient line thickness to avoid difficulties in reduction and printing. Tables should be made with the table command in the “WORD” program. In mandatory cases, “EXCEL” tables can be used. When necessary, explanatory footnotes or abbreviations should be given immediately below the figures and tables. In addition, the rules specified for figures should be followed. It is preferred that figures, tables and illustrations do not exceed ten pages. Figures, tables and illustrations should be placed in their places in the text, provided that they can be printed verbatim. 10 font size.

Referencing (Citations): References to be made in the article should be given immediately after the relevant place, in parentheses, in order of the surname of the author, the year of publication of the work and the page number. Example: (Alsu, 2017: 28)
• In cases where more than one source is to be cited, the works are listed in the same parenthesis, from the oldest dated to the most recent, separated by semicolons. Example: (Alsu, 2017: 12; Emek, 2016: 28)
• In references with two authors, a hyphen (-) is placed between them. In references with more than two authors, the abbreviation “et al.” should be used after the surname of the first author. Examples: (Alsu-Emek 2003: 15), (Alsu, et al. 2017: 25)
• Two works by the same author published in the same year are distinguished by adding a letter to the year of publication. Examples: (İlhan 2003a: 25), (İlhan 2003b: 58)
• The works of two authors with the same surname published in the same year are indicated by writing the first letters of their first names. Examples: (Demir, A. 2003: 46), (Demir, H. 2003: 27)
• When citing an inaccessible publication in the text, this source and the work cited should be indicated as follows: Example: (as cited in Köprülü 1911: 75; Çelik 1998: 25)
• When citing a manuscript, the abbreviation [yz.] should be placed after the name of the author or translator, the leaf number should be indicated as in the example, and the full colophon should be shown in the bibliography. Example: (Ahmadī, [yz.] 1410: 7b)
• When citing archival documents, the abbreviation in the text should be as in the example, and the abbreviation should be given in the bibliography. Example: (BCA, Mühimme 15: 25)

Footnotes: Footnotes are used only for mandatory explanations and are given automatically with the “FOOTNOTE” command. The citations here should be arranged with the surname of the author, the year of publication of the work and the page number in parentheses. Example: (Alsu, 2017: 15)
Quotations: Quotations made verbatim in the article should be given in quotation marks and the source should be indicated in parentheses at the end of the quotation. Quotations of less than five lines should be italicized between sentences, and quotations longer than five lines should be italicized as a block, 1 cm from the right and left of the page. Non-verbatim quotations should be cited only in parentheses at the end.

Bibliography: All sources used in the article should be included in the “Bibliography”, even if they are related to the subject of the article, documents and works not mentioned in the article should not be included in the bibliography. References should be given alphabetically at the end of the main text according to the surnames of the authors (the author's name is taken as basis for those before the surname law). Titles of works should be italicized.

Book:
Öztürk, S. (2004). Macro Economics. Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları.

Book chapter:
Muecke, M. A. (1994). On the evaluation of ethnographies. In J. M. Morse (Ed.) Critical issues in qualitative research: 187-209. London: Sage.

Journal:
Alsu, E. and Öztürk, S. (2009). Economic Outlook: Basic Economic Outlook for Southeastern Anatolia Region. Ekobakış: Journal of Economic Research, 45 (2): 15-20.

E-journal:
Drichoutis, A. C., Lazaridis, P. and Nayga, R. M. Jr. (2006). Consumers' use of nutritional labels: A review of research studies and issues. Academy of Marketing Science Review (e-journal), 2006 (9): http://www.amsreview.org/articles/drichoutis09-2006.pdf, (02.09.2011).

Thesis:
Alsu, E. (2007). The Effect of Capital Structure on Profitability and Continuity. Application on BIST 100. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis. Hasan Kalyoncu University, Institute of Social Sciences, Gaziantep.

Symposium and congress papers:
Alsu, E. and Taşdemir, A. (2009). Foreign direct investment and export in Turkey: The period of 1991-2008. EconAnadolu 2009: Anatolian International Economics Congress, June 17-19, 2009, Eskisehir, Turkey.

Internet address:
University of Georgia (year of publication if available). “Points of pride”, http://www.uga.edu/profile/pride.html, (date accessed).

Reports:
CBRT (1995). Annual Report. www.tcmb.gov.tr, (01.05.2011). or Bikmen, F. and Meydanoğlu, Z. (2006). Civil society in Turkey: a process of change. International Civil Society Index Project Turkey Country Report. Istanbul: Tüsev Publications No: 39.

Internet article:
Suronovic, M. S. (2005). International finance theory and policy. http://internationalecon.com/Finance/Fch70/Fch70.php, (date of access).

Internet paper:
June 17-19, 2009, Eskisehir,
Turkey. http://econ.anadolu.edu.tr/fullpapers/Temiz_Gokmen_econanadolu2009.pdf, (date of access).

(APA) spelling rules should be taken as basis for other issues not specified regarding the writing of the article and citations. The 6th version of APA should be the version that authors should take into account. (For a detailed guide, see https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/).

Ethical Principles
Our journal has adopted the International Ethical Publishing Principles published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ).

Actions Contrary to Scientific Research and Publication Ethics (Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive)
a) Plagiarism: Representing the original ideas, methods, data or works of others as one's own work in whole or in part without citation in accordance with scientific rules,
b) Forgery: Using non-existent or falsified data in scientific research,
c) Distortion: Falsifying research records or data obtained, falsifying devices or materials not used in the research, falsifying or shaping the results of the research in line with the interests of the persons and organizations receiving support,
ç) Republishing: Presenting duplicate publications as separate publications for academic appointments and promotions,
d) Slicing: Dividing the results of a research into parts in a way that disrupts the integrity of the research and inappropriately and publishing them in more than one number and presenting these publications as separate publications in academic appointments and promotions,
e) Unfair authorship: Including or excluding people who have not made active contributions, changing the order of authors in an unjustified and inappropriate manner, removing the names of those who have made active contributions from the work in subsequent editions, using one's influence to have one's name included among the authors even though one has not made active contributions,

(2) Other types of ethical violations are as follows
a) Failing to specify the persons, institutions or organizations providing support and their contributions in the publications made as a result of the researches conducted with support,
b) Using theses or studies that have not yet been submitted or defended and accepted as a source without the permission of the owner,
c) Failure to comply with ethical rules in research on humans and animals, and failure to respect patient rights in publications,
ç) Violating the provisions of the relevant legislation in human biomedical research and other clinical research,
d) Sharing the information contained in a work that he/she has been assigned to examine with others before publication without the express permission of the author,
e) To misuse the resources, spaces, facilities and devices provided or allocated for scientific research,
f) Making baseless, unwarranted and intentional allegations of ethical violations,
g) Publishing data obtained in surveys and attitude surveys conducted within the scope of a scientific study without obtaining the explicit consent of the participants or, if the research is to be conducted in an institution, without obtaining the permission of the institution,
h) To harm animal health and ecological balance in research and experiments,
ı) Failure to obtain the necessary permissions in writing from the authorized units in research and experiments before starting the studies.
i) Conducting research and experiments contrary to the provisions of the legislation or international conventions to which Turkey is a party regarding the relevant research and experiments.
j) Failure by researchers and authorities to comply with the obligation to inform and warn those concerned about possible harmful practices related to the scientific research conducted,
k) Not using the data and information obtained from other persons and institutions in scientific studies to the extent and in the manner permitted, not respecting the confidentiality of this information and not ensuring its protection,
l) Making false or misleading statements regarding scientific research and publications in academic appointments and promotions,

Protection of Personal Data of Participants
Our journal requires that all research involving personal or sensitive data or materials relating to human participants that are not legally publicly available be subject to formal ethical review.
Ethical Violation Notifications
Readers can send an e-mail to contact.alfarabi@iksad.org.tr if they notice a significant error or inaccuracy in an article published in our journal or if they have any complaints about the editorial content (plagiarism, duplicate articles, etc.). We welcome submissions and respond quickly and constructively, as they provide an opportunity for improvement.

Correction, Retraction, Expression of Concern
Editors may consider publishing a correction if minor errors are identified in the published article that do not affect the findings, interpretations and conclusions. In the case of major errors/violations that invalidate findings and conclusions, editors should consider retracting the article. COPE guidelines regarding correction, retraction or expression of concern are taken into account.

Plagiarism Check
Our journal scans all submitted articles to prevent plagiarism. Studies submitted for review are checked for plagiarism using the software Intihal.net. The similarity rate is expected to be less than 20%. The main measure of similarity is the author's compliance with the citation and citation rules. If the similarity rate appears to be 1%, but the citation and quotation are not properly cited and quoted, plagiarism may still be in question.

Conflict of Interest
Authors should clearly declare any financial or other significant conflicts of interest that may influence their findings or interpretations in their manuscript.

Financial Support
Authors should clearly declare the financial support provided by any organization within the scope of their work in the text of the article.

ETHICS COMMITTEE APPROVAL
Our journal requires that the relevant ethics committee decision must be obtained for all studies in all disciplines that require ethics committee permission. In this context, information about the ethics committee approval (name of the committee, date and decision number) should be clearly stated in the text of the article. In case reports, the information that the informed consent form has been obtained must be included in the article.
In line with the regulations implemented by Ulakbim TR Index since 2020, studies that do not have ethics committee permission are not evaluated in our journal.

Studies Requiring Ethics Committee Approval
In our journal, researches that require ethics committee permission include the following studies:
• All research conducted with qualitative or quantitative approaches that involve collecting data from participants through methods such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, observations, experiments and interview techniques,
• Studies in which humans and animals (including materials or data) are used for experimental or other scientific purposes,
• Clinical trials conducted on humans,
• Scientific research on animals,
• Retrospective studies within the framework of the Personal Data Protection Law.
In order for such studies to be included in the evaluation, the relevant ethics committee permissions must be obtained and these permissions must be clearly stated in the text of the article.

NOTE: Scientific research on humans and animals must be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and ARRIVE guidelines and approval must be obtained from the relevant ethics committee.

Responsibilities of Stakeholders

1- Responsibilities of the Publisher
• Ensure transparency and impartiality in the publication process.
• Take necessary measures to prevent fraudulent, misleading or unethical publications.
• Ensure the correct functioning of the double blind review system (the identities of authors and reviewers should be kept confidential from each other).
• Supervising the reviewers to ensure that the evaluation process is objective and fair.
•To check plagiarism and prevent ethical violations.
• Storing all issues of the journal with accessible and long-term archiving systems.

2- Responsibilities of Editors
• Managing an impartial and fair editorial process.
• Preventing conflicts of interest and taking independent decisions.
• Pre-evaluating manuscripts for scientific relevance and scope.
• Appointing expert and impartial referees and ensuring the healthy progress of the refereeing process.
• Reviewing referee reports meticulously and ensuring academic dialog between authors and referees.
• Detecting and preventing ethical problems such as plagiarism, data manipulation, and unfair authorship.
• Managing retraction and correction processes.
• Impartially reviewing complaints and appeals and making corrections when necessary.

3- Responsibilities of Authors
• Presenting original and authentic work and not plagiarizing.
• Give proper attribution when citing other works (to avoid ethical violations and plagiarism).
• Avoid falsifying, manipulating or distorting data.
• Not adding people who did not contribute to the article as authors (avoiding unfair authorship).
• To acknowledge the authorship of everyone who contributed to the study.
• Clearly indicate conflicts of interest.
• Not submitting the same article to more than one journal (no multiple submission violation).
• Not to re-publish a previously published work.
• Responding to referee evaluations in a timely and academic manner.
• To consider revision requests from referees or editors and make the necessary corrections.
• Informing the editor when an error is noticed in the article and publishing a correction if necessary.
• In case of significant ethical violations, initiate the process of retracting the article.

4- Responsibilities of Referees
• To be impartial, objective and fair in the evaluation process.
• To comply with confidentiality regarding the refereeing process and not to share the content of the article with third parties.
• To evaluate the articles within the framework of scientific competence, originality and ethical rules.
• Accepting or declining the referee invitation on time and not delaying the evaluation process.
• If there is any academic or personal relationship with the author(s), to inform the editor and withdraw from the evaluation.

Publication Policy
1. Al Farabi International Journal of Social Sciences is a peer-reviewed international academic journal published twice a year (June-December). Al Farabi-Injosos is published by the Institute of Economic Development and Social Research.
2. The aim of the journal is to promote theoretical and research-oriented studies and to encourage the exchange of academic research nationally and internationally. Our journal is an open access journal for the free flow and dissemination of knowledge.
3. The journal accepts manuscripts in English, Turkish, Chinese, Russian and Kazakh.
4. Manuscripts submitted to Al Farabi should not have been published in any other medium before and should not be in the publication evaluation process of another publication organ when added to the system.
5. Those who wish to submit manuscripts for publication in Al Farabi must register their manuscripts through the Online Manuscript Submission button and submit them through the system.
6. All processes from the submission of the application to the publication of the manuscript are carried out electronically.
7. The copyrights of the published works belong to the authors. Authors give permission for the intellectual work they submit to be published by our journal under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.
8. Our journal believes that for open access to work effectively, user rights and copyright ownership through licensing must be clear. The journal's open access articles are licensed as Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
9. Articles published in our journal are digitally archived in LOCKSS. Articles published in our journal can be accessed free of charge at https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/farabi/archive.
10. Any legal, juridical, economic and ethical responsibility that may arise from the articles submitted to Al Farabi belongs to the authors, even if the article in question is published. The journal does not accept any liability.