ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ ARGÜMANTASYON DÜZEYLERİNİN VE ARGÜMAN OLUŞTURMA SÜRECİNDE YAPTIKLARI HATALARIN BELİRLENMESİ
Year 2020,
Volume: 30 Issue: 1, 119 - 135, 31.01.2020
Fatma Torun
,
Esra Açıkgül Fırat
Abstract
Bu
araştırmanın amacı, fen bilgisi ve sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının
argümantasyon düzeylerini ve argüman oluşturma sürecindeki hatalarını
belirlemektir. Bu amaçla, çalışma nitel araştırma yaklaşımı kullanılarak
yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını Sosyal Bilgiler ve Fen Bilgisi
Öğretmenliği Bölümü’nde öğrenim gören 80 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır.
Araştırmada veriler çevre kirliliğine ait ikilemler içeren senaryo aracılığıyla
toplanmıştır. Araştırmada öğretmen adaylarının argümantasyon düzeylerini
belirlemek için “Argümantasyon Değerlendirme Ölçeği” kullanılarak veriler
analiz edilmiştir. Öğretmen adaylarının argüman oluştururken yaptıkları
hataları belirlemek amacıyla ise betimsel analiz kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan
elde edilen sonuçlara göre öğretmen adaylarının %
6’sı hiç argüman üretmezken; % 30’unun oluşturdukları argümanlarda iddia, veri,
gerekçe ve destekleyici bileşenlerini kullandıkları ancak çürütücü
kullanmadıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarının % 64’ü ise
argümanlarında diğer bileşenlere ek olarak çürütücüde kullanmışlardır. Analizler
bileşenlerin doğru kullanımı açısından incelendiğinde ise öğretmen adaylarının
% 37’sinin gerekçe, % 25’inin veri, % 23’ünün iddia ve % 15’inin çürütücü
bileşenlerinin kullanımına ilişkin hata yaptıkları tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
References
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- Cho, K. & Jonassen, D. H. (2002). The effects of argumentation scaffolds on argumentation and problem solving. Educational Technology Research and Development,50(3), 5-22.
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- Dawson, V. ve Schibeci, R. (2003). Western Australian school students’ understanding of biotechnology. International Journal of Science Education. 25(1), 57-69.
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- Erduran, S., & Jiménez-Aleixandre, M. P. (2008). Argumentation in science education. Perspectives from classroom-Based Research. Dordre-cht: Springer.
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- Fırat, S., Gürbüz, R., & Doğan, M. F. (2016). Öğrencilerin Bilgisayar Destekli Argümantasyon Ortaminda Olasiliksal Tahminlerinin Incelenmesi. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24, 906-944.
- Fischer, C. T. (Ed.). (2005). Qualitative research methods for psychologists: Introduction through empirical studies. Academic Press.
- Freeley, A. J.,& Steinberg, D. L., (2013). Argumentation and debate, critical thinking for reasoned decision making. Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
- Fox, J., Krause, P. & Elvang-Goransson, M. (1993). Argumentation as a general framework foruncertain reasoning. Eds.: D. Heckerman, A., Mamdani, In.Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, pp. 428-434. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
- Fraenkel, J., Wallen, N., and Hyun, H.H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education. (8th ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill.
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- Jimenez-Aleixandre, M., Rodriguez, A., & Duschl, R. (2000). "Doing the lesson" or "doing science": Argument in high school genetics. Science Education,84(6), 757-792.
- Jonassen, D. H. & Kim, B. (2010). Arguing to learn and learning to argue: Design justifications and guidelines. Education Technology Research & Development,58(4), 439-457.
- Kelly, G., Druker, S., & Chen, C. (1998). Students' reasoning about electricity: Combining performance assessments with argumentation analysis. International Journal of Science Education, 20(7), 849-871.
- Kolsto, S. D. (2001). Scientific literacy for citizenship: Tools for dealing with controversial, socio-scientific issues. Science Education, 85 (3), 291-310.
- Kuhn, D.,& Udell, W., (2003). The development of argument skills. Child Development,74(5), 1245–1260.
- Kuhn, D., Hemberger, L., & Khait, V. (2015). Tracing the Development of Argumentive Writing in a Discourse-Rich Context. Written Communication, 33(1), 92–121. doi:10.1177/0741088315617157.
- Kuhn, D., (2010). Teaching and learning science as argument. Science Education, 94(5), 810-824.
- Lawson, A.E., (2003). The nature and development of hypothetico-predictive argumentation with implications for science teaching. International Journal of Science Education, 25, 1387– 1408.
- McNeill, K. L. (2010). Explanations, Arguments and Evidence in Science, Science Class and the Everyday Lives of Fifth Grade Students. In annual meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, Philadelphia, USA.
- McNeill, K. L. & Krajcik, J. (2012). Supporting grade 5-8 students in constructing explanations in science: The claim, evidence and reasoning framework for talk and writing. New York, NY: Pearson Allynve Bacon.
- MEB. (2018). Fen Bilimleri Dersi Öğretim Programı (İlkokul ve Ortaokul 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ve 8. Sınıflar), Talim Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı, Ankara.
- MEB, (2018). Sosyal bilgiler öğretim programı. Talim Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı, Ankara.
- Osborne, J., Erduran, S. ve Simon S. (2004). Enhancing the Quality of Argumentation in School Science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 41 (10), 994-1020.
- Patton, M. Q. (1999). Enhancing the quality and credibility of qualitative analysis. Health services research, 34(5), 1189-1209.
- Sadler, T. D. ve Donnely, L. A. (2006). Socioscientific Argumentation:The effects of content knowledge and morality. International Journal of Science Education. 28 (12), 1463-1488.
- Sampson, V., & Clark, D. B. (2008). Assessment of the ways students generate arguments in science education: Current perspectives and recommendations for future directions. Science Education, 92(3), 447-472.
- Sandoval, W. A.,& Milwood, K. A., (2005). The quality of students' use of evidence in written scientific explanations. Cognition and Instruction,23(1). 23-55.
- Soysal, Y. 2012. Sosyobilimsel Argümantasyon Kalitesine Alan Bilgisi Düzeyinin Etkisi: Genetiği Değiştirilmiş Organizmalar. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bolu.
- Thielemier, B. T., (2013). Developing emerging argumentation: Using disparate forms of evidence to create instructional inroads. Master of Arts, Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado.
- Topçu, M. S. (2008). Preservice science teachers’ informal reasoning regarding socio scientific issue and the factors influencing their informal reasoning. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
- Topçu, M. S.,Yilmaz-Tuzun, O. & Sadler, T. D. (2011). Turkish preservice science teachers’ informal reasoning regarding socio scientific issues and the factors influencing their informal reasoning. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 22(4), 313-332.
- Torun, F. (2015). Sosyal bilgiler dersinde argümantasyon temelli öğretim ve karar verme becerisi arasındaki ilişki düzeyi. Doktora Tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- Torun, F. (2019). Argümantasyon yöntemi ile kanıt kullanma becerisinin geliştirilmesi. (Ed.:Yücel Kabapınar). Kimlik belirleyen derslerde kanıt temelli öğrenme (İçinde 241-258). Ankara: Pegem akademi.
- Torun, F. & Şahin, S. (2016). Determination of Students' Argument Levels in Argumentation-Based Social Studies Course. Education and Science, 41(186), pp. 233-251.
- Toulmin, S. E., (2003). The uses of argument. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 25.02.2019 tarihinde http://johnnywalters.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/3/5/13358288/toulmin-the-uses-of-argument_1.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
- Venville, G. J. ve Dawson, V. M. (2010). The Impact of a Classroom Intervention on Grade 10 Students’ Argumentation Skills, Informal Reasoning, and Conceptual Understanding of Science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 47(8), 952- 977.
- Voss, J. R.,& Means, M. L., (1991). Learning to reason via instruction in argumentation. Learning and Instruction,7(4), 337-350.
- Walton, D., (2006). Fundamentals of critical argumentation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Wynne, C. F., Stewart, J. ve Passmore, C. (2001). High school students’ use of meiosis when solving genetics problems. International Journal of Science Education,. 23(5), 501-515.
- Yang, F. Y., & Anderson, O. R. (2003). Senior high school students’ preference and reasoning modes about nuclear energy use. International Journal of Science Education, 25, 221–244.
- Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2011). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri (Qualitative research methods in social sciences), 8th ed. Ankara: Seçkin Publications.
- Yin, R. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Zarefsky, D. (2018). The argumentative perspective. In The practice of argumentation: effective reasoning in communication (pp. 1-28). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781139540926.002.
- Zohar, A. ve Nemet, F. (2002). Fostering students’ knowledge and argumentation skills through dilemmas in human genetics. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 39(1), 35–62.
Year 2020,
Volume: 30 Issue: 1, 119 - 135, 31.01.2020
Fatma Torun
,
Esra Açıkgül Fırat
References
- Acar, Ö. (2008). Argumentation skills and conceptual knowledge of undergraduate students in a physics by inquiry class. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University, Columbus.
- Bakeman, R. and Gottman, J. M. (1997). Observing interaction: An introduction to sequential analysis. Cambridge university press.
- Chin, C. & Osborne, J. (2010). Students’ questions and discursive ınteraction: their ımpact on argumentation during collaborative group discussions in science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 47(7), 883–908.
- Cho, K. & Jonassen, D. H. (2002). The effects of argumentation scaffolds on argumentation and problem solving. Educational Technology Research and Development,50(3), 5-22.
- Crowell, A.,& Kuhn, D., (2012): Developing dialogic argumentation skills: A three-year intervention study. Journal of Cognition and Development,15(2), 363-381.
- Dawson, V. ve Schibeci, R. (2003). Western Australian school students’ understanding of biotechnology. International Journal of Science Education. 25(1), 57-69.
- Demiral, Ü., & Çepni, S. (2018). Fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının sosyobilimsel bir konudaki argümantasyon becerilerinin incelenmesi. Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1), 734-760.
- Doğan, Y. (2009). Kanıt temelli öğrenmeyi geliştiren öğrenci merkezli stratejiler ve teknikler üzerine bir derleme. (Ed.:Mustafa Safran). Sosyal bilgiler öğretimi (içinde). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
- Erduran, S., Ardac, D., & Yakmaci-Guzel, B. (2006). Learning to teach argumentation: Case studies of pre-service secondary science teachers. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 2(2), 1-14.
- Erduran, S., & Jiménez-Aleixandre, M. P. (2008). Argumentation in science education. Perspectives from classroom-Based Research. Dordre-cht: Springer.
- Erduran, S., Simon, S., & Osborne, J., (2004). TAPping into argumentation: Developments in the application of Toulmin’s argument pattern for studying science discourse. Science Education,88(6), 915-933.
- Fırat, S., Gürbüz, R., & Doğan, M. F. (2016). Öğrencilerin Bilgisayar Destekli Argümantasyon Ortaminda Olasiliksal Tahminlerinin Incelenmesi. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24, 906-944.
- Fischer, C. T. (Ed.). (2005). Qualitative research methods for psychologists: Introduction through empirical studies. Academic Press.
- Freeley, A. J.,& Steinberg, D. L., (2013). Argumentation and debate, critical thinking for reasoned decision making. Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
- Fox, J., Krause, P. & Elvang-Goransson, M. (1993). Argumentation as a general framework foruncertain reasoning. Eds.: D. Heckerman, A., Mamdani, In.Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, pp. 428-434. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
- Fraenkel, J., Wallen, N., and Hyun, H.H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education. (8th ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill.
- Goodnight, G. T., (2006). Complex cases and legitimation inference: Extending the Toulmin Model to deliberative argument in controversy. Davıd Hitchcock & Bart Verheij (Eds.), Arguing on the Toulmin Model (pp. 39-48). The Netherlands: Springer.
- Jimenez-Aleixandre, M., Rodriguez, A., & Duschl, R. (2000). "Doing the lesson" or "doing science": Argument in high school genetics. Science Education,84(6), 757-792.
- Jonassen, D. H. & Kim, B. (2010). Arguing to learn and learning to argue: Design justifications and guidelines. Education Technology Research & Development,58(4), 439-457.
- Kelly, G., Druker, S., & Chen, C. (1998). Students' reasoning about electricity: Combining performance assessments with argumentation analysis. International Journal of Science Education, 20(7), 849-871.
- Kolsto, S. D. (2001). Scientific literacy for citizenship: Tools for dealing with controversial, socio-scientific issues. Science Education, 85 (3), 291-310.
- Kuhn, D.,& Udell, W., (2003). The development of argument skills. Child Development,74(5), 1245–1260.
- Kuhn, D., Hemberger, L., & Khait, V. (2015). Tracing the Development of Argumentive Writing in a Discourse-Rich Context. Written Communication, 33(1), 92–121. doi:10.1177/0741088315617157.
- Kuhn, D., (2010). Teaching and learning science as argument. Science Education, 94(5), 810-824.
- Lawson, A.E., (2003). The nature and development of hypothetico-predictive argumentation with implications for science teaching. International Journal of Science Education, 25, 1387– 1408.
- McNeill, K. L. (2010). Explanations, Arguments and Evidence in Science, Science Class and the Everyday Lives of Fifth Grade Students. In annual meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, Philadelphia, USA.
- McNeill, K. L. & Krajcik, J. (2012). Supporting grade 5-8 students in constructing explanations in science: The claim, evidence and reasoning framework for talk and writing. New York, NY: Pearson Allynve Bacon.
- MEB. (2018). Fen Bilimleri Dersi Öğretim Programı (İlkokul ve Ortaokul 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ve 8. Sınıflar), Talim Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı, Ankara.
- MEB, (2018). Sosyal bilgiler öğretim programı. Talim Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı, Ankara.
- Osborne, J., Erduran, S. ve Simon S. (2004). Enhancing the Quality of Argumentation in School Science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 41 (10), 994-1020.
- Patton, M. Q. (1999). Enhancing the quality and credibility of qualitative analysis. Health services research, 34(5), 1189-1209.
- Sadler, T. D. ve Donnely, L. A. (2006). Socioscientific Argumentation:The effects of content knowledge and morality. International Journal of Science Education. 28 (12), 1463-1488.
- Sampson, V., & Clark, D. B. (2008). Assessment of the ways students generate arguments in science education: Current perspectives and recommendations for future directions. Science Education, 92(3), 447-472.
- Sandoval, W. A.,& Milwood, K. A., (2005). The quality of students' use of evidence in written scientific explanations. Cognition and Instruction,23(1). 23-55.
- Soysal, Y. 2012. Sosyobilimsel Argümantasyon Kalitesine Alan Bilgisi Düzeyinin Etkisi: Genetiği Değiştirilmiş Organizmalar. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bolu.
- Thielemier, B. T., (2013). Developing emerging argumentation: Using disparate forms of evidence to create instructional inroads. Master of Arts, Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado.
- Topçu, M. S. (2008). Preservice science teachers’ informal reasoning regarding socio scientific issue and the factors influencing their informal reasoning. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
- Topçu, M. S.,Yilmaz-Tuzun, O. & Sadler, T. D. (2011). Turkish preservice science teachers’ informal reasoning regarding socio scientific issues and the factors influencing their informal reasoning. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 22(4), 313-332.
- Torun, F. (2015). Sosyal bilgiler dersinde argümantasyon temelli öğretim ve karar verme becerisi arasındaki ilişki düzeyi. Doktora Tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- Torun, F. (2019). Argümantasyon yöntemi ile kanıt kullanma becerisinin geliştirilmesi. (Ed.:Yücel Kabapınar). Kimlik belirleyen derslerde kanıt temelli öğrenme (İçinde 241-258). Ankara: Pegem akademi.
- Torun, F. & Şahin, S. (2016). Determination of Students' Argument Levels in Argumentation-Based Social Studies Course. Education and Science, 41(186), pp. 233-251.
- Toulmin, S. E., (2003). The uses of argument. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 25.02.2019 tarihinde http://johnnywalters.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/3/5/13358288/toulmin-the-uses-of-argument_1.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
- Venville, G. J. ve Dawson, V. M. (2010). The Impact of a Classroom Intervention on Grade 10 Students’ Argumentation Skills, Informal Reasoning, and Conceptual Understanding of Science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 47(8), 952- 977.
- Voss, J. R.,& Means, M. L., (1991). Learning to reason via instruction in argumentation. Learning and Instruction,7(4), 337-350.
- Walton, D., (2006). Fundamentals of critical argumentation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Wynne, C. F., Stewart, J. ve Passmore, C. (2001). High school students’ use of meiosis when solving genetics problems. International Journal of Science Education,. 23(5), 501-515.
- Yang, F. Y., & Anderson, O. R. (2003). Senior high school students’ preference and reasoning modes about nuclear energy use. International Journal of Science Education, 25, 221–244.
- Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2011). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri (Qualitative research methods in social sciences), 8th ed. Ankara: Seçkin Publications.
- Yin, R. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Zarefsky, D. (2018). The argumentative perspective. In The practice of argumentation: effective reasoning in communication (pp. 1-28). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781139540926.002.
- Zohar, A. ve Nemet, F. (2002). Fostering students’ knowledge and argumentation skills through dilemmas in human genetics. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 39(1), 35–62.