Küresel ve Ulusal Düzeyde İklim Yönetişimi

Öz

Küresel toplumun karşı karşıya olduğu en kritik sorunlardan biri olan iklim değişikliği tüm yaşam formlarını tehdit etmekte, sosyal ve ekonomik adaletsizlikleri derinleştirmekte ve temel insan haklarını zayıflatmaktadır. 1990’larla birlikte iklim değişikliğine kolektif çözüm arayışları uluslararası toplumu ortak bir zeminde buluşturmuştur. Bu doğrultuda ilk olarak küresel düzeyde iş birliğini gerekli kılan iklim değişikliğiyle mücadele çabaları, bu ortaklığın getirdiği sorumlulukların ulusal boyuta taşınmasıyla gelişim göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın konusu Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi temelinde oluşturulan küresel iş birliği ile bu iş birliğinin taraflarından biri olan Türkiye’nin iklim değişikliğiyle mücadelesidir. Çalışmada iklim değişikliğiyle mücadele küresel iklim yönetişiminin etkili ve hakkaniyet temelinde işleyip işlemediği sorgulanmakta ve bu çerçevede Türkiye’nin küresel mücadeleye katkısı yanında ulusal iklim yönetişiminin yapısının ortaya konması da amaçlanmaktadır. Buna göre küresel ve ulusal boyutta yasal düzenlemeler, kurallar, ilkeler, mekanizmalar, araçlar, kurumlar, politikalar incelenmiştir. Kuramsal olan çalışma, küresel ve ulusal boyutta iklim değişikliğiyle mücadeleyi yönetişim bağlamında eleştirel bir perspektifle ele alması ile dikkat çekmektedir. 1990 ve 2022 yılları arasını kapsayan çalışma ile küresel iklim yönetişiminin iklim değişikliğiyle mücadelede yeterli olmadığı ve hakkaniyet temelinde işlemediği, ulusal düzeydeki çabaları yetersiz kalan Türkiye’nin küresel mücadeleye de kayda değer bir katkı sağlamadığı sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İklim Değişikliğiyle Mücadele
• İklim Yönetişimi
• Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi
• İklim Adaleti

Climate Governance on Global and National Scales

Abstract

A critical challenge facing the global community, climate change threatens all forms of life, deepens social and economic injustices, and undermines fundamental human rights. Starting in the 1990s, the search for collective solutions to climate change brought the international community together on a common platform. In this regard, efforts to combat climate change, initially requiring global cooperation, have evolved as the responsibilities arising from this partnership have been transferred to the national level. Within this framework, the subject of the study is the global cooperation established under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Türkiye's efforts to combat climate change as one of the parties to this cooperation. The study aims to assess whether global climate governance is effective and equitable, while examining Türkiye's contributions to the global effort and analyzing the structure of its national climate governance. Accordingly, legal frameworks, rules, principles, mechanisms, instruments, institutions, and policies on both a global and national scale have been analyzed. As a theoretical study, it is noteworthy for approaching climate change mitigation efforts at both the global and national levels from a critical governance perspective. Extending from 1990 to 2022, the study concludes that global climate governance has been inadequate in combating climate change and has failed to operate on an equitable basis. Furthermore, it finds that Türkiye’s national efforts have remained insufficient and that the country has not made a considerable contribution to the global climate struggle.

Keywords

• Combating Climate Change
• Climate Governance
• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
• Climate Justice

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