Research Article

Modeling Asymmetric Dependencies in Turkish Agricultural Markets: A Time-Varying Copula Approach

Volume: 10 Number: 2 April 29, 2026
EN TR

Modeling Asymmetric Dependencies in Turkish Agricultural Markets: A Time-Varying Copula Approach

Abstract

This study investigates the dependence structure between Turkish agricultural commodity prices (barley, corn, grain, and wheat) and key financial variables: global crude oil prices (WTI/USD), the USD/TRY exchange rate, and local crude oil prices (WTI/TRY). The purpose is to evaluate how these relationships evolve over time and to identify the most significant financial drivers of agricultural price dynamics in Turkey. The analysis is based on daily data from August 1, 2019, to January 1, 2025. Using five copula models (Clayton, Frank, Gumbel, Gaussian, and Student’s t) and three correlation measures (Pearson, Spearman, Kendall), the study captures both linear and nonlinear dependencies across different time horizons by aggregating returns from 1 to 45 days. This multi-scale approach enables the assessment of short- and medium-term co-movements and tail dependencies. The findings reveal that dependence strengthens with longer return horizons, highlighting the growing impact of financial variables on commodity prices over time. Among the variables, WTI/TRY exhibits the strongest and most consistent dependence, especially with wheat and grain, reflecting the critical role of local energy costs in agricultural production. WTI/USD shows moderate global-level influence, while USD/TRY demonstrates weaker short-term dependence but becomes relevant in the tails over longer horizons. The t copula proves to be the most suitable model, effectively capturing both upper- and lower-tail dependence. These results have important implications for risk management, agricultural pricing, and policy decisions in energy-dependent economies.

Keywords

References

  1. Abbott, P.C., Hurt, C., & Tyner, W.E. (2008). What’s driving food prices?. Farm Foundation Issue Report, July 2008.
  2. Adam, P., Rianse, U., Harafah, Ĺ. M., Cahyono, E., & Rafiy, M. (2016). A model of the dynamics of the effect of world crude oil price and world rice price on Indonesia’s inflation rate. Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, 8(1), 3-12.
  3. Adam, P., Saidi, L. O., Tondi, L., & Sani, L. O. A. (2018). The causal relationship between crude oil price, exchange rate and rice price. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 8(1), 90-94.
  4. Bowden, N., & Payne, J. E. (2008). Short term forecasting of electricity prices for MISO hubs: Evidence from ARIMA-EGARCH models. Energy Economics, 30(6), 3186-3197.
  5. Cabrera, B. L., & Schulz, F. (2016). Volatility linkages between energy and agricultural commodity prices. Energy Economics, 54, 190-203.
  6. Campiche, J. L., Bryant, H. L., Richardson, J. W., & Outlaw, J. L. (2007). Examining the evolving correspondence between petroleum prices and agricultural commodity prices.
  7. Chen, Z., Yan, B., & Kang, H. (2022). Dynamic correlation between crude oil and agricultural futures markets. Review of Development Economics, 26(3), 1798-1849.
  8. Çınar, G. (2023). Effect of monetary indicators on agricultural prices: Evidence from Turkiye. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(2), 247-254.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Econometric and Statistical Methods, Economic Models and Forecasting

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

April 29, 2026

Submission Date

June 6, 2025

Acceptance Date

March 18, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 10 Number: 2

APA
Yerli, Ç. (2026). Modeling Asymmetric Dependencies in Turkish Agricultural Markets: A Time-Varying Copula Approach. Fiscaoeconomia, 10(2), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1715402
AMA
1.Yerli Ç. Modeling Asymmetric Dependencies in Turkish Agricultural Markets: A Time-Varying Copula Approach. FSECON. 2026;10(2):1-21. doi:10.25295/fsecon.1715402
Chicago
Yerli, Çiğdem. 2026. “Modeling Asymmetric Dependencies in Turkish Agricultural Markets: A Time-Varying Copula Approach”. Fiscaoeconomia 10 (2): 1-21. https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1715402.
EndNote
Yerli Ç (April 1, 2026) Modeling Asymmetric Dependencies in Turkish Agricultural Markets: A Time-Varying Copula Approach. Fiscaoeconomia 10 2 1–21.
IEEE
[1]Ç. Yerli, “Modeling Asymmetric Dependencies in Turkish Agricultural Markets: A Time-Varying Copula Approach”, FSECON, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1–21, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.25295/fsecon.1715402.
ISNAD
Yerli, Çiğdem. “Modeling Asymmetric Dependencies in Turkish Agricultural Markets: A Time-Varying Copula Approach”. Fiscaoeconomia 10/2 (April 1, 2026): 1-21. https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1715402.
JAMA
1.Yerli Ç. Modeling Asymmetric Dependencies in Turkish Agricultural Markets: A Time-Varying Copula Approach. FSECON. 2026;10:1–21.
MLA
Yerli, Çiğdem. “Modeling Asymmetric Dependencies in Turkish Agricultural Markets: A Time-Varying Copula Approach”. Fiscaoeconomia, vol. 10, no. 2, Apr. 2026, pp. 1-21, doi:10.25295/fsecon.1715402.
Vancouver
1.Çiğdem Yerli. Modeling Asymmetric Dependencies in Turkish Agricultural Markets: A Time-Varying Copula Approach. FSECON. 2026 Apr. 1;10(2):1-21. doi:10.25295/fsecon.1715402
download?token=eyJ1aWQiOjEwMTE3NywiYXV0aF9yb2xlcyI6WyJST0xFX1VTRVIiXSwiZW5kcG9pbnQiOiJqb3VybmFsIiwib3JpZ2luYWxuYW1lIjoiMjAyNi0wMy0xNF8wMC0xOC01OC5wbmciLCJwYXRoIjoiNTVjMC82NjE0LzA5NGEvNjliNDdmNjNjMjdiMDUuMDA4NTE4OTUucG5nIiwiZXhwIjoxNzczNDQwMzcxLCJub25jZSI6IjMzYzNhMDczOTJhZDBiOWUxMjA4MTJlMzAwOTdlMDhjIn0.uxgvoBOu5rdPPckMLotZ4eBnzOQVB_StL3DcxMXqMSU


Fiscaoeconomia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).