Yenilenebilir Enerji Kullanımının Ekonomik ve Çevresel Performans Üzerindeki Etkisi: Seçilmiş Yükselen Ekonomiler için Panel Veri Analizi

Abstract

Bu araştırma, 1990–2022 dönemini kapsayan ve seçilmiş 22 yükselen ekonominin yıllık yenilenebilir enerji kullanımı, karbondioksit (CO₂) emisyonları ve ekonomik performans arasındaki etkileşimi panel veriler aracılığıyla incelemektedir. Araştırmada, ekonomik büyüme ile CO₂ emisyon oranlarını eş zamanlı olarak modellemek üzere iki denklem kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmanın temel unsurları; yenilenebilir enerji kullanımı, CO₂ emisyon düzeyleri ve kişi başına düşen GSYH olup, bu değişkenler ticari açıklık, doğrudan yabancı yatırım, kentleşme, sanayi üretimi ve enerji kullanımı gibi kontrol değişkenleriyle birlikte analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada, içsellik (endogeneity) ve dinamik süreklilik sorunlarını gidermek amacıyla Sabit Etkiler (Fixed Effects), Rassal Etkiler (Random Effects) ve Sistem Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Yöntemi (System GMM) olmak üzere üç tahmin yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, analizde kullanılan yükselen ekonomilerin yenilenebilir enerji kullanımının ekonomik büyümeyi desteklediğini ve CO₂ emisyonlarını azalttığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca artan karbon emisyonlarının ekonomik kalkınma üzerinde bir engel oluşturduğu ortaya konmuştur. Araştırma sonuçları, yenilenebilir enerjinin seçilmiş yükselen ekonomilerde sürdürülebilir ekonomik kalkınma ve çevresel iyileşmenin temel itici unsurlarından biri olduğunu da ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

• Yenilenebilir Enerji
• Çevre
• Hava Kirliliği.

The Impact of Renewable Energy Use on Economic and Environmental Performance: A Panel Data Analysis for Selected Emerging Economies

Abstract

The research investigates how renewable energy use, carbon dioxide emissions, and economic performance interact with each other in selected emerging countries through annual panel data, which includes 22 nations from 1990 to 2022. The research structure uses two equations to simultaneously model economic growth and CO₂ emission rates. The main study elements include renewable energy usage, CO₂ emission levels, and GDP per capita, which researchers studied together with trade openness, foreign direct investments, urban development, industrial production, and energy usage as control variables. The research employs two estimation methods, which are Fixed Effects and Random Effects, together with System Generalized Method of Moments (System GMM) to solve problems related to endogeneity and dynamic persistence. The study demonstrates that developing nations experience economic growth benefits from both renewable energy usage and reduced CO₂ emissions as a result. The research shows that increased carbon emissions create an economic development barrier. The research result also demonstrates that renewable energy functions as a principal factor that drives sustainable economic development and environmental progress in selected emerging economies.

Keywords

• Renewable Energy
• Environment
• Air Pollution.

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