EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS USING SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE: BASIC PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS

Abstract

Plant oils are highly valued for nutritional, functional, and industrial purposes, particularly due to their bioactive compounds and essential components. In this context, essential oils rich in volatile compounds are obtained using the supercritical CO₂ extraction method. In recent years, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) extraction has emerged as an advanced and environmentally friendly technique for recovering these oils. It offers advantages such as high extraction efficiency, solvent-free products, and preservation of heat-sensitive compounds. The supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method enables the selective separation of essential oils by adjusting operating parameters such as pressure and temperature. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of supercritical extraction in essential oil production, focusing on extraction yield, oil composition, and quality characteristics. Furthermore this review also, the effects of processing conditions on oil extraction yield and the functional properties of the obtained oils are discussed.

Keywords

• Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction
• essential oils
• green technology
• efficiency

Supporting Institution

No financial support was received from any institution or organization for this study.

Ethical Statement

Ethics Committee Approval: This study is a review article. It does not involve any experimental work on humans or animals. Therefore, ethics committee approval is not required. Informed Consent: Informed consent was not obtained as no human participants were involved in the study. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest related to this study. Artificial intelligence tools were used for visual enhancement during the preparation of this article. The content was carefully reviewed by the authors after use, and the authors are solely responsible for the article.

SÜPERKRİTİK KARBONDİOKSİT EKSTRAKSİYONU İLE UÇUCU YAĞLARIN ELDE EDİLMESİ: TEMEL PRENSİPLER VE UYGULAMALAR

Abstract

Bitkisel yağlar, özellikle biyoaktif bileşikler ve temel bileşenler içermeleri nedeniyle besin, işlevsel ve endüstriyel açıdan büyük değer taşımaktadır. Bu kapsamda uçucu bileşenlerce zengin uçucu yağlar süperkritik CO₂ ekstraksiyon yöntemi kullanılarak elde edilmektedir. Son yıllarda, süperkritik karbondioksit (SC-CO₂) ekstraksiyonu, bu yağların geri kazanımı için gelişmiş ve çevre dostu bir teknik olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Yüksek ekstraksiyon verimliliği, çözücü içermeyen ürünler ve ısıya duyarlı bileşiklerin korunması gibi avantajlar sunmaktadır. Süperkritik karbondioksit ekstraksiyon yöntemi, basınç ve sıcaklık gibi çalışma parametrelerinin ayarlanmasıyla uçucu yağların seçici olarak ayrılmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu derleme, ekstraksiyon verimi, yağ bileşimi ve kalite özelliklerine odaklanarak uçucu yağların üretiminde süperkritik ekstraksiyonun etkinliğini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca bu derlemede, işleme koşullarının yağ çıkarma verimi ve elde edilen yağların fonksiyonel özellikleri üzerindeki etkileri tartışılmaktadır.

Keywords

• Süperkritik karbondioksit ekstraksiyonu
• uçucu yağlar
• yeşil teknoloji
• verimlilik

Supporting Institution

Bu çalışma için herhangi bir kurum veya kuruluştan finansal destek alınmamıştır.

Ethical Statement

Etik Kurul Onayı: Bu çalışma bir derleme makalesidir. İnsan veya hayvanlar üzerinde herhangi bir deneysel çalışma içermemektedir. Bu nedenle etik kurul onayı gerekmemektedir. Bilgilendirilmiş Onam: Çalışmada insan katılımcı yer almadığından bilgilendirilmiş onam alınmamıştır. Çıkar Çatışması: Yazarlar tarafından bu çalışma ile ilgili herhangi bir çıkar çatışması bulunmadığını beyan edilmektedir. Bu makalenin hazırlanması sırasında görsel iyileştirme amacıyla yapay zekâ araçlarından yararlanılmıştır. Kullanım sonrasında içerik yazarlar tarafından dikkatle gözden geçirilmiş olup, makalenin tüm sorumluluğu yazarlara aittir.

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