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DETERMINATION OF SOME QUALITY PARAMETERS OF COMMERICAL KEFIRS

Year 2020, Volume: 45 Issue: 3, 555 - 563, 15.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD20026

Abstract

In this study, six different commerical kefir samples obtained from markets were examined. Some physicochemical (% dry matter, % fat, pH, % acidity, % water holding capacity), rheological (viscosity, consistency coefficient, flow behavior index), microbiological (lactobacilli, lactococci, yeast and mould and coliform bacteria counts) and sensory properties of the kefir samples were investigated. The sample coded as K4 had the highest viscosity (461.90 cP at 50 rpm) and consistency coefficient value (K 8.16). Water holding capacity (%38.75) and viscosity (285.87 cP at 100 rpm) values of sample K5 were the highest. The average lactobacilli, lactococci and yeast and mould counts of kefir samples were between 8.15-9.09, 8.39-9.34 and 4.38-5.37 log CFU/mL, respectively. Coliform bacteria were not detected in the samples. As a result of sensorial evaluation, all samples were scored low in terms of sensorial properties.

References

  • Anonim. (2009). Fermente Süt Ürünleri Tebliğ (Tebliğ No: 2009/25).
  • Atalar, I. (2019). Functional kefir production from high pressure homogenized hazelnut milk. Lwt- Food Science and Technology, 107: 256–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2019.03.013
  • Bensmira, M., Jiang, B. (2012). Effect of some operating variables on the microstructure and physical properties of a novel Kefir formulation. Journal of Food Engineering, 108(4): 579–584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.07.025
  • Çetinkaya, F., Mus, T. E. (2012). Determination of microbiological and chemical characteristics of kefir consumed in Bursa. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 59: 217–221. https://doi.org/10.1501/vetfak_0000002528
  • Delgado-Fernández, P., Corzo, N., Lizasoain, S., Olano, A., Moreno, F. J. (2019). Fermentative properties of starter culture during manufacture of kefir with new prebiotics derived from lactulose. International Dairy Journal, 93: 22–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.01.014
  • Demirci, M., Gündüz, H. H. (2004). Dairy technology hand book. Istanbul: Turkey: Hasad Publ.
  • Dertli, E., Çon, A. H. (2017). Microbial diversity of traditional kefir grains and their role on kefir aroma. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 85: 151–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2017.07.017
  • Farnworth, E. R. (2005). Kefir - a complex probiotic. Food Science and Technology Bulletin: Functional Foods, 2(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1616/1476-2137.13938
  • Goncu, B., Celikel, A., Guler-Akin, MB., Akin, MS. (2017). Some properties of kefir enriched with apple and lemon fiber doi: Mljekarstvo 67:208–216. doi: 10.15567/mljekarstvo.2017.0305
  • Gul, O., Atalar, I., Mortas, M., Dervisoglu, M. (2018). Rheological, textural, colour and sensorial properties of kefir produced with buffalo milk using kefir grains and starter culture: A comparison with cows’ milk kefir. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 71(March): 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0307.12503
  • Harmankaya, S., Gülbaz, G., Kamber, U. (2019). Microbiological, chemical and sensory characteristics of kefir prepared with various fruit additives. Van Veterinary Journal, 30(1): 13–18.
  • Hecer, C., Ulusoy, B., Kaynarca, D. (2019). Effect of different fermentation conditions on composition of kefir microbiota. Int Food Res J 26:401–409
  • Irigoyen, A., Arana, I., Castiella, M., Torre, P., Ibáñez, F. C. (2005). Microbiological, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics of kefir during storage. Food Chemistry, 90(4): 613–620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.04.021
  • Kalkan, S. (2019). Mikroenkapsüle Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii kullanılarak üretilen kefirin bazı kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(1): 572–580. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.435476
  • Meilgaard, M. C., Carr, B. T., Civille, G. V. (1999). Sensory Evaluation Techniques. In Boca Raton, FL:CRC Pres, Inc. (3rd ed.). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927611002686
  • Metin, M. (2009). Süt ve Mamulleri Analiz Yöntemleri. İzmir, Turkey: EÜ, Ege Meslek Yüksekokulu Yay. No: 24.
  • Nielsen, B., Gürakan, G. C., Ünlü, G. (2014). Kefir: A multifaceted fermented dairy product. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins, 6(3–4): 123–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-014-9168-0
  • Öner, Z., Karahan, A. G., Çakmakçı, M. L. (2010). Effects of different milk types and starter cultures on kefir. GIDA, 35(3): 177–182.
  • Otles, S., Cagindi, O. (2003). Kefir : A probiotic dairy-composition , nutritional and therapeutic aspects. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2(2): 54–59.
  • Steffe, J. F. (1967). Rheological Methods in Food Process Engineering (2nd ed.). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4832-3245-4.50016-9
  • Sulmiyati, Said, N. S., Fahrodi, D. U., Malaka, R., Maruddin, F. (2019). The physicochemical, microbiology, and sensory characteristics of kefir goat milk with different levels of kefir grain. Tropical Animal Science Journal, 42(2): 152–158. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2019.42.2.152
  • Tarakçi, Z., Karaağaç, M., Çelik, Ö. F. (2015). Araştırma Ordu il merkezindeki tüketicilerin fermente süt ürünleri tüketim alışkanlıkları. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 4(2): 71–80.
  • Tomar, O., Akarca, G., Çağlar, A., Beykaya, M., Gök, V. (2019). The effects of kefir grain and starter culture on kefir produced from cow and buffalo milk during storage periods. Food Science and Technology, 2061: 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.39418
  • Uslu, G. (2010). Ankara piyasasında satılan kefirlerin mikrobiyolojik, fiziksel, kimyasal ve duyusal özellikleri üzerine bir araştırma. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Süt Teknolojisi Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, Türkiye, 70 s.
  • Ürkek, B., Erkaya, T., Şengül, M. (2011). Kefir: Bileşimi, üretimi,probiyotik ve terapötik özellikleri. Akademik Gıda, 9(5): 60–66.
  • Yıldız-Akgül, F., Yetişemiyen, A., Şenel, E., Yıldırım, Z. (2018). Microbiological, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics of kefir produced by secondary fermentation. Mljekarstvo, 68(3): 201–213. https://doi.org/10.15567/mljekarstvo.2018.0305

TİCARİ KEFİRLERİN BAZI KALİTE PARAMETRELERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

Year 2020, Volume: 45 Issue: 3, 555 - 563, 15.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD20026

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, piyasada satışa sunulan 6 adet farklı ticari kefir örneği incelenmiştir. Kefir örneklerinin bazı fizikokimyasal (% kurumadde, % yağ, pH, % asitlik, % su bağlama kapasitesi), reolojik (viskozite, kıvam katsayısı, akış davranış indeksi), mikrobiyolojik (laktobasil, laktokok, maya-küf ve koliform bakteri sayıları) ve duyusal özellikleri araştırılmıştır. K4 kodlu örnek en yüksek viskozite (50 rpm’de 461.90 cP) ve kıvam katsayısı (K 8.16) değerlerine sahip olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Diğer taraftan, K5 kodlu örneğin su tutma kapasitesi (%38.75) ve viskozite (100 rpm’de 285.87 cP) değerleri en yüksek değerlere sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kefir örneklerinin ortalama laktobasil, laktokok ve maya-küf sayıları sırasıyla 8.15-9.09, 8.39-9.34 ve 4.38-5.37 log kob/mL arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. 6 örneğin hiçbirinde koliform bakteri tespit edilememiştir. Duyusal değerlendirme sonucunda tüm kefir örnekleri değerlendirilen duyusal karakteristikler açısından panelistler tarafından düşük puanlar almıştır.

References

  • Anonim. (2009). Fermente Süt Ürünleri Tebliğ (Tebliğ No: 2009/25).
  • Atalar, I. (2019). Functional kefir production from high pressure homogenized hazelnut milk. Lwt- Food Science and Technology, 107: 256–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2019.03.013
  • Bensmira, M., Jiang, B. (2012). Effect of some operating variables on the microstructure and physical properties of a novel Kefir formulation. Journal of Food Engineering, 108(4): 579–584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.07.025
  • Çetinkaya, F., Mus, T. E. (2012). Determination of microbiological and chemical characteristics of kefir consumed in Bursa. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 59: 217–221. https://doi.org/10.1501/vetfak_0000002528
  • Delgado-Fernández, P., Corzo, N., Lizasoain, S., Olano, A., Moreno, F. J. (2019). Fermentative properties of starter culture during manufacture of kefir with new prebiotics derived from lactulose. International Dairy Journal, 93: 22–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.01.014
  • Demirci, M., Gündüz, H. H. (2004). Dairy technology hand book. Istanbul: Turkey: Hasad Publ.
  • Dertli, E., Çon, A. H. (2017). Microbial diversity of traditional kefir grains and their role on kefir aroma. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 85: 151–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2017.07.017
  • Farnworth, E. R. (2005). Kefir - a complex probiotic. Food Science and Technology Bulletin: Functional Foods, 2(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1616/1476-2137.13938
  • Goncu, B., Celikel, A., Guler-Akin, MB., Akin, MS. (2017). Some properties of kefir enriched with apple and lemon fiber doi: Mljekarstvo 67:208–216. doi: 10.15567/mljekarstvo.2017.0305
  • Gul, O., Atalar, I., Mortas, M., Dervisoglu, M. (2018). Rheological, textural, colour and sensorial properties of kefir produced with buffalo milk using kefir grains and starter culture: A comparison with cows’ milk kefir. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 71(March): 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0307.12503
  • Harmankaya, S., Gülbaz, G., Kamber, U. (2019). Microbiological, chemical and sensory characteristics of kefir prepared with various fruit additives. Van Veterinary Journal, 30(1): 13–18.
  • Hecer, C., Ulusoy, B., Kaynarca, D. (2019). Effect of different fermentation conditions on composition of kefir microbiota. Int Food Res J 26:401–409
  • Irigoyen, A., Arana, I., Castiella, M., Torre, P., Ibáñez, F. C. (2005). Microbiological, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics of kefir during storage. Food Chemistry, 90(4): 613–620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.04.021
  • Kalkan, S. (2019). Mikroenkapsüle Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii kullanılarak üretilen kefirin bazı kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(1): 572–580. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.435476
  • Meilgaard, M. C., Carr, B. T., Civille, G. V. (1999). Sensory Evaluation Techniques. In Boca Raton, FL:CRC Pres, Inc. (3rd ed.). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927611002686
  • Metin, M. (2009). Süt ve Mamulleri Analiz Yöntemleri. İzmir, Turkey: EÜ, Ege Meslek Yüksekokulu Yay. No: 24.
  • Nielsen, B., Gürakan, G. C., Ünlü, G. (2014). Kefir: A multifaceted fermented dairy product. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins, 6(3–4): 123–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-014-9168-0
  • Öner, Z., Karahan, A. G., Çakmakçı, M. L. (2010). Effects of different milk types and starter cultures on kefir. GIDA, 35(3): 177–182.
  • Otles, S., Cagindi, O. (2003). Kefir : A probiotic dairy-composition , nutritional and therapeutic aspects. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2(2): 54–59.
  • Steffe, J. F. (1967). Rheological Methods in Food Process Engineering (2nd ed.). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4832-3245-4.50016-9
  • Sulmiyati, Said, N. S., Fahrodi, D. U., Malaka, R., Maruddin, F. (2019). The physicochemical, microbiology, and sensory characteristics of kefir goat milk with different levels of kefir grain. Tropical Animal Science Journal, 42(2): 152–158. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2019.42.2.152
  • Tarakçi, Z., Karaağaç, M., Çelik, Ö. F. (2015). Araştırma Ordu il merkezindeki tüketicilerin fermente süt ürünleri tüketim alışkanlıkları. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 4(2): 71–80.
  • Tomar, O., Akarca, G., Çağlar, A., Beykaya, M., Gök, V. (2019). The effects of kefir grain and starter culture on kefir produced from cow and buffalo milk during storage periods. Food Science and Technology, 2061: 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.39418
  • Uslu, G. (2010). Ankara piyasasında satılan kefirlerin mikrobiyolojik, fiziksel, kimyasal ve duyusal özellikleri üzerine bir araştırma. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Süt Teknolojisi Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, Türkiye, 70 s.
  • Ürkek, B., Erkaya, T., Şengül, M. (2011). Kefir: Bileşimi, üretimi,probiyotik ve terapötik özellikleri. Akademik Gıda, 9(5): 60–66.
  • Yıldız-Akgül, F., Yetişemiyen, A., Şenel, E., Yıldırım, Z. (2018). Microbiological, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics of kefir produced by secondary fermentation. Mljekarstvo, 68(3): 201–213. https://doi.org/10.15567/mljekarstvo.2018.0305
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Food Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fatma Nur Ünal This is me 0000-0002-0804-9453

Alperen Kalyas This is me 0000-0002-7483-0029

Zeynep Gürbüz This is me 0000-0003-4066-0241

Mustafa Şengül 0000-0001-8447-2256

Bayram Ürkek 0000-0002-7909-7364

Publication Date June 15, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 45 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Ünal, F. N., Kalyas, A., Gürbüz, Z., Şengül, M., et al. (2020). TİCARİ KEFİRLERİN BAZI KALİTE PARAMETRELERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ. Gıda, 45(3), 555-563. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD20026
AMA Ünal FN, Kalyas A, Gürbüz Z, Şengül M, Ürkek B. TİCARİ KEFİRLERİN BAZI KALİTE PARAMETRELERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ. The Journal of Food. June 2020;45(3):555-563. doi:10.15237/gida.GD20026
Chicago Ünal, Fatma Nur, Alperen Kalyas, Zeynep Gürbüz, Mustafa Şengül, and Bayram Ürkek. “TİCARİ KEFİRLERİN BAZI KALİTE PARAMETRELERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ”. Gıda 45, no. 3 (June 2020): 555-63. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD20026.
EndNote Ünal FN, Kalyas A, Gürbüz Z, Şengül M, Ürkek B (June 1, 2020) TİCARİ KEFİRLERİN BAZI KALİTE PARAMETRELERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ. Gıda 45 3 555–563.
IEEE F. N. Ünal, A. Kalyas, Z. Gürbüz, M. Şengül, and B. Ürkek, “TİCARİ KEFİRLERİN BAZI KALİTE PARAMETRELERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ”, The Journal of Food, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 555–563, 2020, doi: 10.15237/gida.GD20026.
ISNAD Ünal, Fatma Nur et al. “TİCARİ KEFİRLERİN BAZI KALİTE PARAMETRELERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ”. Gıda 45/3 (June 2020), 555-563. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD20026.
JAMA Ünal FN, Kalyas A, Gürbüz Z, Şengül M, Ürkek B. TİCARİ KEFİRLERİN BAZI KALİTE PARAMETRELERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ. The Journal of Food. 2020;45:555–563.
MLA Ünal, Fatma Nur et al. “TİCARİ KEFİRLERİN BAZI KALİTE PARAMETRELERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ”. Gıda, vol. 45, no. 3, 2020, pp. 555-63, doi:10.15237/gida.GD20026.
Vancouver Ünal FN, Kalyas A, Gürbüz Z, Şengül M, Ürkek B. TİCARİ KEFİRLERİN BAZI KALİTE PARAMETRELERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ. The Journal of Food. 2020;45(3):555-63.

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