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UTILIZATION OF SUNFLOWER WAX OLEOGELS AS COATING MATERIALS TO EXTEND THE SHELF-LIFE OF FRESH MANDARIN FRUITS

Year 2025, Volume: 50 Issue: 6, 1046 - 1057

Emin Yılmaz , Merve Karataş , Mehmet Seçkin Aday

https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD25070

Abstract

This study aimed to coat mandarin fruits with sunflower oil: sunflower wax oleogel (SOO) and sunflower oil: limonene: sunflower wax (SOLO) oleogel. The peak melting temperatures and storage modulus values of the SOO and SOLO were 61.78 and 59.78 oC, and 110 and 130 kPa. After storage, L colour values (brightness) of the samples were 28.27, 55.80, and 56.05 for the control, SOO and SOLO-coated samples. Total weight loss values of 49.51%, 38.09%, and 26.72% were recorded after the storage. Total aerobic viable counts were 100, 50, and 3750 CFU/g for the control, SOO, and SOLO-coated samples. After storage, the total soluble solids were 5.55%, 6.17%, and 7.65% for the same samples. Fresh fruit had 14.9% total soluble solids. Overall, oleogel coating, especially limonene-containing oleogel, provided significant protection against colour change, weight loss and microbial activity. Further studies with different oleogels and oleogels with lower oleogelator concentrations are suggested.

Keywords

mandarin oleogel coating colour weight loss microorganism shelf-life

References

  • Ali, S., Anjum, M.A., Ejaz, S., Hussain, S., Ercisli, S., Saleem, M.S., Sardar, H. (2021). Carboxymethyl cellulose coating delays chilling injury development and maintains the eating quality of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin fruits during low-temperature storage. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 168: 77-85. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.028
  • Aygören, E. (2023) Ürün raporu: Turunçgiller 2023. Tarımsal Ekonomi ve Politika Geliştirme Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Bang, I.H., Lee, E.S., Lee, H.S., Min, S.C. (2020). Microbial decontamination system combines antimicrobial solution washing and atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma treatment to preserve mandarins. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 162: 111102. DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2019.111102
  • Baswal, A., Dhaliwal, H., Singh, Z., Mahajan, B.V.C., Kalia, A., Gill, K.S. (2020). Influence of carboxymethylcellulose, chitosan and beeswax coatings on cold storage life and quality of Kinnow mandarin fruit. Scientia Horticulturae, 260: 108887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108887
  • Co, E.D., Marangoni, A.G. (2012). Organogels: An alternative edible oil-structuring method. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 89:749-780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-012-2049-3
  • Gao, Y., Kan, C., Chen, M., Chen, C., Chen, Y., Fu, Y., Wan, C., Chen, J. (2018). Effects of chitosan-based coatings enriched with cinnamaldehyde on Mandarin fruit cv. Ponkan during room-temperature storage. Coatings, 8: 372. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings8100372
  • Haider, S.A., Ahmad, S., Khan, A.S., Anjum, M.A., Nasir, M., Naz, S. (2020). Effects of salicylic acid on postharvest fruit quality of “Kinnow” mandarin under cold storage. Scientia Horticulturae, 259: 108843. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.scienta.2019.108843
  • Hong, S.I., Lee, H.H., Kim, D. (2007). Effects of hot water treatment on the storage stability of satsuma mandarin as a postharvest decay control. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 43: 271-279. DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.09.008
  • Kanelaki, A., Zampouni, K., Mourtzinos, I. (2022). Hydrogels, oleogels, and bagels are edible coatings of sardine fillets and delivery systems for rosemary extract. Gels, 8: 660. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8100660
  • Kashyap, K., Kashyap, D., Nitin, M., Banu, S. (2020). Characterizing the nutrient composition, physiological maturity, and effect of cold storage in Khasi mandarin (Citrus et al.). International Journal of Fruit Science, 20: 521–540. DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2019.1666334
  • Khorram, F., Ramezanian, A., Hosseini, S.M.H. (2017). Effect of different edible coatings on postharvest quality of ‘Kinnow’mandarin. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 11: 1827-1833. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-017-9564-8
  • Mezger, T.G. (2014). Applied Rheology. Anton Paar GmbH, Austria. 191 pp. ISBN 973-3-9504016-0-8. Minitab. (2010). Minitab Statistical Software (Version 16.1). Minitab, Inc., State College, Pennsylvania, US.
  • Motamedi, E., Nasiri, J., Malidarreh, T.R., Safari, M. (2018). Performance of carnauba wax-nano clay emulsion coatings on the ‘Valencia’ orange fruit postharvest quality. Scientia Horticulturae, 240: 170–178. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2018.06.002
  • Nam, H.A., Ramakrishnan, S.R., Kwon, J.H. (2019). Effects of electron-beam irradiation on the quality characteristics of mandarin oranges (Citrus unshiu (Swingle) Marcov) during storage. Food Chemistry, 286: 338–345. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.009
  • Nasrin, T., Islam, M., Rahman, M., Ullah, M. (2018). Evaluation of postharvest quality of edible coated mandarin at ambient storage. International Journal of Agricultural Research 8: 18-25. DOI: 10.3329/ijarit.v8i1.38225
  • Oyom, W., Mahmud, N., Islam, J. (2024). Enhancing the oxidative stability, physicochemical and sensory quality of deep-fat fried chicken nuggets using thyme essential oil-loaded oleogel coatings. Progress in Organic Coatings, 186: 107977. DOI: 10.1016/ j.porgcoat.2023.107977
  • Ramezani, M., Salvia-Trujillo, L., Martín-Belloso, O. (2024). Modulating edible-oleogels physical and functional characteristics by controlling their microstructure. Food & Function, 15: 663-675. DOI: 10.1039/D3FO03491G
  • Ribeiro, A.D., Cardoso, M.N.A., Freire, J.C.P. (2023). Antimicrobial activity of limonene: Integrative review. Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de plantas Medicinales y Aromaticas, 22: 581 – 593. DOI: 10.37360/blacpma.23.22.5.42
  • Rokaya, P.R., Baral, D.R., Gautam, D.M., Paudyal, K.P. (2016). Effect of postharvest treatments on quality and shelf life of mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). American Journal of Plant Sciences, 7: 1098-1105. DOI: 10.4236/ ajps.2016.77105
  • Roongruangsri, W., Rattanapanone, N., Leksawasdi, N. (2013). Influence of storage conditions on physico-chemical and biochemical of two tangerine cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Science, 5: 70. DOI: 10.5539/jas.v5n2p70
  • Selcuk, N., Erkan, M. (2015). The effects of 1-MCP treatment on fruit quality of medlar fruit (Mespilus et al. cv. Istanbul) during long-term storage in the palliflex storage system. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 100: 81-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2014.09.018
  • Strano, M.C., Timpanaro, N., Allegra, M. (2021). Effect of ozonated water combined with sodium bicarbonate on microbial load and shelf life of cold stored clementine (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.). Scientia Horticulturae, 276: 109775. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109775
  • Whangchai, K., Saengnil, K., Singkamanee, C. (2010). Effect of electrolyzed oxidizing water and continuous ozone exposure on the control of Penicillium digitatum on tangerine cv.‘Sai Nam Pung’during storage. Crop Protection, 29: 386–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2009.12.024
  • Xiao, J., Zhang, M., Wang, W., Teng, A., Liu, A., Ye, R., Liu, Y., Wang, K., Ding, J., Wu, X. (2019). An attempt of using β-sitosterol-corn oil oleogels to improve water barrier properties of gelatin film. Journal of Food Science, 84: 1447- 1455. DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14621
  • Xu, D., Qin, H., Ren, D. (2018). Prolonged preservation of tangerine fruits using chitosan/montmorillonite composite coating. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 143: 50-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2018.04.013
  • Yilmaz, E., Keskin Uslu, E., Öz, C. (2021). Oleogels of some plant waxes: Characterization and comparison with sunflower wax oleogel. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 98: 643-655. https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12490

TAZE MANDALİNA MEYVESİNİN RAF ÖMRÜNÜ UZATMAK İÇİN AYÇİÇEK MUMU OLEOJELLERİNİN KAPLAMA MATERYALİ OLARAK KULLANIMI

Year 2025, Volume: 50 Issue: 6, 1046 - 1057

Emin Yılmaz , Merve Karataş , Mehmet Seçkin Aday

https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD25070

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, mandalina meyvesini ayçiçek yağı: ayçiçek mumu oleojeli (AAO) ve ayçiçek yağı: limonen: ayçiçek mumu oleojeli (ALAO) ile kaplamaktır. AAO ve ALAO’nun ergime pik noktaları ve depo modül değerleri 61.78 ve 59.78 oC ve 110 ve 130 kPa olarak ölçülmüştür. Bir aylık depolama sonunda mandalina örneklerinin L renk değerleri (parlaklık) kontrol, AAO-kaplanmış ve ALAO-kaplanmış için 28.27, 55.80, ve 56.05 olarak ölçülmüştür. Toplam ağırlık kayıpları da depolama sonunda %49.51, %38.09, ve %26.72 olarak belirlenmiştir. Aynı örnekler için toplam aerobik sayım değerleri ise 100, 50, ve 3750 CFU/g olarak belirlenmiştir. Depolama sonunda toplam çözünür katılar %5.55, %6.17, ve %7.65 olarak ölçülmüştür. Sonuç olarak oleojel kaplama ve özellikle limonen içeren kaplamanın renk değişimi, ağırlık kaybı ve mikrobiyal aktiviteye karşı önemli koruma sağladığı ortaya konulmuştur. Farklı oleojeller ve daha düşük oleojeletör konsantrasyonuyla hazırlanan oleojeller ile daha ileri araştırmalar önerilmiştir.

Keywords

mandalina oleojel kaplama renk ağırlık kaybı mikroorganizma raf-ömür

References

  • Ali, S., Anjum, M.A., Ejaz, S., Hussain, S., Ercisli, S., Saleem, M.S., Sardar, H. (2021). Carboxymethyl cellulose coating delays chilling injury development and maintains the eating quality of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin fruits during low-temperature storage. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 168: 77-85. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.028
  • Aygören, E. (2023) Ürün raporu: Turunçgiller 2023. Tarımsal Ekonomi ve Politika Geliştirme Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Bang, I.H., Lee, E.S., Lee, H.S., Min, S.C. (2020). Microbial decontamination system combines antimicrobial solution washing and atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma treatment to preserve mandarins. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 162: 111102. DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2019.111102
  • Baswal, A., Dhaliwal, H., Singh, Z., Mahajan, B.V.C., Kalia, A., Gill, K.S. (2020). Influence of carboxymethylcellulose, chitosan and beeswax coatings on cold storage life and quality of Kinnow mandarin fruit. Scientia Horticulturae, 260: 108887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108887
  • Co, E.D., Marangoni, A.G. (2012). Organogels: An alternative edible oil-structuring method. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 89:749-780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-012-2049-3
  • Gao, Y., Kan, C., Chen, M., Chen, C., Chen, Y., Fu, Y., Wan, C., Chen, J. (2018). Effects of chitosan-based coatings enriched with cinnamaldehyde on Mandarin fruit cv. Ponkan during room-temperature storage. Coatings, 8: 372. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings8100372
  • Haider, S.A., Ahmad, S., Khan, A.S., Anjum, M.A., Nasir, M., Naz, S. (2020). Effects of salicylic acid on postharvest fruit quality of “Kinnow” mandarin under cold storage. Scientia Horticulturae, 259: 108843. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.scienta.2019.108843
  • Hong, S.I., Lee, H.H., Kim, D. (2007). Effects of hot water treatment on the storage stability of satsuma mandarin as a postharvest decay control. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 43: 271-279. DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.09.008
  • Kanelaki, A., Zampouni, K., Mourtzinos, I. (2022). Hydrogels, oleogels, and bagels are edible coatings of sardine fillets and delivery systems for rosemary extract. Gels, 8: 660. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8100660
  • Kashyap, K., Kashyap, D., Nitin, M., Banu, S. (2020). Characterizing the nutrient composition, physiological maturity, and effect of cold storage in Khasi mandarin (Citrus et al.). International Journal of Fruit Science, 20: 521–540. DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2019.1666334
  • Khorram, F., Ramezanian, A., Hosseini, S.M.H. (2017). Effect of different edible coatings on postharvest quality of ‘Kinnow’mandarin. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 11: 1827-1833. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-017-9564-8
  • Mezger, T.G. (2014). Applied Rheology. Anton Paar GmbH, Austria. 191 pp. ISBN 973-3-9504016-0-8. Minitab. (2010). Minitab Statistical Software (Version 16.1). Minitab, Inc., State College, Pennsylvania, US.
  • Motamedi, E., Nasiri, J., Malidarreh, T.R., Safari, M. (2018). Performance of carnauba wax-nano clay emulsion coatings on the ‘Valencia’ orange fruit postharvest quality. Scientia Horticulturae, 240: 170–178. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2018.06.002
  • Nam, H.A., Ramakrishnan, S.R., Kwon, J.H. (2019). Effects of electron-beam irradiation on the quality characteristics of mandarin oranges (Citrus unshiu (Swingle) Marcov) during storage. Food Chemistry, 286: 338–345. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.009
  • Nasrin, T., Islam, M., Rahman, M., Ullah, M. (2018). Evaluation of postharvest quality of edible coated mandarin at ambient storage. International Journal of Agricultural Research 8: 18-25. DOI: 10.3329/ijarit.v8i1.38225
  • Oyom, W., Mahmud, N., Islam, J. (2024). Enhancing the oxidative stability, physicochemical and sensory quality of deep-fat fried chicken nuggets using thyme essential oil-loaded oleogel coatings. Progress in Organic Coatings, 186: 107977. DOI: 10.1016/ j.porgcoat.2023.107977
  • Ramezani, M., Salvia-Trujillo, L., Martín-Belloso, O. (2024). Modulating edible-oleogels physical and functional characteristics by controlling their microstructure. Food & Function, 15: 663-675. DOI: 10.1039/D3FO03491G
  • Ribeiro, A.D., Cardoso, M.N.A., Freire, J.C.P. (2023). Antimicrobial activity of limonene: Integrative review. Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de plantas Medicinales y Aromaticas, 22: 581 – 593. DOI: 10.37360/blacpma.23.22.5.42
  • Rokaya, P.R., Baral, D.R., Gautam, D.M., Paudyal, K.P. (2016). Effect of postharvest treatments on quality and shelf life of mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). American Journal of Plant Sciences, 7: 1098-1105. DOI: 10.4236/ ajps.2016.77105
  • Roongruangsri, W., Rattanapanone, N., Leksawasdi, N. (2013). Influence of storage conditions on physico-chemical and biochemical of two tangerine cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Science, 5: 70. DOI: 10.5539/jas.v5n2p70
  • Selcuk, N., Erkan, M. (2015). The effects of 1-MCP treatment on fruit quality of medlar fruit (Mespilus et al. cv. Istanbul) during long-term storage in the palliflex storage system. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 100: 81-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2014.09.018
  • Strano, M.C., Timpanaro, N., Allegra, M. (2021). Effect of ozonated water combined with sodium bicarbonate on microbial load and shelf life of cold stored clementine (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.). Scientia Horticulturae, 276: 109775. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109775
  • Whangchai, K., Saengnil, K., Singkamanee, C. (2010). Effect of electrolyzed oxidizing water and continuous ozone exposure on the control of Penicillium digitatum on tangerine cv.‘Sai Nam Pung’during storage. Crop Protection, 29: 386–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2009.12.024
  • Xiao, J., Zhang, M., Wang, W., Teng, A., Liu, A., Ye, R., Liu, Y., Wang, K., Ding, J., Wu, X. (2019). An attempt of using β-sitosterol-corn oil oleogels to improve water barrier properties of gelatin film. Journal of Food Science, 84: 1447- 1455. DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14621
  • Xu, D., Qin, H., Ren, D. (2018). Prolonged preservation of tangerine fruits using chitosan/montmorillonite composite coating. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 143: 50-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2018.04.013
  • Yilmaz, E., Keskin Uslu, E., Öz, C. (2021). Oleogels of some plant waxes: Characterization and comparison with sunflower wax oleogel. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 98: 643-655. https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12490
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Food Packaging, Preservation and Processing
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Emin Yılmaz 0000-0003-1527-5042

Merve Karataş 0000-0002-7271-6054

Mehmet Seçkin Aday 0000-0002-5669-5812

Publication Date November 30, 2025
Submission Date May 28, 2025
Acceptance Date October 15, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 50 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Yılmaz, E., Karataş, M., & Aday, M. S. (n.d.). UTILIZATION OF SUNFLOWER WAX OLEOGELS AS COATING MATERIALS TO EXTEND THE SHELF-LIFE OF FRESH MANDARIN FRUITS. Gıda, 50(6), 1046-1057. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD25070
AMA Yılmaz E, Karataş M, Aday MS. UTILIZATION OF SUNFLOWER WAX OLEOGELS AS COATING MATERIALS TO EXTEND THE SHELF-LIFE OF FRESH MANDARIN FRUITS. The Journal of Food. 50(6):1046-1057. doi:10.15237/gida.GD25070
Chicago Yılmaz, Emin, Merve Karataş, and Mehmet Seçkin Aday. “UTILIZATION OF SUNFLOWER WAX OLEOGELS AS COATING MATERIALS TO EXTEND THE SHELF-LIFE OF FRESH MANDARIN FRUITS”. Gıda 50, no. 6 n.d.: 1046-57. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD25070.
EndNote Yılmaz E, Karataş M, Aday MS UTILIZATION OF SUNFLOWER WAX OLEOGELS AS COATING MATERIALS TO EXTEND THE SHELF-LIFE OF FRESH MANDARIN FRUITS. Gıda 50 6 1046–1057.
IEEE E. Yılmaz, M. Karataş, and M. S. Aday, “UTILIZATION OF SUNFLOWER WAX OLEOGELS AS COATING MATERIALS TO EXTEND THE SHELF-LIFE OF FRESH MANDARIN FRUITS”, The Journal of Food, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 1046–1057, doi: 10.15237/gida.GD25070.
ISNAD Yılmaz, Emin et al. “UTILIZATION OF SUNFLOWER WAX OLEOGELS AS COATING MATERIALS TO EXTEND THE SHELF-LIFE OF FRESH MANDARIN FRUITS”. Gıda 50/6 (n.d.), 1046-1057. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD25070.
JAMA Yılmaz E, Karataş M, Aday MS. UTILIZATION OF SUNFLOWER WAX OLEOGELS AS COATING MATERIALS TO EXTEND THE SHELF-LIFE OF FRESH MANDARIN FRUITS. The Journal of Food.;50:1046–1057.
MLA Yılmaz, Emin et al. “UTILIZATION OF SUNFLOWER WAX OLEOGELS AS COATING MATERIALS TO EXTEND THE SHELF-LIFE OF FRESH MANDARIN FRUITS”. Gıda, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 1046-57, doi:10.15237/gida.GD25070.
Vancouver Yılmaz E, Karataş M, Aday MS. UTILIZATION OF SUNFLOWER WAX OLEOGELS AS COATING MATERIALS TO EXTEND THE SHELF-LIFE OF FRESH MANDARIN FRUITS. The Journal of Food. 50(6):1046-57.
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