Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Cami mimarisinde modern ve geleneksel temsil: Üç caminin analitik karşılaştırması Ankara, Türkiye

Year 2023, , 745 - 773, 17.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.37246/grid.1215097

Abstract

Bu makale Türkiye’nin başkenti Ankara’da üç farklı modern cami incelemektedir. Özellikle, Türkiye’de cami envanterinin önemli bir bölümünü oluşturan “Osmanlı- tipi” camilerden farklı, yenilikçi ve özgün cami örneklerini araştırmaktadır. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu sonrası Cumhuriyet dönemi, cami mimarisinde “modern” ve “geleneksel” örnekler üzerinden süregiden bir tartışma ve rekabete tanıklık etmiştir. Aslında bu problem farklı yönleriyle ele alınmış olsa da, akademide genellikle doğrudan camilerin “modern” veya “geleneksel” olarak sınıflandırılması üzerinden tartışılmıştır. Oysa, bu sınıflandırma cami mimarisinde geleneğin repertuvarını oluşturan camilerin farklı fiziksel özelliklerini temel almalıdır. Bu çalışmada camiler kütle ve cephe tasarımları, mekânsal organizasyon, iç mekân formları, mimari program, malzeme seçimi ve bezeme, süsleme detayları olmak üzere camilerin fiziksel özelliklerine göre altı gruba ayrılmış, 18 farklı faktöre göre değerlendirilmiştir. Bu araştırma cami mimarisinde önemli olan “gelenek”, “geleneksel” ve “modern” kavramların anlaşılmasında ve ayırt edilmesindeki karışıklığı gidererek, cami mimarisinde modern ve geleneksel temsil tartışmasına katkı koymayı amaçlamaktadır.

References

  • Akar, M. and Pilehvarian N. K. (2019). Türkiye’de Güncel Cami Mimarisi üzerine Bir Araştırma: İstanbul Esenler İlçesi Örneği. Journal of Near Architecture. 2:2 63-89.
  • Akbulut, N., & Erarslan, A. (2017). Türkiye’de çağdaş cami mimarisi tasarımında yenilikçi yaklaşımlar. İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Dergisi, 9(3), 35-59.
  • As, I. (2006). The digital mosque: A new paradigm in mosque design. Journal of Architectural Education, 60(1), 54-66.
  • Atlı, M. (2011). 90'lardan günümüze Türkiye'de cami mimarlığı tartışmalarına mimarların katılımı. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. İstanbul: Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi).
  • Batuman, B. (2016) Architectural mimicry and the politics of mosque building: negotiating Islam and Nation in Turkey. The Journal of Architecture, 21:3, 321-347.
  • Caner, Ç., & Bakırer, Ö. (2009). Anadolu Selçuklu Dönemi Yapilarindan Medrese ve Camilerde Portal. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları (Hütad), 10(10), 13-30.
  • Duysak, N. (2000). 20. Yüzyıl Türkiye’sinde Cami Tasarımı ve Geleneksel Cami (Doctoral dissertation, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
  • DRA (2020) Statistical tables (data files) (Turkish) 2.1 Cami Sayısı. https://stratejigelistirme.diyanet.gov.tr/sayfa/57/istatistikler. Site accessed 24 March 2020.
  • Eker, H. (2016). İstanbul'un fethi'nin Osmanlı cami mimarisi üzerindeki etkileri. Journal of International Social Research, 9(43).
  • Eyüpgiller, K. (2006). Türkiye'de 20. Yüzyıl Cami Mimarisi. Mimarlık, 331, 20-27.
  • Güler, M., & Aktuğ Kolay, İ. (2010). 12. yüzyıl Anadolu Türk camileri. İTÜDERGİSİ/a, 5(2).
  • Gür, Berin F. 2017. Sancaklar Mosque: Displacing the Familiar International Journal of Islamic Architecture 6(1):165-193.
  • Gürsoy, E. (2011). Modern mimarlık tarihi sürecinde İzmir camileri. (Doktora tezi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü).
  • Haseki, S. (2006). 20. Yüzyıl Çağdaş Cami Mimarisine Ankara Örnekleri Üzerinden Bir Yaklaşım. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Ankara: Gazi Üniversitesi).
  • Hillenbrand, R. (1999). Islamic art and architecture. Thames and Hudson.
  • Hoteit, A. (2015). Contemporary architectural trends and their impact on the symbolic and spiritual function of the mosque. International Journal of Current Research, 7(3), 13547-13558.
  • Karaelmas, E. (2014). Mosques of Ankara: objects of ideological representation since the 1950s (Master's thesis, Middle East Technical University).
  • King, A. D. (Ed.). (1980). Buildings and society: Essays on the social development of the built environment. Routledge and Kegan Paul: London
  • Khan, H. U. (1990). The architecture of the mosque, an overview and design directions. Expressions of Islam in buildings, 109-127.
  • Kuban, D. (1974). The mosque and its early development (Vol. 2). Brill.
  • Kuran, A., 1968. The Mosque in Early Ottoman Architecture. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London.
  • Moustafa, S. (2013). Contemporary Mosque Architecture in Turkey, The American University in Cairo, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Cairo.
  • Mustafa, F. A., & Hassan, A. S. (2013). Mosque layout design: An analytical study of mosque layouts in the early Ottoman period. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 2(4), 445-456.
  • Özaloglu, S., & Gürel, M. Ö. (2011). Designing Mosques For Secular Congregations: Transformations Of The Mosque As A Social Space In Turkey. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 336-358.
  • Özaloğlu, S. (2017). An attempt to transform popular religious imaging into contemporary mosque architecture: Ahmet Hamdi Akseki Mosque. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 34(2), 114-132.
  • Serageldin, I., & Steele, J. (1996). Architecture of the Contemporary Mosque, the University of Michigan: Academy Edition.
  • Taher, M. R. T., & Dundar, M. (2017). A Comparative Analytical Study of the Conversion Form of Minaret in Contemporary Mosque Architecture. Intercultural understanding, 7, 23-30.
  • Tuğal, C. (2009). Transforming everyday life: Islamism and social movement theory. Theory and society, 38(5), 423-458.
  • Uz, D. (2014). The Mosque‐Hospital Complex at Divriği: Toward the Construction of an Experiential Framework.
  • Ürey, Ö. (2010). Use of traditional elements in contemporary mosque architecture in Turkey (Master's thesis, Middle East Technical University).
  • Yetkin, S. K. (1959). The Evolution of Architectural Form in Turkish Mosques (1300-1700). Studia Islamica, (11), 73-91.

Modern and traditional representation in mosque architecture: Analytic comparison of three mosques in Ankara, Turkey

Year 2023, , 745 - 773, 17.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.37246/grid.1215097

Abstract

This article examines three "modern" mosques in Ankara, the capital city of Turkey. Specifically, it researches examples of innovative and authentic mosque architecture, which considerably varies from "Ottoman-type" mosques that heavily dominate the inventory of mosques in Turkey. The Republican period after the Ottoman Empire in Turkey witnessed an ongoing discussion and competition between modern and traditional examples of mosque architecture. Although this problem has been considered in different dimensions, it has generally been discussed by classifying the mosques as "modern" or "traditional" in the academy. It is thought that this classification should be based on the different physical characteristics of mosques, which form the repertoire of tradition in mosque architecture. In this study, the exemplary mosques selected for the inquiry were examined according to 18 different factors that were grouped under six categories considering the physical and interior features of the mosques: namely, mass and facade design, spatial organization, interior forms, architectural program, material selection and ornament details. The research aims to contribute to discussing modern and traditional representation in mosque architecture and clarify ambiguity in understanding and distinguishing between "tradition," "traditional," and "modern," which are essential meanings in mosque architecture.

References

  • Akar, M. and Pilehvarian N. K. (2019). Türkiye’de Güncel Cami Mimarisi üzerine Bir Araştırma: İstanbul Esenler İlçesi Örneği. Journal of Near Architecture. 2:2 63-89.
  • Akbulut, N., & Erarslan, A. (2017). Türkiye’de çağdaş cami mimarisi tasarımında yenilikçi yaklaşımlar. İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Dergisi, 9(3), 35-59.
  • As, I. (2006). The digital mosque: A new paradigm in mosque design. Journal of Architectural Education, 60(1), 54-66.
  • Atlı, M. (2011). 90'lardan günümüze Türkiye'de cami mimarlığı tartışmalarına mimarların katılımı. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. İstanbul: Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi).
  • Batuman, B. (2016) Architectural mimicry and the politics of mosque building: negotiating Islam and Nation in Turkey. The Journal of Architecture, 21:3, 321-347.
  • Caner, Ç., & Bakırer, Ö. (2009). Anadolu Selçuklu Dönemi Yapilarindan Medrese ve Camilerde Portal. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları (Hütad), 10(10), 13-30.
  • Duysak, N. (2000). 20. Yüzyıl Türkiye’sinde Cami Tasarımı ve Geleneksel Cami (Doctoral dissertation, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
  • DRA (2020) Statistical tables (data files) (Turkish) 2.1 Cami Sayısı. https://stratejigelistirme.diyanet.gov.tr/sayfa/57/istatistikler. Site accessed 24 March 2020.
  • Eker, H. (2016). İstanbul'un fethi'nin Osmanlı cami mimarisi üzerindeki etkileri. Journal of International Social Research, 9(43).
  • Eyüpgiller, K. (2006). Türkiye'de 20. Yüzyıl Cami Mimarisi. Mimarlık, 331, 20-27.
  • Güler, M., & Aktuğ Kolay, İ. (2010). 12. yüzyıl Anadolu Türk camileri. İTÜDERGİSİ/a, 5(2).
  • Gür, Berin F. 2017. Sancaklar Mosque: Displacing the Familiar International Journal of Islamic Architecture 6(1):165-193.
  • Gürsoy, E. (2011). Modern mimarlık tarihi sürecinde İzmir camileri. (Doktora tezi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü).
  • Haseki, S. (2006). 20. Yüzyıl Çağdaş Cami Mimarisine Ankara Örnekleri Üzerinden Bir Yaklaşım. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Ankara: Gazi Üniversitesi).
  • Hillenbrand, R. (1999). Islamic art and architecture. Thames and Hudson.
  • Hoteit, A. (2015). Contemporary architectural trends and their impact on the symbolic and spiritual function of the mosque. International Journal of Current Research, 7(3), 13547-13558.
  • Karaelmas, E. (2014). Mosques of Ankara: objects of ideological representation since the 1950s (Master's thesis, Middle East Technical University).
  • King, A. D. (Ed.). (1980). Buildings and society: Essays on the social development of the built environment. Routledge and Kegan Paul: London
  • Khan, H. U. (1990). The architecture of the mosque, an overview and design directions. Expressions of Islam in buildings, 109-127.
  • Kuban, D. (1974). The mosque and its early development (Vol. 2). Brill.
  • Kuran, A., 1968. The Mosque in Early Ottoman Architecture. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London.
  • Moustafa, S. (2013). Contemporary Mosque Architecture in Turkey, The American University in Cairo, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Cairo.
  • Mustafa, F. A., & Hassan, A. S. (2013). Mosque layout design: An analytical study of mosque layouts in the early Ottoman period. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 2(4), 445-456.
  • Özaloglu, S., & Gürel, M. Ö. (2011). Designing Mosques For Secular Congregations: Transformations Of The Mosque As A Social Space In Turkey. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 336-358.
  • Özaloğlu, S. (2017). An attempt to transform popular religious imaging into contemporary mosque architecture: Ahmet Hamdi Akseki Mosque. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 34(2), 114-132.
  • Serageldin, I., & Steele, J. (1996). Architecture of the Contemporary Mosque, the University of Michigan: Academy Edition.
  • Taher, M. R. T., & Dundar, M. (2017). A Comparative Analytical Study of the Conversion Form of Minaret in Contemporary Mosque Architecture. Intercultural understanding, 7, 23-30.
  • Tuğal, C. (2009). Transforming everyday life: Islamism and social movement theory. Theory and society, 38(5), 423-458.
  • Uz, D. (2014). The Mosque‐Hospital Complex at Divriği: Toward the Construction of an Experiential Framework.
  • Ürey, Ö. (2010). Use of traditional elements in contemporary mosque architecture in Turkey (Master's thesis, Middle East Technical University).
  • Yetkin, S. K. (1959). The Evolution of Architectural Form in Turkish Mosques (1300-1700). Studia Islamica, (11), 73-91.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects History and Theory of the Built Environment, Architecture, Interior Architecture , Architectural History, Theory and Criticism
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Serkan Mertyürek 0000-0002-6037-3963

Guler Ufuk Demırbas 0000-0001-6235-6836

Publication Date July 17, 2023
Submission Date December 6, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Mertyürek, S., & Demırbas, G. U. (2023). Modern and traditional representation in mosque architecture: Analytic comparison of three mosques in Ankara, Turkey. GRID - Architecture Planning and Design Journal, 6(2), 745-773. https://doi.org/10.37246/grid.1215097