Effectiveness of Warm Foot Bath in Fatigue Management in Chronic Kidney Diseases: A Systematic Review

Year 2025, Volume: 20 Issue: 2, 125 - 138, 31.05.2025

Cansu Koşar Şahin , Ümmühan Nur Şafak

https://doi.org/10.47565/ndthdt.2025.105

Abstract

Aim: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of warm water foot baths on fatigue levels in individuals with chronic kidney disease.

Materials and Methods: The PRISMA reporting guidelines were used in the preparation and reporting of this systematic review. Articles were identified through a literature search conducted between June 1 and June 28, 2024, using the databases GOOGLE SCHOLAR, SCIENCE DIRECT, TURKISH MEDLINE, ULAKBIM, COCHRANE, and PUBMED. To minimize the risk of bias, literature search processes were carried out separately by researchers. Studies that met the inclusion criteria and had experimental/quasi-experimental, randomized or non-randomized controlled designs were included in the review. A data extraction tool developed by the researchers was used to summarize and present the findings. The studies assessed the effectiveness of warm water foot baths on fatigue in patients with chronic kidney disease, including those receiving and not receiving hemodialysis. Fatigue was measured using the Piper Fatigue Scale in three studies, a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) in one study, and the Fatigue Severity Scale in another. Fatigue assessments were conducted immediately after the intervention and at the latest within one week.

Conclusion: Five studies that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Sample sizes ranged from 30 to 88 participants. One study employed a randomized controlled design, two were quasi-experimental with control groups, and two were quasi-experimental single-group pretest–post-test designs. All studies reported that warm foot baths reduced fatigue. This systematic review supports the integration of warm water foot baths into nursing care for patients with chronic kidney disease. However, given the currently limited evidence base, further high-quality studies are recommended to strengthen the evidence of the intervention's effectiveness.

Keywords

Footbath , Hemodialysis , Chronic Kidney Disease , End-Stage Kidney Disease , Fatigue

Kronik Böbrek Hastalarında Yorgunluk Yönetiminde Ilık Su ile Yapılan Ayak Banyosunun Etkinliği: Sistematik Derleme/ Effectiveness of Warm Foot Bath in Fatigue Management in Chronic Kidney Diseases: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Amaç: Bu sistematik derleme kronik böbrek hastalığına sahip bireylere ılık su ile uygulanan ayak banyosunun, bireylerin yorgunluk düzeyine etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu sistematik derlemenin oluşturulma süreci ve raporlamasında PRISMA raporlama kılavuzu kullanılmıştır. Makalelere 01.06.2024-28.06.2024 tarihleri arasında GOOGLE AKADEMİK, SCIENCE DIRECT, TÜRK MEDLİNE, ULAKBİM, COCHRANE ve PUBMED veri tabanlarında taramaya yapılarak ulaşılmıştır. Yanlılık riskini azaltmak için literatür tarama, makale seçimi ve makalelerin değerlendirilmesi süreçleri araştırmacılar tarafından ayrı ayrı yürütülmüştür. Dahil edilme kriterlerin karşılayan, deneysel/yarı deneysel, randomize/ randomize olmayan kontrollü araştırma desenlerine sahip makaleler değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin özetlenmesi ve sunulmasında araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan bir veri çekme aracı kullanılmıştır. Araştırmalarda hemodiyaliz tedavisi alan ve almayan kronik böbrek hastalarına ılık suyla uygulanan ayak banyosunun yorgunluk üzerindeki etkinliği değerlendirilmiştir. Yorgunluğu değerlendirirken üç araştırmada Piper Yorgunluk Ölçeği, bir araştırmada yorgunluk VAS skalası ve bir araştırmada Yorgunluk Şiddeti Ölçeği kullanmıştır. Yorgunluk değerlendirmesi ılık su ile ayak banyosu uygulamasının hemen ardından, en geç ise bir hafta sonra yapılmıştır.

Sonuç: Dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan beş araştırma incelenmiştir. Araştırmaların örneklemlerinin en az 30, en fazla 88 hastadan oluştuğu görülmüştür. Araştırmaların biri randomize kontrollü, ikisi kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel, diğer ikisi yarı deneysel tek grup ön test-son test araştırma tasarımına sahiptir. Araştırmaya alınan makalelerin hepsinde ılık su ile uygulanan ayak banyosunun yorgunluğu azalttığı bulunmuştur. Bu sistematik derleme ılık su ile uygulanan ayak banyosunun kronik böbrek hastalarında hemşirelik bakımına entegrasyonunu destekler niteliktedir. Ancak bu müdahalenin etkinliğini doğrulayan kanıtlar henüz yeterli seviyede olmadığından kanıt düzeyi yüksek çalışmaların artırılması önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Ayak Banyosu , Hemodiyaliz , Kronik Böbrek Hastalığı , Son Dönem Böbrek Yetmezliği , Yorgunluk

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