Year 2019,
Volume: 47 Issue: 3, 259 - 266, 23.10.2019
Fatma Hepsağ
,
Pembe Çürük
References
- 1. A. Kiritsakis, P. Markasis, Olive Oil: A Review. Department
of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigon State
University, East Landing, Michigon, 1997.
- 2. M. Çolakoğlu, Analytical Characters of Turkish Olive
Oil Obtained in the Campaign of 1967-1968. E.Ü.Z.F.
Publications. Publication No.194, İzmir. 1972.
- 3. A. Oktar, M. Çolakoğlu, Effects of agronomic factors on olive
oil quality, Bursa 1st International Food Symposium, April
4-6, Bursa (1989), 477-485.
- 4. J. A. Pereira, S. Casal, A. Bento, M.B.P.P. Oliveira, Influence
of olive storage period on oil quality of three portuguese
cultivars of oleo europe, cobrancuosa, madural, and
verdeal transmontana, J. Agric. Food Chem., 50 (2002)
6335-6340.
- 5. J.F. Cavalli, X. Fernandez, L. Lizzani-Cuvelier, A.M. Loiseau,
Characterization of Volatile Compounds of French and
Spanish Virgin Olive Oils by HS-SPME: Identification of
Quality-Freshness Markers, Food Chem., 88 (2004) 151-157.
- 6. A. Ranalli, L. Lucera, S. Contento, N. Simone, P. Delre,
Bioactive Constituents, Flavors and aromas of virgin oils
obtained by processing olives with a naturel enzyme extract,
Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 106 (2004) 187-197.
- 7. D. Boskou, Olive oil chemistry and technology, Department
of Chemistry Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
Thessaloniki, Greece, 1996.
- 8. S.A. Ardo, Characterization of olive oils commercially
available in The United States,Department of Nutrition and
Food Science, University of Maryland, MS Thesis, (2005),
132.
- 9. M.G. Bagur-González, E. Pérez-Castaño, M. Sánchez-Viñas,
D. Gázquez-Evangelista, The use of liquid chromatographic
finger printing of the sterol fraction to separate extra virgin
olive oil from other traceable oils J. Chromatogr. A, 1380
(2015) 64-70.
- 10. TGK Communiqué on Methods of Analysis of Olive Oil and
Pyrine Oil (Communiqué No: 2014/53), 2014.
- 11. O. Kycyk, M.P. Aguilera, J.J. Gaforio, A. Jimenez, G. Beltran,
Sterol composition of virgin olive oil of forty-three olive
cultivars from the World Collection Olive Germplasm Bank
of Cordoba, J. Sci. Food Agric., 96 (2016) 4143-4150.
- 12. B. Baccouri, H. Manai, J.S. Casas, E. Osorio, M. Zarrouk,
Tunisian wild olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. oleaster) oils:
sterolic and triterpenic dialcohol compounds, Ind. Crop.
Prod., 120 (2018) 11–15.
- 13. M. Katherine Phillips, M. David RuggioJari, I. Toivo Molly,
A. Swank Amy, H. Simpkins, Free and esterified sterol
composition of edible oils and fats, J. Food Comp. Anal., 15
(2002) 123-142.
- 14. B. Cañabate Díaz, A. Segura Carretero, A. Fernández
Gutierrez, A. Belmonte Vega, Separation and determination
of sterols in olive oil by HPLC-MS, Food Chem., 102 (2007)
593-598.
- 15. Communiqué Pertaining to the amendment of TGK. Olive Oil
and Pirina Oil (Communiqué No: 2010/35) (Communiqué No:
2014/54) 2014.
- 16. European Union Commission Regulation EEC/2568/91,
Characteristics of olive and olive pomace oils and their
analytical methods and subsequent amendments (latest:
EU Commission Implementing Regulation 1348/2013 of the
Commission of 16 December. EU Off J L 338, 31–67, 2013.
- 17. J. Sánchez, E. Osorio, A.M. Montaño, M. Martínez, Sterol
and erythrodiol + uvaol content of virgin olive oils from
cultivars of Extremadura (Spain), Food Chem. 87 (2004)
225–230.
- 18. M.D. Salvador, F. Aranda, G. Fregapane, Influence of fruit
ripening on “Cornicabra” virgin olive oil quality. A study of
four successive crop seasons Food Chem., 73 (2001) 45–53.
- 19. C. Guillaume, L. Ravetti, D.L. Ray, J. Johnson, Technological
factors affecting sterols in australian olive oils J. Am. Oil
Chem. Soc., 89 (2012) 29-39.
- 20. A.M. Giuffre, Steroli, Eritrodiolo e Uvaolo in olio di oliva da
cultivar coltivate in Calabria, Ind. Aliment. 51 (2012) 20-26.
- 21. A.M. Giuffre, L. Louadj, Influence of crop season and cultivar
on sterol composition of monovarietal olive oils in Reggio
Calabria (Italy), Czech J. Food Sci. 31 (2013) 256-263.
Sterol Fractionation of Refined Olive Oil for Sale in Mediterranean Region with GC-FD, Composition Analysis of Triterpenic Dialkols and Validation
Year 2019,
Volume: 47 Issue: 3, 259 - 266, 23.10.2019
Fatma Hepsağ
,
Pembe Çürük
Abstract
I
n this study, compositional analysis of the sterol fraction and triterpenic alcohols of olive oil was made assess the degree
of purity of the oil and the absence of admixture with other plant oils. This determination also permited characterization
of the type of olive oil. In the present work, 30 samples of olive oil supplied from the markets of Adana, Osmaniye and
Mersin in 2015 and 2016 were analyzed, and the validation studies were carried out in the analysis method used. The sterol
fractions were separated from the unsaponifiable fraction by silica gel plate chromatography, and later they were analyzed
as the trimethylsilyl ether derivatives by capillary column gas chromatography. The validation results obtained were evaluated in accordance with TGK-Olive Oil and Pirina Oil Communiqué (Communiqué No: 2010-35)
References
- 1. A. Kiritsakis, P. Markasis, Olive Oil: A Review. Department
of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigon State
University, East Landing, Michigon, 1997.
- 2. M. Çolakoğlu, Analytical Characters of Turkish Olive
Oil Obtained in the Campaign of 1967-1968. E.Ü.Z.F.
Publications. Publication No.194, İzmir. 1972.
- 3. A. Oktar, M. Çolakoğlu, Effects of agronomic factors on olive
oil quality, Bursa 1st International Food Symposium, April
4-6, Bursa (1989), 477-485.
- 4. J. A. Pereira, S. Casal, A. Bento, M.B.P.P. Oliveira, Influence
of olive storage period on oil quality of three portuguese
cultivars of oleo europe, cobrancuosa, madural, and
verdeal transmontana, J. Agric. Food Chem., 50 (2002)
6335-6340.
- 5. J.F. Cavalli, X. Fernandez, L. Lizzani-Cuvelier, A.M. Loiseau,
Characterization of Volatile Compounds of French and
Spanish Virgin Olive Oils by HS-SPME: Identification of
Quality-Freshness Markers, Food Chem., 88 (2004) 151-157.
- 6. A. Ranalli, L. Lucera, S. Contento, N. Simone, P. Delre,
Bioactive Constituents, Flavors and aromas of virgin oils
obtained by processing olives with a naturel enzyme extract,
Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 106 (2004) 187-197.
- 7. D. Boskou, Olive oil chemistry and technology, Department
of Chemistry Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
Thessaloniki, Greece, 1996.
- 8. S.A. Ardo, Characterization of olive oils commercially
available in The United States,Department of Nutrition and
Food Science, University of Maryland, MS Thesis, (2005),
132.
- 9. M.G. Bagur-González, E. Pérez-Castaño, M. Sánchez-Viñas,
D. Gázquez-Evangelista, The use of liquid chromatographic
finger printing of the sterol fraction to separate extra virgin
olive oil from other traceable oils J. Chromatogr. A, 1380
(2015) 64-70.
- 10. TGK Communiqué on Methods of Analysis of Olive Oil and
Pyrine Oil (Communiqué No: 2014/53), 2014.
- 11. O. Kycyk, M.P. Aguilera, J.J. Gaforio, A. Jimenez, G. Beltran,
Sterol composition of virgin olive oil of forty-three olive
cultivars from the World Collection Olive Germplasm Bank
of Cordoba, J. Sci. Food Agric., 96 (2016) 4143-4150.
- 12. B. Baccouri, H. Manai, J.S. Casas, E. Osorio, M. Zarrouk,
Tunisian wild olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. oleaster) oils:
sterolic and triterpenic dialcohol compounds, Ind. Crop.
Prod., 120 (2018) 11–15.
- 13. M. Katherine Phillips, M. David RuggioJari, I. Toivo Molly,
A. Swank Amy, H. Simpkins, Free and esterified sterol
composition of edible oils and fats, J. Food Comp. Anal., 15
(2002) 123-142.
- 14. B. Cañabate Díaz, A. Segura Carretero, A. Fernández
Gutierrez, A. Belmonte Vega, Separation and determination
of sterols in olive oil by HPLC-MS, Food Chem., 102 (2007)
593-598.
- 15. Communiqué Pertaining to the amendment of TGK. Olive Oil
and Pirina Oil (Communiqué No: 2010/35) (Communiqué No:
2014/54) 2014.
- 16. European Union Commission Regulation EEC/2568/91,
Characteristics of olive and olive pomace oils and their
analytical methods and subsequent amendments (latest:
EU Commission Implementing Regulation 1348/2013 of the
Commission of 16 December. EU Off J L 338, 31–67, 2013.
- 17. J. Sánchez, E. Osorio, A.M. Montaño, M. Martínez, Sterol
and erythrodiol + uvaol content of virgin olive oils from
cultivars of Extremadura (Spain), Food Chem. 87 (2004)
225–230.
- 18. M.D. Salvador, F. Aranda, G. Fregapane, Influence of fruit
ripening on “Cornicabra” virgin olive oil quality. A study of
four successive crop seasons Food Chem., 73 (2001) 45–53.
- 19. C. Guillaume, L. Ravetti, D.L. Ray, J. Johnson, Technological
factors affecting sterols in australian olive oils J. Am. Oil
Chem. Soc., 89 (2012) 29-39.
- 20. A.M. Giuffre, Steroli, Eritrodiolo e Uvaolo in olio di oliva da
cultivar coltivate in Calabria, Ind. Aliment. 51 (2012) 20-26.
- 21. A.M. Giuffre, L. Louadj, Influence of crop season and cultivar
on sterol composition of monovarietal olive oils in Reggio
Calabria (Italy), Czech J. Food Sci. 31 (2013) 256-263.