-

Abstract

In this study, the relationships between academic procrastination, students’ burnout and academic achievement are investigated. The participants comprised 323 students who were enrolled in the different major fields at the Faculty of Education in the Pamukkale University. The ages of respondents varied from 17 to 31. In this study, Aitken Procrastination Inventory, Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey and Personal Information Form were used to gather data. Results from correlation analyses show that the emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced academic efficacy dimensions of students’ burnout were positively related with academic procrastination .The regression analyses revealed that academic procrastination can statistically predict emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced academic efficacy dimensions of student burnout score. The results also showed that reported academic achievement was significantly and negatively correlated with academic procrastination, emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced academic efficacy dimensions of student burnout; and reported academic achievement is significantly predicted by academic procrastination and reduced academic efficacy of burnout. Implications of these findings are discussed for educator and psychological counselor.

Keywords

• academic procrastination, student burnout, academic achievement,

The Relationship between Academic Procrastination and Students' Burnout

Abstract

Bu çalışmada akademik erteleme eğilimi ile öğrencilerin tükenmişlik duygusu düzeyleri ve akademik başarıları arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi’nde farklı bölümlerde öğrenim gören yaşları 17 ile 31 arasında değişen 323 öğrenci katılmıştır Araştırmada veri toplamak için Aitken Erteleme Eğilimi ölçeği, Maslach’ ın Tükenmişlik Ölçeğinin öğrenci versiyonu kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, akademik erteleme ile öğrenci tükenmişlik duygusunun, duygusal tükenmişlik, duyarsızlaşma ve düşük akademik yeterlik boyutları arasında olumlu bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Yapılan regresyon analizi sonuçları, akademik erteleme eğiliminin, tükenmişlik duygusunun bütün alt boyutlarını istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde öngördüğünü göstermiştir. Yapılan analizler ayrıca, öğrencilerin akademik başarıları, erteleme eğilimi ve tükenmişlik duygusu düzeyleri arasında anlamlı düzeyde olumsuz bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Bulgular eğitimciler ve psikolojik danışmanlar açısında ele alınıp tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

• akademik erteleme eğilimi, öğrenci tükenmişlik sendromu, akademik başarı

References

1. Ackerley, Gary D.; Burnell, J., Holder, Dale C., & Kurdek, Lawrence A. (1988). Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 19(6), 624-631.
2. Aitken, M. E. (1982). A personality profile of the college student procrastinator. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, 1982). Dissertation Abstracts International, 43 7
3. Balkis, M., Duru, E., Buluş, M., ve Duru, S.(2011). Tükenmişliğin öğretmen adayları arasındaki yaygınlığı, demografik değişkenler ve akademik başarı ile ilişkisi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 229, 151-165.
4. Balkis, M., ve Duru, E.(2010). Akademik erteleme eğilimi, akademik başarı ilişkisinde genel ve performans benlik saygısının rolü. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 27, 159–170.
5. Balkis, M. ve Duru, E. (2009). Prevalence of academic procrastination behavior among pre-service teachers, and its relationships with demographics and individual preferences. Journal of Theory and Practice in Education,5 (1), 18–32. Balkis, M. (2007). Öğretmen adaylarının davranışlarındaki erteleme eğiliminin karar verme stilleri ile ilişkisi. [The relationship between pre-service teachers’ procrastination behavior and decision making styles] Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 21, 67–83.
6. Balkis, M. (2006). The relationship between student teachers’ procrastination behavior, decision making and thinking styles, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Dokuz Eylül University
7. Beck, Brett L., Koons, Susan R., & Milgrim, Debra L (2000) Correlates and consequences of behavioral procrastination: The effects of academic procrastination, self-consciousness, self-esteem and self-handicapping. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, Special Issue, Vol. 15, Issue 5
8. Beswick, G., Rothblum, E. D., & Mann, L. (1988). Psychological antecedents of student procrastination. Australian Psychologist, 23, 207-217.

9. Boudreau, D., Santen, S.A., Hemphill, R.R. & Dobson, J. (2004) Burnout in medical students: examining the prevalence and predisposing factors during the four years of medical school. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 44 (4), 75–76.
10. Chang, E.C., Rand, K.L., & Strunk, D.P. (2000). Optimism and risk for burnout among working college students: Stress as a mediator. Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 255–263.
11. D’Aurora, D. L., & Fimian, M. J. (1988). Dimensions of life and school stress experienced by young people. Psychology in the Schools, 25(1), 44-53.
12. Durán, A., Extremera, N., Rey, L., Fernández-Berrocal, P., & Montalbán, F. M. (2006). Predicting academic burnout and engagement in educational settings: Assessing the incremental validity of perceived emotional intelligence beyond perceived stress and general self-efficacy. Psicothema, 18, 158-164.
13. Duru, E. (2008). Üniversite uyum sürecinde yalnızlığı yordamada sosyal destek ve sosyal bağlılığın doğrudan ve dolaylı rolleri. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 29, 13–22.
14. Flett, G. L., Blankstein, K. R., & Martin, T. R. (1995). Procrastination, negative self- evaluation, and stress in depression and anxiety: A review and preliminary model. In J. R. Ferrari & J. L. Johnson (Eds.), Procrastination and task avoidance: Theory, research, and treatment. The Plenum series in social/clinical psychology (pp. 137-167). New York: Plenum Press.
15. Fritzsche, B. A., Young, B. R., & Hickson, K. C. (2003). Individual differences in academic procrastination tendency and writing success. Personality & Individual Differences, 35, 1549-1557.
16. Garden, A. M. (1991). Relationship between burnout and performance. Psychological Reports, 68, 963-977.
17. Greenglass, E. R., Fiksenbaum, L., & Burke, R. J. (1994). The relationship between social support and burnout over time in teachers. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 9, 219-230.
18. Hamann, D. L., & Daugherty, E. (1985). Burnout assessment: The college music student. Update: Applications of Research in Music Education, 3(2), 3-8.
19. Harris, N. N., & Sutton, R. I. (1983). Task procrastination in organizations: A framework for research. Human Relations, 36, 987-99
20. Heuer, H., Spijkers, W., Kiesswetter, E., & Schmidtke, V. (1998). Effects of sleep loss, time of day, and extended mental work on implicit and explicit learning of sequences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 4(2), 139-162.
21. Howard, S.M. & Johnson, B.J. (2004). Resilient teachers: resisting stress and burnout Social Psychology of Education 7: 399–420, Jackson, T., Weiss, E.K., Lundquist, J.L.,& Hooper, D. (2001). The Impact of Hope, Procrastination and Social Activity on Academic Performance of Midwestern College Students. Education, 124,(2), pp. 310-320.
22. Jacobs, S. & Dodd, D. (2003). Student burnout as a function of personality, social support, and workload. Journal of College Students Development, 44 (3), 291-303.
23. Kahili, S. (1986). Relationship of burnout among professional psychologists to professional expectations and social support. Psychological Reports, 59, 1043-1051.
24. Kelly, W. E., Kelly, K. E., & Clanton, R. C. (2001). The relationship between sleep length and grade-point average among college students. College Student Journal, 35(1), 84-87.
25. Klomegah, R.Y.(2007). Predictors of academic performance of university students: An application of the goal efficacy model. College Student Journal, 41(2), 407-415.
26. Koniarek, J., & Dudek, B. (1996). Social support as a buffer in the stress-burnout relationship. International Journal of Stress Management, 3, 99-106.
27. Lay, C. H. (1986). At last, my research article on procrastination. Journal of Research in Personality, 20, 474-495.
28. Lay, C. H. (1994). Trait procrastination and affective experiences: Describing past study behavior and its relation to agitation and dejection. Motivation & Emotion, 18(3), 269-284.
29. Lay, C. H., & Burns, P. (1991). Intentions and behavior in studying for an examination: The role of trait procrastination and its interaction with optimism. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 6, 605-617.
30. Lay, C. H., & Schouwenburg, H. C. (1993). Trait procrastination, time management, and academic behavior. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 8, 647-662.
31. Lingard, H. (2007) - Conflict between paid work and study: Does it impact upon students’ burnout and satisfaction with university life? Journal of Education in the Built Environment, 2: 90-109.
32. Maslach, C. & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 2, 991
33. McCarthy, M.E., Pretty, G.M., & Catano, V. (1990). Psychological sense of community and student burnout. Journal of College Student Development, 31, 211–216.
34. McCown, W.G., & Roberts, R. (1994). A Study of academic and work-related dysfunctioning relevant to the college version of an indirect measure of impulsive behavior. Integra Technical Paper 94-98, Radnor, PA: Integra, Inc.
35. Meier, S.F. & Schmeck, R.R. (1985). The burned-out college student: a descriptive profile. Journal of College Student Personal, 26, 63–69.
36. Milgram, N., Mey-Tal, G., & Levison, Y. (1998). Procrastination, generalized or specific, in college students and their parents Personality & Individual Differences , 25 , 297-316.
37. Mills, L. B., & Huebner, E. S. (1998). A prospective study of personality characteristics, occupational Stressors, and burnout among school psychology practitioners. Journal of School Psychology, 36, 103-120.
38. Orpen, C. (1998). The causes and consequences of academic procrastination: A research note. Westminister Studies in Education, 21, 73-75.
39. Ramist, L. (1981). College student attrition and retention. Findings (ETS), 6, 1–4.
40. Saddler, C. D., & Buley, J. (1999). Predictors of academic procrastination in college students. Psychological Reports, 84, 686-688
41. Saddler, C. D., & Sacks, L. A. (1993). Multidimensional perfectionism and academic procrastination: Relationships with depression in university students. Psychological Reports, 73, 863-871.
42. Sandoval, J. (1993). Personality and burnout among school psychologists. Psychology in the Schools, 30, 321-326.
43. Schaufeli, W.B., Martinez, I., Marqués-Pinto, A., Salanova, M., & Bakker, A. (2002). Burnout and engagement in university students: A cross-national study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Studies, 33, 464–481.
44. Solomon, L. J., & Rothblum, E. D. (1984). Academic procrastination: Frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31, 503-509.
45. Tice, D. M., & Baumeister, R. F. (1997). Longitudinal study of procrastination, performance, stress, and health: The costs and benefits of dawdling. Psychological Science, 8, 454-458.
46. Tobin, P. J., & Carson, J. (1994). Stress and the student social worker. Social Work and Social Sciences Review, 5(3), 24625
47. Tuckman, B. W. (1991). The development and concurrent validity of the Procrastination Scale. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 51, 473-480.
48. Van Wyk, L.(2004). The relationship between procrastination and stress in the life of the high school teacher. Unpublished Master thesis. University of Pretoria, Vodanovich, S.J. & Rupp, D.E. (1999). Are procrastinators prone to boredom? Social Behavior and Personality, 27, 11-16. Yang, Hui-J. (2004). Factors affecting student burnout and academic achievement in multiple enrollment programs in Taiwan’s technical–vocational colleges. International Journal of Educational Development, 24, 283-301.
49. Wade, D. C., Cooley, E., & Savicki, V. (1986). A longitudinal study of burnout. Children and Youth Services Review, 8, 16117