Creative Cities as a Spatial Organization Form of the New Capitalism: The Case of Singapore

Abstract

This study has discussed the reflections of socio-economic transformations on urban space during the last quarter of the 20th century. The new relationships of high-technology and information-centered new capitalism, global capital and finance flows, and the shift of industrial production from North America and Western Europe to southern countries have transformed the world's leading cities into centers of administration, control, finance, and banking. Alongside the processes analyzed as global cities or world cities, the relationship established by the new capitalism through the cultural-creative sectors with the creative city model also influences the forms of urbanization. The new global economy shaped by creativity and innovation is re-designing urban space to create a creative social environment and construct creative processes. Discussions on the creative city focus on the multi-actor, multi-layered, and interdisciplinary construction of the city and the visibility of societies' soft infrastructures in the city. In this context, developing South Asian cities like Singapore in recent years provide noteworthy examples. In this study, the relationship between the urban space and the new capitalism has been evaluated through the example of the Singaporean city-state using the lens of creative cities. The post-independence urban transformation and creative urbanization process in Singapore have been described in a narrative style using quantitative data provided by the Singapore Department of Statistics.

Keywords

• Culture
• Cultural Economy. Creative Cities
• New Capitalism
• Singapore.

Yeni Kapitalizmin Mekânsal Örgütlenme Biçimi Olarak Yaratıcı Kentler: Singapur Örneği

Abstract

Bu çalışmada 20. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde sosyo-ekonomik yapıda meydana gelen dönüşümlerin kentsel mekânda yansımaları incelenmiştir. Yeni kapitalizmin yüksek teknoloji ve bilgi merkezli yeni ilişkileri, küresel çapta sermaye ve finans akışları, Kuzey Amerika ve Batı Avrupa kentlerinin sanayi üretimini güney ülkelere kaydırması sonucu dünyanın önde gelen kentleri yönetim, denetim, finans ve bankacılık merkezleri haline gelmiştir. Küresel kent veya dünya kenti olarak analiz edilen bu süreçlerin yanında, yeni kapitalizmin kültürel-yaratıcı sektörler aracılığıyla kültürle kurduğu yeni ilişki yaratıcı kent modelini meydana getirmiştir. Yaratıcılık ve inovasyon tarafından şekillendirilen yeni küresel ekonomi, kentsel mekânı yaratıcı bir sosyal çevre ve yaratıcı süreçler inşa etmek üzere yeniden tasarlamaktadır. Yaratıcı kent tartışmaları bu noktada kentin çok aktörlü, çok katmanlı ve disiplinler arası yöntemlerle inşa edilmesine ve toplumların soft altyapılarının kentte görünür kılınmasına odaklanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, son yıllarda gelişen Singapur gibi Güney Asya kentleri incelemeye değer örnekler sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada yeni kapitalizmin kent mekânı ile kurduğu ilişki yaratıcı kentler üzerinden Singapur kent devleti örneğinde değerlendirilmiştir. Singapur İstatistik Kurumu tarafından sağlanan nicel verilerle Singapur’da tam bağımsızlık sonrası yaşanan kentsel dönüşüm ve yaratıcı kentleşme süreci betimleyici bir dille ele alınmıştır.

Keywords

• Kültür
• Kültürel Ekonomi
• Singapur
• Yaratıcı kent
• Yeni Kapitalizm.

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