İdeal Arayışında Bir Dönüm Noktası: Yıldız Şehirler

Abstract

Yaşamın sürekliliğinin bir uzantısı olan “ideal olanı arama” süreci boyunca toplumlar; dönemin koşullarına bağlı farklı mekânsal çözümler üretmiş ve bu çözümlerin bir kısmı mimari/estetik anlayışların ve toplumsal yapının değişmesine yol açmıştır. Bu değişimlerin en çarpıcı örneklerinden biri, Rönesans Dönemi Avrupa’sında ortaya çıkmış yıldız biçimli ideal kent şemalarıdır. Savunma sistemlerine ağırlık verilen yıldız şehirler; kültürel, mimari ve estetik açıdan yeni bir akım yaratmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Rönesans Dönemi Avrupa’sının politik ve kültürel kırılma noktaları irdelenmiş, yıldız biçiminin ortaya çıkışı ve gerekçelerine değinilmiş, örnekler üzerinde karşılaştırmalı irdeleme yapılmıştır.

Keywords

• ideal kent şemaları,Rönesans Dönemi,yıldız şehirler,savunma duvarları

A Turning Point in Search of the Ideal: Star-Shaped Cities

Abstract

Through “searching for the ideal” process which is an extension of the continuity of life; communities generated different spatial solutions depending on the conditions of the period, some of which altered both the aesthetic and architectural understanding and the social structure. One of the most striking examples of these changes was the star-shaped ideal city diagrams composed during the Renaissance Period in Europe. The star-shaped cities which focused on defensive systems created new trends through cultural, architectural and aesthetic aspects. Within the framework of the study; the political and cultural breakpoints of the Renaissance Period in Europe have been reviewed, the emergence of star formation and the underlying reasons have been explained and the samples have been comparatively examined.

Keywords

• the ideal urban schemes,Renaissance Period,star-shaped cities,defensive walls

References

1. Banerjee, T., & Southwoth, M. (1990). City Sense and City Design: Writings and Projects of Kevin Lynch. London: The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachussetts.
2. Braun, G., & Hogenberg, F. (2008). Cities of the World: Complete Edition of the Colour Plates of 1572 – 1617 (edited by Stephan Fussel). (Erişim), http://www.taschen.com/pages/en/catalogue/classics/all/00346/facts.braun_hogen berg_cities_of_the_world.htm
3. Creese, W.L. (1966). The Search For Environment – The Garden City: Before and After. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
4. Curl, J.S. (1970). European Cities and Society: A Study of the Influence of Political Climate on Town Design. London: Leonard Hill Books.
5. Howard, E. (1946). Garden Cities of Tomorrow. London: Faber & Faber Ltd.
6. Keegan, J. (1993). A History of Warfare. New York: Alfred A. Knopf Inc.
7. Kostof, S. (1991). The City Shaped: Urban Patterns and Meanings Through History. Lon-don: Thames & Hudson Ltd.
8. Kostof, S. (1992). The City Assembled: The Elements of Urban Form Through History. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd.

9. Lynch, K. (1981). A Theory of Good City Form. London: The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts.
10. Moughtin, C. (1992). Urban Design: Street and Square. Oxford: Butterworth Architecture.
11. Mumford, L. (1961). The City in History. New York: Harcourt Brace & World Inc.
12. Owens, E.J. (1994). The City in the Greek and Roman World. Routledge.
13. Pollak, M.,D. (1991). Turin: 1564 – 1680 Urban Design, Military Culture and the Creation of the Absolutist Capital. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
14. Simonds, J.O. (1994). Garden Cities 21: Creating a Liveable Urban Environment. United States: Mc-Graw Hill Inc.
15. Spreiregen, P.D. (1965). Urban Design: The Architecture of Towns and Cities. New York: The American Institue of Architects, McGraw-Hill Book Company.