Tarihi ve Kültürel Miras Alanlarında Devingen ve Evrimsel Bir Yer Kimliği Kavramsallaştırması

Abstract

Küreselleşme ve neoliberal kentleşme politikalarının etkisi altında, 30 yılı aşkın bir süredir kentler ekonomik, toplumsal ve mekânsal olarak yeniden yapılanmaktadır. Endüstri-sonrası kentlerde süregelen bu yapılanma, bir taraftan kentlerin postmodern yüzlerinin gelişmesine ve küresel bir kentsel kimliğin ortaya çıkmasına neden olurken, diğer taraftan ‘yerellikler’e ve ‘yer kimliği’ne yeni tehditler oluşturmaktadır. “Yerin kendisine ve kültürüne dayanan ve o yeri ‘yer’ yapan özelliklerin yok olması” olarak tanımlanan “yersizlik” kavramı, son yıllarda, kentlerde gözlemlediğimiz tektipleşme, standartlaşma ve melezleşmenin ürünüdür. Endüstri-sonrası kentlerin kimlik sorununu yersizlik kavramı bağlamında tartışan birçok çalışma, tarihi ve kültürel miras alanlarının müzeleştirilerek ya da yok edilerek, ‘yer kimliği’ açısından yoksunlaştırıldığına dikkat çekmektedir. Bu araştırma, zaman-mekân sürekliliği içerisinde sürekli evrilen kentlerde ve toplumlarda yer kimliğinin nasıl korunabileceğini tarihi ve kültürel miras alanları bağlamında tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın birinci bölümü, endüstri-sonrası kentlerin kimlik probleminin arkasındaki nedenleri ve yer kimliğinin önemini incelemektedir; tarihi ve kültürel miras ve yer kimliğine yönelik temel problem ve çelişki alanlarını tanımlamaktadır. Araştırmanın ikinci bölümü, ‘yer kimliği’ni, mekân-yer yazını bağlamında, E. Relph’in ‘fiziksel çevre’, ‘etkinlikler’ ve ‘anlamlar’ üçlemesiyle ilişkilendirerek, evrimsel ve bağlamsal perspektifler ışığında kavramsallaştırmaktadır. Araştırmanın üçüncü bölümü, zaman-mekân sürekliliği içinde, sürekli evrilen yer kimliğinin devingenliğiyle kültürel miras alanlarında idealize edilen durağanlığı arasındaki temel çelişkinin nasıl yeniden kurgulanarak, uzlaştırılabileceğini tartışmaktadır.

Keywords

• Tarihi ve kültürel miras,Yer kimliği,Kentsel koruma,Endüstri-sonrası kentler,Devingen,Evrimsel,Bağlamsal

A Dynamic and Evolving Conceptualisation of Place Identity in Historic and Cultural Heritage Sites

Abstract

Under the impacts of the globalisation and neoliberal urbanism, contemporary cities have undergone a significant economic, social and spatial restructuring over more than three decades. While this change has led to the generation of post-modern face of many cities with a global urban identity, it brings about a significant and often detrimental impact upon localities, and their identities. ‘Placelessness’, defined as “the displacement or loss of ‘authentic’ forms of culture –made from and making, local distinctiveness- by mass-produced commercial forms imposed on the locality”, is the ultimate outcome of the homogenisation, standardisation and hybridization of urban space. A number of studies, which discuss the identity crisis of historical and cultural heritage sites in relation with the notion of placelessness, call attention to the impoverishment of the place identity by either museumisation or eradification of these sites. In a space-time continuum where cities and societies incessantly evolve, this research aims to discuss how to conserve ‘place identity’ in historical and cultural heritage sites. The paper first examines the factors which have brought about urban identity problems of post-industrial cities, describes the significance of urban identity for individuals, societies and cities, as well as the threats and conflicting areas resulted from the urban identity crisis of contemporary cities. Second, referring to the literature on the space-place debates, it conceptualizes the notion of ‘place identity’ in relation with the E. Relph’s triad of ‘physical setting or appearance’, ‘activities’ and ‘meanings’, as well as its contextual and evolutionary aspects. Last but not least, the third part seeks to discuss and find answers to the questions of how the stability of idealised conservation of place identity can be reconciled with the dynamics of place identity with its continuously evolving nature in the space-time continuum.

Keywords

• Historic and cultural heritage,Place identity,Urban conservation,Post-industrial cities,Dynamic,Evolutionary,Contextual

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