Neoliberal Kent Projeleri ve Konut Politikalarının Göçmen Mahalle ve Yaşamlarına Etkisi: Göç Çalışmalarına Yeni bir Araştırma Gündemi Denemesi

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 15, 198 - 213, 31.01.2015

Tahire Erman

Öz

Bu makale göç çalışmalarının kent çalışmalarıyla
bağlantısını kurma çabası üzerinde gelişmektedir, ve 1980 sonrası neoliberal
politikalarla uygulanan kentsel yenileme projelerinin ve sosyal konutların
özelleştirilmesinin göçmen mekan ve yaşamlarına olan etkisini akademik
literatür ve kişisel gözlem ve görüşmeler üzerinden ve çeşitli ülkelerdeki
kentlerden örnekleri kullanarak tartışmaktadır. Kent çalışmalarının odaklandığı
neoliberal kentleşme, kentsel yenileme, soylulaşma, yerinden edilme (‘sınıfsal
tahliye’) kavramları, göçmenlerin yaşamlarının neoliberal politikalar ile
dönüşmesini anlamaya yönelik çalışmalar için yol göstericidir. Ayrıca, refah
devleti uygulamalarındaki sosyal konut projelerinin neoliberal ideoloji
çerçevesinde özelleştirilmesi ve dar gelirli grupların ipotek (mortgage)
sistemi ile ev sahibi yapılmasının hedeflenmesi de göçmen yaşamlarını, mahalle
ve konutlarıyla ilişkilerini, ve kimliklerini anlamaya yönelik çalışmalar için
hesaba katılması gereken bir konudur. Makalede ulaşılan sonuç, söz konusu kent
mekanlarına ve sosyal konutlara yönelik neoliberal politika ve pratiklerin göçmenlere
çoğunlukla dezavantaj getirdiği yönündedir. Ev sahipliği ise, göçmenlere
konutları üzerinden yeni kimlik ve insan-çevre ilişkisi getirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

göçmen mahalleleri, neoliberal kentleşme, soylulaşma, yerinden edilme, sosyal konut, ev sahipliği programları, mekansal kümelenme

The Effect of Neoliberal Urban Projects and Housing Policies on Immigrants’ Lives and Spaces: A New Research Agenda in Migration Studies

Öz

This article aims to connect migration studies with
urban studies. It discusses the outcomes of urban renewal projects and the
privatization of social housing, both under the auspices of neoliberal
policies, on the lives and spaces of immigrants. It relies on academic
literature as well as personal observations and interviews, and presents
examples from different cities in different countries to support its argument.
The concepts that are developed in urban studies, such as neoliberal urbanism,
urban renewal, gentrification and displacement, are helpful for migrant
researchers who aim to understand the transformations in the lives of
immigrants as the result of neoliberal policies. In addition, the privatization
of social housing under the neoliberal ideology, which was one of the prime
programs of the welfare state, and the attempt of turning social housing
residents into home owners by providing credits with long maturities in the
mortgage system are important to address in any migration study that aims to
understand the lives and identities of immigrants, as well as their
relationship with their neighborhoods and homes. The tentative conclusion of
the article is that the neoliberal policies and practices that target urban
spaces and social housing bring immigrants mostly disadvantages. In the case of
home ownership, immigrants tend to take on new identities via their homes, as
well as new relationship with their residential environments.

Anahtar Kelimeler

migrant neighborhoods, neoliberal urbanism, gentrification, displacement, social housing, home ownership programs, spatial clustering

Kaynakça

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