Araştırma Makalesi
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Neoliberal Kent Projeleri ve Konut Politikalarının Göçmen Mahalle ve Yaşamlarına Etkisi: Göç Çalışmalarına Yeni bir Araştırma Gündemi Denemesi

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 15, 198 - 213, 31.01.2015

Öz

Bu makale göç çalışmalarının kent çalışmalarıyla
bağlantısını kurma çabası üzerinde gelişmektedir, ve 1980 sonrası neoliberal
politikalarla uygulanan kentsel yenileme projelerinin ve sosyal konutların
özelleştirilmesinin göçmen mekan ve yaşamlarına olan etkisini akademik
literatür ve kişisel gözlem ve görüşmeler üzerinden ve çeşitli ülkelerdeki
kentlerden örnekleri kullanarak tartışmaktadır. Kent çalışmalarının odaklandığı
neoliberal kentleşme, kentsel yenileme, soylulaşma, yerinden edilme (‘sınıfsal
tahliye’) kavramları, göçmenlerin yaşamlarının neoliberal politikalar ile
dönüşmesini anlamaya yönelik çalışmalar için yol göstericidir. Ayrıca, refah
devleti uygulamalarındaki sosyal konut projelerinin neoliberal ideoloji
çerçevesinde özelleştirilmesi ve dar gelirli grupların ipotek (mortgage)
sistemi ile ev sahibi yapılmasının hedeflenmesi de göçmen yaşamlarını, mahalle
ve konutlarıyla ilişkilerini, ve kimliklerini anlamaya yönelik çalışmalar için
hesaba katılması gereken bir konudur. Makalede ulaşılan sonuç, söz konusu kent
mekanlarına ve sosyal konutlara yönelik neoliberal politika ve pratiklerin göçmenlere
çoğunlukla dezavantaj getirdiği yönündedir. Ev sahipliği ise, göçmenlere
konutları üzerinden yeni kimlik ve insan-çevre ilişkisi getirmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Benton-Short, Lisa, Price, Marie D., and Friedman, Samantha (2005) Globalization from below: The ranking of global immigrant cities. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 29 (4): 945-959.
  • Bolt, G., Burgers, Jack and van Kempen, Ronald. (1998) On the social significance of spatial location: spatial segregation and social inclusion. Netherlands Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 13 (1): 83-95.
  • Brenner, Neil, Peck, Jamie, and Theodore, Nik. (2005) Neoliberal urbanism: Cities and the rule of markets. http://web.iaincirebon.ac.id/ebook/moon/.../Brenner-Peck-Theodore_Neoliberal _urbanism.pdf
  • Buffel, Tine. (2014) Experiences of home among first generation Turkish immigrants living in Brussels, Belgium. Turkish Migration Conference: Comparative Perspectives and Continuities konferansına sunulan bilidiri, Londra, 30 Mayıs-1 June.
  • Burgess, Ernest W. (2004) The growth of the city: An introduction to a research project. The City Cultures Reader (ss. 20-27). New York and London: Routledge.
  • Butler, Tim. (2007) Re-urbanizing London Docklands: Gentrification, suburbanization or new urbanism? International Journal of Urban Regional Research, 31 (4): 759-781.
  • Clampet-Lundquist, Susan. (2010) “Everyone had your back”: Social ties, perceived safety, and public housing relocation. City & Community, 9 (1): 87-108.
  • Davison, Gethin, Dovey, Kim and Woodcock, Ian. (2012) “Keeping Dalston different”: Defending place-identity in East London. Planning Theory & Practice, 13 (1): 47-69.
  • Ehrkamp, Patricia. (2005) Placing identities: Transnational practices and local attachments of Turkish immigrants in Germany. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 31 (2): 345-364.
  • Freiheit, Manuela ve Seidelsohn, Kristina. (2014) Perspectives on conflicts and potentials in a changing neighborhood: Berlin-Neukölln and the role of urban governance. Turkish Migration Conference: Comparative Perspectives and Continuities konferansına sunulan bildiri, Londra, 30 Mayıs-1 June.
  • Friedrichs, Jurgen, Galster, George and Musterd, Sako. (2003) Neighbourhood effects on social opportunities: the European and American research and policy context, Housing Studies, 18 (6): 797-806.
  • Hackworth, Jason ve Smith, Nil. (2001) The changing state of gentrification. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 92 (4): 464–477.
  • Harvey, David. (1989) From managerialism to entrepreneurialism: the transformation in urban governance in late capitalism. Geografiska Annaler B, 71 (1): 3-17.
  • Holm, Andrej. (2006) Urban renewal and the end of social housing: The roll out of neoliberalism in East Berlin’s Prenzlauer Berg. Social Justice, 33 (3): 114-128.
  • Huber, Florian J. (2011) Sensitive urban renewal or gentrification? The case of the Karmeliterviertel in Vienna, Camilla Perrone, Gabriele Manella, Lorenzo Tripodi (der.), Everyday Life in the Segmented City (Research in Urban Sociology, Cilt 11, ss.223-239), Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  • Kılıçkıran, Didem. (2013) Göçmen evlerinde geçmişi okumak. Kültür Araştırmaları Derneği’nin düzenlediği Bellek ve Kültür Sempozyumuna sunulan bildiri. Bilkent Üniversitesi, Ankara, 5-7 Eylül. Manzo, Lynne C., Kleit, Rachel G. ve Couch, Dawn. (2008) “Moving three times is like having your house on fire once”: The experience of place and impending displacement among public housing residents. Urban Studies, 45 (9): 1855-1878.
  • Marcus, Peter ve van Kempen Ronald. (der) (2000) Globalizing Cities: A New Spatial Order. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Massey, Dougles S. (1985) Ethnic residential segregation: A theoretical synthesis and empirical review. Sociology and Social Research, 69 (3): 315-350.
  • Murdie, Robert ve Ghosh, Sutama. (2010) Does spatial concentration always mean a lack of integration? Exploring ethnic concentration and integration in Toronto. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36 (2): 293-311.
  • Roy, Ananya. (2010) Poverty Capital: Microfinance and the Making of Development. New York: Routledge.
  • Schiller, Nina Glick ve Çağlar, Ayşe. (2009) Towards a comparative theory of locality in migration studies: Migrant incorporation and city scale. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 35 (2): 177-202.
  • Smith, A. (1989) Gentrification and the spatial constitution of the state: The restructuring of London’s Docklands. Antipode, 21 (3): 232-260.
  • Smith, Neil. (1987) Gentrification and the rent gap. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 77 (3): 462-478.
  • Ünsal, Özlem and Kuyucu, Tuna. (2010) Challenging the neoliberal regime: Regeneration and resistance in Başıbüyük and Tarlabaşı. D. Göktürk, L. Soysal ve İ. Türeli (der.) Orienting Istanbul: Cultural Capital of Europe? (ss. 51-70). New York: Routledge.
  • Watt, Paul. (2013) ‘It’s not for us’: Regeneration, the 2012 Olympics and the gentrification of East London. City, 17 (1): 99-118.
  • Weber, Rachel. (2002) Extracting value from the city: Neoliberalism and urban redevelopment. Antipode, 34 (3): 519-540.
  • Vale, Lawrence J. and Freemark, Yonah. (2012) From public housing to public-private housing: 75 years of American social experimentation, Journal of the American Planning Association, 78 (4): 379-402.
  • Van Gent, W.P.C. (2013) Neoliberalization, housing institutions and variegated gentrification: How the ‘third wave’ broke in Amsterdam. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 37 (2): 503-522.
  • Verlic, Mara. (2013) Housing neo-liberalization and displacement? Emerging rent gaps in Vienna’s highly regulated housing market. International Sociological Association RC 21, Resourcesful Cities Konferansına sunulan bildiri, Berlin, 29-31 Ağustos.
  • Vervoort, Miranda. (2011) Ethnic concentration in the Neighbourhood: Weak and strong social ties examined. Urban Studies, 49 (4): 897-915.

The Effect of Neoliberal Urban Projects and Housing Policies on Immigrants’ Lives and Spaces: A New Research Agenda in Migration Studies

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 15, 198 - 213, 31.01.2015

Öz

This article aims to connect migration studies with
urban studies. It discusses the outcomes of urban renewal projects and the
privatization of social housing, both under the auspices of neoliberal
policies, on the lives and spaces of immigrants. It relies on academic
literature as well as personal observations and interviews, and presents
examples from different cities in different countries to support its argument.
The concepts that are developed in urban studies, such as neoliberal urbanism,
urban renewal, gentrification and displacement, are helpful for migrant
researchers who aim to understand the transformations in the lives of
immigrants as the result of neoliberal policies. In addition, the privatization
of social housing under the neoliberal ideology, which was one of the prime
programs of the welfare state, and the attempt of turning social housing
residents into home owners by providing credits with long maturities in the
mortgage system are important to address in any migration study that aims to
understand the lives and identities of immigrants, as well as their
relationship with their neighborhoods and homes. The tentative conclusion of
the article is that the neoliberal policies and practices that target urban
spaces and social housing bring immigrants mostly disadvantages. In the case of
home ownership, immigrants tend to take on new identities via their homes, as
well as new relationship with their residential environments.

Kaynakça

  • Benton-Short, Lisa, Price, Marie D., and Friedman, Samantha (2005) Globalization from below: The ranking of global immigrant cities. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 29 (4): 945-959.
  • Bolt, G., Burgers, Jack and van Kempen, Ronald. (1998) On the social significance of spatial location: spatial segregation and social inclusion. Netherlands Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 13 (1): 83-95.
  • Brenner, Neil, Peck, Jamie, and Theodore, Nik. (2005) Neoliberal urbanism: Cities and the rule of markets. http://web.iaincirebon.ac.id/ebook/moon/.../Brenner-Peck-Theodore_Neoliberal _urbanism.pdf
  • Buffel, Tine. (2014) Experiences of home among first generation Turkish immigrants living in Brussels, Belgium. Turkish Migration Conference: Comparative Perspectives and Continuities konferansına sunulan bilidiri, Londra, 30 Mayıs-1 June.
  • Burgess, Ernest W. (2004) The growth of the city: An introduction to a research project. The City Cultures Reader (ss. 20-27). New York and London: Routledge.
  • Butler, Tim. (2007) Re-urbanizing London Docklands: Gentrification, suburbanization or new urbanism? International Journal of Urban Regional Research, 31 (4): 759-781.
  • Clampet-Lundquist, Susan. (2010) “Everyone had your back”: Social ties, perceived safety, and public housing relocation. City & Community, 9 (1): 87-108.
  • Davison, Gethin, Dovey, Kim and Woodcock, Ian. (2012) “Keeping Dalston different”: Defending place-identity in East London. Planning Theory & Practice, 13 (1): 47-69.
  • Ehrkamp, Patricia. (2005) Placing identities: Transnational practices and local attachments of Turkish immigrants in Germany. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 31 (2): 345-364.
  • Freiheit, Manuela ve Seidelsohn, Kristina. (2014) Perspectives on conflicts and potentials in a changing neighborhood: Berlin-Neukölln and the role of urban governance. Turkish Migration Conference: Comparative Perspectives and Continuities konferansına sunulan bildiri, Londra, 30 Mayıs-1 June.
  • Friedrichs, Jurgen, Galster, George and Musterd, Sako. (2003) Neighbourhood effects on social opportunities: the European and American research and policy context, Housing Studies, 18 (6): 797-806.
  • Hackworth, Jason ve Smith, Nil. (2001) The changing state of gentrification. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 92 (4): 464–477.
  • Harvey, David. (1989) From managerialism to entrepreneurialism: the transformation in urban governance in late capitalism. Geografiska Annaler B, 71 (1): 3-17.
  • Holm, Andrej. (2006) Urban renewal and the end of social housing: The roll out of neoliberalism in East Berlin’s Prenzlauer Berg. Social Justice, 33 (3): 114-128.
  • Huber, Florian J. (2011) Sensitive urban renewal or gentrification? The case of the Karmeliterviertel in Vienna, Camilla Perrone, Gabriele Manella, Lorenzo Tripodi (der.), Everyday Life in the Segmented City (Research in Urban Sociology, Cilt 11, ss.223-239), Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  • Kılıçkıran, Didem. (2013) Göçmen evlerinde geçmişi okumak. Kültür Araştırmaları Derneği’nin düzenlediği Bellek ve Kültür Sempozyumuna sunulan bildiri. Bilkent Üniversitesi, Ankara, 5-7 Eylül. Manzo, Lynne C., Kleit, Rachel G. ve Couch, Dawn. (2008) “Moving three times is like having your house on fire once”: The experience of place and impending displacement among public housing residents. Urban Studies, 45 (9): 1855-1878.
  • Marcus, Peter ve van Kempen Ronald. (der) (2000) Globalizing Cities: A New Spatial Order. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Massey, Dougles S. (1985) Ethnic residential segregation: A theoretical synthesis and empirical review. Sociology and Social Research, 69 (3): 315-350.
  • Murdie, Robert ve Ghosh, Sutama. (2010) Does spatial concentration always mean a lack of integration? Exploring ethnic concentration and integration in Toronto. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36 (2): 293-311.
  • Roy, Ananya. (2010) Poverty Capital: Microfinance and the Making of Development. New York: Routledge.
  • Schiller, Nina Glick ve Çağlar, Ayşe. (2009) Towards a comparative theory of locality in migration studies: Migrant incorporation and city scale. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 35 (2): 177-202.
  • Smith, A. (1989) Gentrification and the spatial constitution of the state: The restructuring of London’s Docklands. Antipode, 21 (3): 232-260.
  • Smith, Neil. (1987) Gentrification and the rent gap. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 77 (3): 462-478.
  • Ünsal, Özlem and Kuyucu, Tuna. (2010) Challenging the neoliberal regime: Regeneration and resistance in Başıbüyük and Tarlabaşı. D. Göktürk, L. Soysal ve İ. Türeli (der.) Orienting Istanbul: Cultural Capital of Europe? (ss. 51-70). New York: Routledge.
  • Watt, Paul. (2013) ‘It’s not for us’: Regeneration, the 2012 Olympics and the gentrification of East London. City, 17 (1): 99-118.
  • Weber, Rachel. (2002) Extracting value from the city: Neoliberalism and urban redevelopment. Antipode, 34 (3): 519-540.
  • Vale, Lawrence J. and Freemark, Yonah. (2012) From public housing to public-private housing: 75 years of American social experimentation, Journal of the American Planning Association, 78 (4): 379-402.
  • Van Gent, W.P.C. (2013) Neoliberalization, housing institutions and variegated gentrification: How the ‘third wave’ broke in Amsterdam. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 37 (2): 503-522.
  • Verlic, Mara. (2013) Housing neo-liberalization and displacement? Emerging rent gaps in Vienna’s highly regulated housing market. International Sociological Association RC 21, Resourcesful Cities Konferansına sunulan bildiri, Berlin, 29-31 Ağustos.
  • Vervoort, Miranda. (2011) Ethnic concentration in the Neighbourhood: Weak and strong social ties examined. Urban Studies, 49 (4): 897-915.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Tahire Erman Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 15

Kaynak Göster

APA Erman, T. (2015). Neoliberal Kent Projeleri ve Konut Politikalarının Göçmen Mahalle ve Yaşamlarına Etkisi: Göç Çalışmalarına Yeni bir Araştırma Gündemi Denemesi. İDEALKENT, 6(15), 198-213.