Cost/Performance Analysis of Battery Pack placed in Spare Tire Area for Extending the Range of Hybrid, and Electric Vehicles

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 252 - 259

Mustafa Nurmuhammed Teoman Karadağ

https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1337867

Abstract

Recently, electric vehicles have been an alternative form of transportation promising a bright future as sales figures are increasing rapidly beyond expectations. In the near fu-ture, electric vehicles are expected to dominate the market with numerous advantages over vehicles with internal combustion engines. The hybrid electric vehicles are often con-sidered a transition between the two due to added advantages of both models. Out of hy-brid models, plugin hybrid vehicles have more resemblance to the fully electric vehicles because of longer electric range and lower cost per mile. This paper investigates the use of the spare tire location to convert an existing battery pack or to install a new battery pack for a hybrid vehicle. Cost and range calculations are performed based on two most com-monly sold vehicles that use 16”, 17” and 18” size tires. Resulting battery packs are demonstrated through various battery dimensions and chemistries. Results are provided with cost and environmental benefits of utilizing an electric power for driving.

Keywords

Battery Pack Location in Hybrid Vehicles, Hybrid Vehicle Conversion, Plugin Hybrid Vehicle Batter-ies, Spare Tire Location

Supporting Institution

Inonu University Scientific Research Projects (SRP) Unit

Project Number

FDK-2023-3163

Thanks

This study was supported by Inonu University Scientific Re-search Projects (SRP) Unit in frame of the project code of No. FDK-2023-3163. As researchers, we thank the Inonu Universi-ty Scientific Research Projects (SRP) Unit for their support.

References

• [1] Bitencourt L, Abud T, Santos R, Borba B. Bass diffusion model adaptation considering public policies to improve electric vehicle sales—a Brazilian case study. Energies. 2021; 14(17): 5435. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14175435
• [2] Sankaran G, Venkatesan S. Total cost of ownership for electric vehicles passenger cars in India and alternatives to reduce the operating cost. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2022; 1100(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1100/1/012008
• [3] Solmaz H, Kocakulak T. Determination of Lithium Ion battery characteristics for hybrid vehicle models. Int J Automot Sci Technol. 2020; 4(4): 264-71. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..723043
• [4] Ekici YE, Dikmen İC, Nurmuhammed M, Karadağ T. Efficiency analysis of various batteries with real-time data on a hybrid electric vehicle. Int J Automot Sci Technol. 2021; 5(3): 214-223. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..946047
• [5] Scrosati B, Garche J. Lithium batteries: Status, prospects and future. J Power Sources. 2010; 195(9): 2419–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.11.048
• [6] Waldmann T, Scurtu RG, Richter K, Wohlfahrt-Mehrens M. 18650 vs. 21700 Li-ion cells – A direct comparison of electrochemical, thermal, and geometrical properties. J Power Sources. 2020; 472: 228614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228614
• [7] Rashid MIM, Danial H. ADVISOR simulation and performance test of split plug-in hybrid electric vehicle conversion. Energy Procedia. 2017; 105: 1408-1413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.524
• [8] Winstead V. Applied engineering with LabVIEW: Experiences from a plug-in hybrid project. 2008 Annual Conference & Exposition; 2008.
• [9] Ghorbani R, Bibeau E, Filizadeh S. On conversion of hybrid electric vehicles to plug-in. IEEE Trans Veh Technol. 2010; 59(4): 2016-2020.
• [10] Jenkins S, Ferdowsi M. HEV to PHEV conversion compatibility. 2008 IEEE Veh Power Propuls Conf VPPC 2008. 2008; 8–11.
• [11] Sveum P, Kizilel R, Khader M, Al-Hallaj S. IIT plug-in conversion project with the City of Chicago. VPPC 2007 - Proc 2007 IEEE Veh Power Propuls Conf. 2007; 493–497.
• [12] Aggarwal A, Chawla VK. A sustainable process for conversion of petrol engine vehicle to battery electric vehicle: A case study. Mater Today Proc. 2021; 38(1): 432-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.617
• [13] da Silva JE, Urbanetz J. Converting a conventional vehicle into an electric vehicle (EV). Brazilian Arch Biol Technol. 2019; 62(spe): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-smart-2019190007
• [14] Arora S, Shen W, Kapoor A. Review of mechanical design and strategic placement technique of a robust battery pack for electric vehicles. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2016; 60: 1319-1331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.03.013
• [15] Suriyamoorthy S, Gupta S, Kumar DP, Subramanian SC. Analysis of hub motor configuration and battery placement on ride comfort of electric trucks. 2019 IEEE Veh Power Propuls Conf VPPC; 2019; Hanoi, Vietnam.
• [16] Wang S, Chen Y. Effect of Battery Pack Connection on Vehicle Ride Comfort. Tehnički vjesnik. 2023; 30(2): 584–589. https://doi.org/10.17559/TV-20221109024651
• [17] Burnete, NicolaeMoldovanu Dan, Varga Bogdan, Mariasiu Florin, Iclodean Calin, Burnete Nicolae Vlad, Mihali Liviu OS. Van Dynamics Performance analysis for different battery pack placement. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Congress of Automotive and Transport Engineering (AMMA 2018). Springer; 2018: 338-345. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94409-8_38
• [18] Mustaffa N, Tukiman MM, Fawzi M, Osman SA. Conversion of a gasoline engine into an LPG-fuelled engine. ARPN J Eng Appl Sci. 2016; 11(14): 8568-8572.
• [19] Goddard T, McDonald A, Wei R, Batra D. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems in Top-Selling Vehicles in the United States: Cost, Vehicle Type, and Trim Level Disparities. Findings. 2022;(Nhtsa 2021). https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.38291
• [20] Ciez RE, Whitacre JF. Comparison between cylindrical and prismatic lithium-ion cell costs using a process based cost model. J Power Sources. 2017; 340: 273-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.11.054
• [21] Rajnish RK, Haq RU, Aggarwal AN, Verma N, Pandey R, Bhayana H. Four screws diamond configuration fixation for displaced, comminuted intracapsular fracture neck femur in young adults. Indian J Orthop. 2019; 53(1): 70-76. https://doi.org/10.4103/ortho.IJOrtho_333_17
• [22] Bajolle H, Lagadic M, Louvet N. The future of lithium-ion batteries: Exploring expert conceptions, market trends, and price scenarios. Energy Res Soc Sci. 2022; 93: 102850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102850
• [23] Liu Y, Zhu J, Sang Y, Sahraei-Ardakani M, Jing T, Zhao Y, et al. An aggregator-based dynamic pricing mechanism and optimal scheduling scheme for the electric vehicle charging. Front Energy Res. 2023; 10: 1037253. doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2022.1037253