Kompostlaştırılmış Tavuk Gübresinin Kavun (Cucumis melo ssp. melo) Yetiştiriciliğinde Kullanımı

Öz

Bu araştırmada, kompostlaştırılmış tavuk gübresi kullanım dozlarının kavun bitkisinin beslenmesine, meyve kalitesi ve verimine olan etkileri araştırılmıştır. Kavun yapraklarında bulunan azot, fosfor, potasyum, magnezyum, demir, mangan, çinko ve bakır elementlerinin konsantrasyonu tavuk gübresi uygulamalarına bağlı olarak arttığı belirlenmiştir. Kavun bitkisi yaprakların çinko elementi beslenmesi kontrol uygulamasında noksan düzeyde iken; tavuk gübresi uygulamalarının çinko elementi konsantrasyonunu yeterli düzeye ulaştırdığı tespit edilirken, mangan elementinin sadece 800 kg da-1 tavuk gübresi uygulamasında yeterli düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tavuk gübresi uygulamalarının meyve eti rengi ve meyve dış kabul renginin L, C* ve h değerleri ile birlikte meyve suyu pH değerini düşürdüğü belirlenmiştir. Tavuk gübresi uygulamalarının, meyve eti renginin L değerini düşürmesi, kavun üretiminde tavuk gübresi kullanımının meyvenin daha erken olgunlaşmasına neden olabileceği düşündürmektedir. Tavuk gübresi uygulamalarına bağlı olarak, SÇKM, meyve içi sertlik, ortalama meyve ağırlığı, ortalama meyve çapı ve meyve verimi genellikle artmıştır. Kontrol uygulamasına oranla tavuk gübresinin 400 kg da-1, 800 kg da-1 ve 1600 kg da-1 uygulama dozları kavun meyve verimini sırası ile %17.34, %34.69 ve %5.90 artırmıştır. Ancak en yüksek uygulama dozu olan 1600 kg da-1 tavuk gübresi uygulaması, kavun meyve verimini 400 kg da-1 ve 800 kg da-1 tavuk gübresi uygulamalarına göre % 9.75 ve %21.37 azaltmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, bu denemeye benzer koşullarda, kavun yetiştiriciliğinde en uygun tavuk gübresi uygulama dozunun 800 kg da-1 olduğu, 1600 kg da-1 tavuk gübresi uygulamasının doğru bir kullanım dozu olmadığı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Organik gübre
• Tavuk gübresi
• Kavun
• Meyve verimi
• Meyve kalitesi

Use of Composted Chicken Manure in Melon (Cucumis melo ssp. melo) Cultivation

Abstract

In this study, the effects of composted chicken manure application doses on melon plant nutrition, fruit quality and yield were investigated. It was determined that the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc and copper elements in melon leaves increased with chicken manure applications. While zinc element nutrition of melon plant leaves was deficient in the control application; it was determined that chicken manure applications brought zinc element concentration to a sufficient level, while manganese element was determined to be sufficient only in 800 kg da-1 chicken manure application. It was determined that chicken manure applications decreased L, C* and h values of fruit flesh color and fruit outer acceptance color as well as fruit juice pH value. The fact that chicken manure applications decreased the L value of fruit flesh color suggests that the use of chicken manure in melon production may cause the fruit to ripen earlier. The SCC, in-fruit firmness, average fruit weight, average fruit diameter, average fruit diameter and fruit yield generally increased with chicken manure treatments. Compared to the control treatment, 400 kg da-1, 800 kg da-1 and 1600 kg da-1 application doses of chicken manure increased melon fruit yield by 17.34%, 34.69% and 5.90%, respectively. However, the highest application rate of 1600 kg da-1 chicken manure reduced melon fruit yield by 9.75% and 21.37% compared to the 400 kg da-1 and 800 kg da-1 chicken manure applications, respectively. According to the results of the study, under conditions similar to this experiment, it was determined that the most suitable chicken manure application rate for melon cultivation is 800 kg ha-1, and that 1600 kg ha-1 chicken manure application is not the correct application rate.

Keywords

• Organic fertilizer
• Chicken manure
• Melon
• Fruit yield
• Fruit quality

References

1. Adnan, M., Fahad, S., Saleem, M. H., & Lal, R. (2025). Sustainable phosphorus management in calcareous soils: problems and prospects. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2025.2477269
2. Ata, N., & Kaplan, M. (2020). Tavuk gübresi ve fertigasyon EC’lerinin örtüaltı baharlık domates (Solanum lycopersicum) yetiştiriciliğinde verim ve kalite üzerine etkileri. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, 33(3), 425-431. https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.816624
3. Black, C. A., (1957). Soil-plant relationships.
4. Black, C. A., (1965). Methods of soil analysis Part 2. American Society of Agronomy Publisher.
5. Bonifaz, A., García-Salazar, E., & Frías-De-León, M. G. (2024). Climate change exacerbating fungal disease disparities. Current Fungal Infection Reports, 18(1), 1-12.
6. Bouyoucos, G. J. (1955). A recalibration of the hydrometer method for making mechanical analysis of the soils. Agrononmy Journal, 4(9), 434.
7. Bower, C. A., & Wilcox, L. L. (1965). Soluble salt methods of soil analysis, Methods of soil analysis Part 2 American Society of Agronomy Publisher.
8. Brodowska, M. S., Wyszkowski, M., & Karsznia, M. (2024). Application of urea and ammonium nitrate solution with potassium thiosulfate as a factor determining macroelement contents in plants. Agronomy, 14(6), 1097. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14061097

9. Brueck, H. (2008). Effects of nitrogen supply on water‐use efficiency of higher plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 171(2), 210-219. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200700080
10. Cavender, G., Liu, M., Fernandez-Salvador, J., Hobbs, D., Strik, B., Frei, B., & Zhao, Y. (2019). Effect of different commercial fertilizers, harvest date, and storage time on two organically grown blackberry cultivars: Physicochemical properties, antioxidant properties, and sugar profiles. Journal of Food Quality, 2019(1), 1390358. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1390358
11. Demir, S., Ellialtıoğlu, Ş., Yaşar, F., Kuşvuran, Ş., Yücer, M., & Türközü, D. (2012). Tuz Stresi Uygulanmış Yerli Kavun Aksesyonlarına ait Fidelerde. Nevşehir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(2).
12. Evliya, H. (1964). Kültür Bitkilerinin Beslenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, 36, 292-294. Grzanka, M., Sobiech, Ł., Filipczak, A., Danielewicz, J., Jajor, E., Horoszkiewicz, J., & Korbas, M. (2024). The efficacy of plant pathogens control by complexed forms of copper. Agriculture, 14(1), 139. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14010139
13. Haynes, R. J., & Judge, A. (2008). Influence of surface‐applied poultry manure on topsoil and subsoil acidity and salinity: A leaching column study. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 171(3), 370-377. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200700167
14. He, X., Zhu, H., Shi, A., & Wang, X. (2024). Optimizing nitrogen fertilizer management enhances rice yield, dry matter, and nitrogen use efficiency. Agronomy, 14(5), 919. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14050919
15. Hsu, C. M., & Lai, H. Y. (2022). Comprehensive assessment of the influence of applying two kinds of chicken-manure-processed organic fertilizers on soil properties, mineralization of nitrogen, and yields of three crops. Agronomy, 12(10), 2355. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102355
16. Jackson, M. C. (1967). Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall of India Private’Limited.
17. Javed, A., Ali, E., Afzal, K. B., Osman, A., & Riaz, S. (2022). Soil fertility: Factors affecting soil fertility, and biodiversity responsible for soil fertility. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences, 12(1), 21-33. https://doi.org/10.26502/ijpaes.202129
18. Jones, J. B. Jr., Wolf, B. & Mills H. A. (1991). Plant analysis handbook. Mikro-Makro Publishing. Jorge, N., da Silva, A. C., & Veronezi, C. M. (2022). Antioxidant and pharmacological activity of Cucumis melo var. cantaloupe. In Multiple biological activities of unconventional seed oils (pp. 147-170).
19. Kacar, B. (1972). Bitki ve Toprağın Kimyasal Analizleri II. Bitki Analizleri Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fak. Yayınları.
20. Kacar, B., İnal, A. (2008). Bitki Analizleri. Nobel Yayınları.
21. Kalkan H, Gözükara, G., & Kaplan M. (2017) Sera güzlük domates yetiştiriciliğinde yeni eğilim: sıvı organik gübre tüketimi. Academia Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 2(3), 92-100.
22. Kaur, N., Thakur, A., Sharma, V., Sharda, R., Dhaliwal, H. S., & Rattanpal, H. S. (2024). Fertigation with Nitrogen and Phosphorus Improve Plant Growth, Root Growth, and Buddability of Containerized Citrus Nursery Plants. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 55(22), 3330-3348. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2024.2392289
23. Li, H., Mei, X., Wang, J., Huang, F., Hao, W., & Li, B. (2021). Drip fertigation significantly increased crop yield, water productivity and nitrogen use efficiency with respect to traditional irrigation and fertilization practices: A meta-analysis in China. Agricultural Water Management, 244, 106534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106534
24. Maltas, A. S., & Kaplan, M. (2018). Effect of different amounts of acid application in fertigation on calcareous soil pH. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 41(4), 520-525. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2017.1392567
25. Maltaş A. Ş. (2023). Kompostlaştırılmış büyükbaş hayvan gübresinin aşısız karpuz üretimindeki kullanım etkinliği. Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Dergisi, 11(2) 75-81. https://doi.org/10.33409/tbbbd.1355060
26. Manogaran, M. D., Shamsuddin, R., Yusoff, M. H. M., Lay, M., & Siyal, A. A. (2022). A review on treatment processes of chicken manure. Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy, 2, 100013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clcb.2022.100013
27. Mayele, J. M., & Abu, F. R. (2023). Determining the Effects of Selected Organic Fertilizer on Growth and Yields of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum: Var. Rio Grande Tomatoes) in Mundri West County, Western Equatoria State, South Sudan. Agricultural Sciences, 14(9), 1343-1374.
28. McGuire, R. G. (1992). Reporting of objective color measurements. Horticulture Science, 27, 1254-1255.
29. Meiri, H., Spira, M. E., & Parnas, I. (1981). Membrane Conductance and Action Potential of a Regenerating Axonal Tip, Science, 211, 709 – 712.
30. Mendoza, F., Dejmek, P., & Aguilera, J. M. (2006). Calibrated color measurements of agricultural foods using image analysis. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 41(3), 285-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.04.004
31. Okba, S. K., Abo Ogiela, H. M., Mehesen, A., Mikhael, G. B., Alam-Eldein, S. M., & Tubeileh, A. M. (2025). Influence of Compost and Biological Fertilization with Reducing the Rates of Mineral Fertilizers on Vegetative Growth, Nutritional Status, Yield and Fruit Quality of ‘Anna’Apples. Agronomy, 15(3), 662. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15030662
32. Oladeji, O. A., Atungwu, J. J., Otusanya, M. O., Olowokere, F. A., Ayoade, S. O., & Aborisade, M. A. (2025). Rock dust and poultry manure amendments suppress root-knot nematodes and enhance fruit yield in watermelon fields. Crop Protection, 107295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107295
33. Olsen, S. R., & Sommer, E. L. (1982). Phosphorus. In:Page, A.L, Ed., Methods of soil analysis Part 2: Chemical and microbiological properties. American Society of Agronomy.
34. Panday, D., Bhusal, N., Das, S., & Ghalehgolabbehbahani, A. (2024). Rooted in nature: the rise, challenges, and potential of organic farming and fertilizers in agroecosystems. Sustainability, 16(4), 1530. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16041530
35. Reddy, R. V. S. K., Omprasad, J., & Janakiram, T. (2022). Ethnic vegetables for urban nutrition. Current Horticulture, 10(2), 16-23.
36. Sayğı, H. (2021). Effects of green manure and poultry manure on strawberry production and soil fertility. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 10(4), 439-448.
37. Shan, G., Li, W., Gao, Y., Tan, W., & Xi, B. (2021). Additives for reducing nitrogen loss during composting: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 307, 127308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127308
38. Shannon M. C., &Francois, L. E. (1978). Salt Tolerance of Three Muskmelon Cultivars, Journal of theAmerican Society for Horticultural Science, 103, 127-130.
39. Sharma, K. K., & Sachan, H. K. (2024). Salinity and Variety Effects on Yield, Yield Attributes and Soil of Tomato under Greenhouse Conditions of Central Fiji. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 58(2). https://doi.org/10.18805/IJARe.AF-800
40. Sönmez, İ., Maltaş, A. Ş., Sarikaya, H. Ş., Doğan, A., & Kaplan, M. (2019). Tavuk gübresi uygulamalarinin domates (Solanum lycopersicum L.) gelişimi ve verim üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi. Mediterranean Agriculture Science, 32, 101–107. https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.458868
41. Tavalı, I. E., Maltas, A. S., Uz, I., & Kaplan, M. (2019). Short-term effects of solid and liquid manure amendments on microbial activity of an alkaline soil with high lime content during horticultural plant growing. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 50(21), 2767-2776. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2019.1679164
42. Thepsilvisut, O., Chutimanukul, P., Sae-Tan, S., & Ehara, H. (2022). Effect of chicken manure and chemical fertilizer on the yield and qualities of white mugwort at dissimilar harvesting times. PLoS One, 17(4), e0266190. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266190
43. Vo, M. H., & Wang, C. H. (2015). Effects of manure composts and their combination with inorganic fertilizer on acid soil properties and the growth of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.). Compost Science & Utilization, 23(2), 117-127. https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657X.2014.984368
44. Weng, J., Rehman, A., Li, P., Chang, L., Zhang, Y., & Niu, Q. (2022). Physiological and transcriptomic analysis reveals the responses and difference to high temperature and humidity stress in two melon genotypes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(2), 734. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020734
45. Yuniwati, E. D., Darmayanti, R., & Farooq, S. M. Y. (2023). How is organic fertilizer produced and applied to chili and eggplant plants?. AMCA Journal of Community Development, 3(2), 88-94. https://doi.org/10.51773/ajcd.v3i2.300
46. Zhuang, L., Wang, P., Hu, W., Yang, R., Zhang, Q., Jian, Y., & Zou, Y. (2024). A comprehensive study on the impact of chemical fertilizer reduction and organic manure application on soil fertility and apple orchard productivity. Agronomy, 14(7), 1398. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14071398