Orta Anadolu Bölgesi Fasulye Ekiliş Alanlarında Akar Faunasının Tespiti ve Önemli Zararlı Türün Popülasyon Değişimi

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 364 - 375

Narin Gök , Aydemir Barış , Nabi Alper Kumral , Sultan Çobanoğlu , Heval Diler

https://doi.org/10.24180/ijaws.1517883

Abstract

Fabaceae familyasından olan fasulye (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Orta Amerika menşeli tek yıllık otsu bir bitki türüdür. Fasulye, bütün ülkelerde olduğu gibi ülkemizde de en fazla tüketilen baklagillerdendir. Fasulye verimini etkileyen çok sayıda biyotik ve abiyotik faktör bulunmakta olup, biyotik faktörler içerisinde ise akarlar önemli bir zararlı grubu oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı 2017-2018 yılları arasında 3 farklı ilde biyotik faktör olarak fasulyede zararlı olan akar türlerini ve önemli türün popülasyon değişiminin belirlenmesidir. Bitki zararlısı akar türlerinden Tetranychus urticae Koch, Tetranychus atlanticus (McGregor), Tetranychus solanacearum (Cobanoglu&Ueckermann, 2015) ve Schizotetranychus asparagi (Oudemans, 1928) tespit edilmiştir. Bu türler arasında fasulyede en yaygın zarar yapan türün T. urticae olduğu belirlenmiştir. Zararlı türün popülasyonu 2-4 haftalık aralıklarla farklı tarihlerde yapılan sayımlarda tarla bulaşma oranı (%), ilçe ortalama bulaşma oranı (%) ve il ortalama bulaşma oranları saptanmıştır. Ayrıca yaprak başına düşen ortalama akar yoğunluğu (yaprak/adet) hesaplanmıştır. Buna göre Ankara ilinde bulaşma oranı %22.31 ile başlayıp %100’e kadar çıktığı, yaprak başına düşen akar sayısının 0.0 ile 1.92 adet arasında değiştiği; Konya ilinde ise %27.03 ile başlayan bulaşma oranının %88.99 kadar ulaştığı, yaprak başına düşen akar sayısının ise 0.08 ile 49.57 adet arasında değiştiği; Afyonkarahisar ilinde ise %5.55 ile başlayan bulaşma oranının %100’e kadar çıktığı, yaprak başına düşen akar sayısının ise 0.83 ile 27.57 adet arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Fasulyede faunistik olarak bölgede yapılan ilk çalışma olup, ayrıca belirlenen zararlı akar türleri arasında Türkiye’de ilk kez S. asparagi tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca T. solanacearum fasulye bitkisinde ilk tespiti yapılmıştır.

Keywords

Acari, faunistik, ilk kayıt, Schizotetranychus asparagi, Tetranychus urticae, fitofag akar

Ethical Statement

Herhangi bir etik ihlali bulunmamaktadır.

Supporting Institution

Zirai Mücadele Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü

Determination of Mite Fauna in Common Bean Plantations of Central Anatolia Region and Seasonal Population Fluctutation of Major Pest Species

Abstract

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a member of the Fabaceae family, are annual herbaceous plant originating from Central America. Common beans are among the most consumed legumes worldwide. There are numerous biotic and abiotic factors that affect common bean yield, with mites forming a significant group of pests among the biotic factors. The aim of this study, conducted in three different provinces from 2017 to 2018, was to identify mite species as biotic factors and monitor population fluctuations of major mite pest species on common beans. The identified plant pest mite species were Tetranychus urticae Koch, Tetranychus atlanticus (McGregor), Tetranychus solanacearum (Cobanoglu & Ueckermann, 2015), and Schizotetranychus asparagi (Oudemans, 1928), with T. urticae being the most prevalent pest in beans. The populations of these pest species were monitored at 2-4 week intervals, and field infection rates (%), district average infection rates (%), and provincial average infection rates were determined. Additionally, the average mite density per leaf (mites/leaf) was calculated. In Ankara province, infection rates started at 22.31% and reached 100%, with mite density per leaf ranging from 0.0 to 1.92. In Konya province, infection rates started at 27.03% and reached 88.99%, with mite density per leaf ranging from 0.08 to 49.57. In Afyonkarahisar province, infection rates started at 5.55% and reached 100%, with mite density per leaf ranging from 0.83 to 27.57. This study is the first faunistic survey in the region, identifying S. asparagi in Türkiye for the first time among the harmful mite species, and T. solanacearum was detected for the first time on common bean.

Keywords

Acari, faunistic, first report, Schizotetranychus asparagi, Tetranychus urticae, phytophagus mite

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