Volume: 2 Issue: 1 , 6/26/25

Year: 2025

Research Article

Review

The International Journal of Engineering Approaches (IJEA) is dedicated to experimental and theoretical studies in the field of engineering and prioritises the publication of articles on popular topics in engineering. The journal aims to bring the most popular developments in science and technology to researchers, engineers and other interested audiences. IJEA is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles as well as review articles in various fields of engineering.

The International Journal of Engineering Approaches (IJEA) contains the following areas and research topics related to a wide range of engineering disciplines:

Mechanical Engineering
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Computer Engineering
Manufacturing Engineering
Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
Biomedical Engineering
Civil Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Agricultural Engineering
Environmental Engineering
Food Engineering
Mining Engineering
Physics Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Polymer Engineering
Nuclear Energy Engineering
Energy Systems Engineering
Textile Engineering
Earth Sciences
Automotive Engineering

International Journal of Engineering Approaches accepts original articles in Turkish and English. Research articles and review articles are accepted in terms of the submitted publication category.

Research Article: Academic papers detailing a new and original research study, describing the methodology, findings and conclusions.

Review Article: Articles that comprehensively review the existing scientific literature on a specific topic, summarise and evaluate current knowledge and technological developments, and compare and interpret the findings.

During the first submission to the journal, manuscript, cover page and Copyright transfer form must be uploaded. Author information should not be included in the manuscript. For the publications accepted after evaluation, it is requested to prepare the manuscript in accordance with the journal template. In the manuscript, Öz and Abstract sections should be at least 100 words and should not exceed 200 words. Öz and Abstract sections should not extend to the second page. The full text of the article should not exceed 7000 words for a research article and 10000 words for a review article.


References
References should be numbered with square brackets [] in the text and should be given in the bibliography in number order. All author names must be included in the references. References in the References section should be cited as in the examples below:

Article
[1]. Jahromi, B.H., Ajdari, A., Nayeb-Hashemi, H., and Vaziri, A. (2010) Autofrettage of layered and functionally graded metal–ceramic composite vessels, Composite structures, 92(8): 1813-1822.

Conference paper
[2]. Kıvak, T. and Şeker, U. (2016) Ti-6Al-4V alaşımının delinmesinde M42 HSS takımlara uygulanan kriyojenik işlemin delik kalitesi üzerindeki etkileri. 7th International Symposium On Machining, İstanbul, November.

Book
[3]. Shaw, M.C. and Cookson, J. (2005) Metal cutting principles, New York: Oxford university press.

Thesis
[4]. Akgün, M. (2021) Kesici takımlara uygulanan kriyojenik işlemin Inconel 625 nikel esaslı süper alaşımın işlenebilirliğine etkisinin deneysel nümerik ve istatistiksel araştırılması, Doktora Tezi, Karabük Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstirüsü, Karabük, 121.

Web page
[5]. Web Page: Sandvik Coromant Tool Guide, https://www.sandvik.coromant.com/tr-tr/products/pages/toolguide.aspx Last access date: 05.02.2020.


Additional Information
‘Conflict of Interest Statement’, “Acknowledgements or Funding Information”, “Author contribution” and “Data Availability Statement” before the References section parts are mandatory.

Examples:

Conflict of Interest Statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Funding Information: This study was not supported by any funding.

Author Contributions: The authors confirm their responsibilities for the design of the study, data collection, analysis and interpretation of the results, and preparation of the manuscript.

Data Availability Statement: The data generated and/or analyzed during this study are not publicly available but can be provided by the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

International Journal of Engineering Approaches (IJEA) follows the principles, standards and recommendations of COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) and ICMJE (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors) regarding publication ethics. Accordingly, all articles that do not comply with the accepted ethical standards are removed from publication. This includes articles containing possible irregularities and non-conformities detected after publication. Within the scope of publication ethics, all stakeholders are expected to carry the following ethical responsibilities in summary, and any ethical cases will be evaluated in accordance with COPE rules.

Ethical Responsibilities of Authors
- Authors must not have published their articles elsewhere or submitted them for publication.
- Authors must cite all quotations used in their articles.
- The authors declare that the article is their own work, that they have not plagiarised in any way, that all responsibilities arising from plagiarism belong to them, and that the journal has no responsibility in this regard.
- Authors should guarantee that they have made a scientific contribution to the article and it should be recognised that all authors have equal responsibility for the article.
- The corresponding author must guarantee that all co-authors named in the article consent to publication and to be named as co-authors. All persons who have made significant contributions to the study should be named as co-authors. Other people should be mentioned in the acknowledgements section.
- Authors are obliged to declare the supporting organisations, financial sources or conflict of interest.
- Authors should provide access to the data sets included in the article if deemed necessary.
- Authors must have prepared the articles submitted for publication in the journal in accordance with the rules of research and publication ethics. Separate ethics committee approval must be obtained for the researches conducted and for clinical and experimental human and animal studies that require ethics committee approval, and this approval must be stated and documented in the article.
Similarity Rate Information Note
All articles submitted for publication in our journal will be scanned with iThenticate: Plagiarism Detection Software package programme and a similarity report will be created for each article and attached to the application by the Corresponding Author. The similarity report result (Similarity Index) should be maximum 25% excluding references. If the similarity rate is higher, the article will be rejected without being taken into the evaluation stage.

Ethical Responsibilities of Reviewers
- Any selected reviewer who is not qualified to review the manuscript or who knows that it will be impossible for him/her to evaluate the manuscript quickly should inform the editor and ask for excuse from the review process.
- Reviewers are obliged to keep the manuscripts they receive confidential and not to use the information obtained from the review process for their personal benefit.
- Reviewers should not share their reports or information about the manuscript with others and should not communicate directly with the authors without the permission of the editor.
- Reviewers should be alert to potential ethical issues in the manuscript and bring them to the attention of the editor. This includes substantive similarity and overlap between the manuscript under review and any other published work of which the reviewer has personal knowledge.
- Refereeing should be done in an objective manner. No personal criticism of the authors should be made, and reviews should be constructive, honest and polite.
- Reviewers should consult with the editor before agreeing to review a manuscript in which they have a potential conflict of interest arising from a competitive, collaborative, or other relationship or connection with any of the authors.
Ethical Responsibilities of the Editorial Board
- It is the responsibility of the editorial board to decide which articles will be published in the journal. The editorial board should evaluate the manuscripts independently of race, gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, ethnicity, citizenship or political philosophy. The decision should be based on the accuracy, validity and significance of the article and the appropriateness of the scope of the journal. Existing legal requirements regarding defamation, copyright infringement, and plagiarism should also be taken into account.
- The editor or any editorial board member should not disclose information about a manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisors, and publishers.
- Unpublished material described in a submitted manuscript should not be used in the editor's or editorial board's own research without the express written permission of the author.

Editor-in-Chief

Finite Element Analysis , Mechanical Engineering, CAD/CAM Systems, Manufacturing Processes and Technologies (Excl. Textiles), Additive Manufacturing

Editorial Board Members

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Prof. Dr. Levent UĞUR AMASYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Finite Element Analysis , Biomechanic, CAD/CAM Systems, Manufacturing Management
Decision Support and Group Support Systems, Machine Learning, Fuzzy Computation, Evolutionary Computation
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Prof. Dr. Mehmet Burak BİLGİN It is not affiliated with an institution
Resource Technologies, CAD/CAM Systems, Manufacturing Processes and Technologies (Excl. Textiles)
Engineering, CAD/CAM Systems, Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Manufacturing Processes and Technologies (Excl. Textiles), Manufacturing Management, Additive Manufacturing, Machining, Optimization in Manufacturing
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Prof. Dr. Aytaç YİLDİZ BURSA TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ Web
Multiple Criteria Decision Making, Industrial Engineering, Manufacturing Processes and Technologies (Excl. Textiles), Technology Management and Business Models, Manufacturing and Service Systems, Optimization in Manufacturing, New Product Development

Section Editors

Electrochemistry, Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage (Excl. Chemical and Electrical), Composite and Hybrid Materials
Image Processing, Engineering, Bioelectronic, Electrical Engineering
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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Halil BAYRAM AMASYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ
Engineering, Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Engineering, Computational Methods in Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer (Incl. Computational Fluid Dynamics), Heat Transfer in Automotive, Vehicle Technique and Dynamics

was born on May 15, 1992, in the Güdül district of Ankara, Turkey. I completed my primary education at Hacı Mehmet Uçar Primary
School between 1998 and 2006. I began my secondary education at Etimesgut Anatolian High School in 2006 and continued at
Bahçelievler Anatolian High School from 2007 to 2010, where I graduated.
In 2010, I was admitted to the Department of Automotive Engineering at Çukurova University. During the 2013–2014 academic year, I
participated in the Erasmus Student Exchange Program and studied for one year at the Technical University of Liberec in Liberec, Czechia.
After completing my undergraduate degree in 2015, I commenced my master's studies in the same department. Upon graduation in
2015, I began working at SANKO Construction Equipment. In 2016, after being appointed as a Research Assistant in the Department of
Automotive Engineering at Çukurova University, I resigned from my position at SANKO. I completed my master's degree in 2018 and
began my doctoral studies the same year. I successfully completed my Ph.D. in 2023.
Currently, I am working as a Doctor Lecturer in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Thermodynamics, at Amasya
University. For a list of my national and international publications, please refer to my Google Scholar profile.

Energy, Mechanical Engineering, Internal Combustion Engines, Automotive Combustion and Fuel Engineering
Funda Kutlu Onay
Asst. Prof. Dr. Funda KUTLU ONAY AMASYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TEKNOLOJİ FAKÜLTESİ
Information and Computing Sciences, Image Processing, Algorithms and Calculation Theory, Human-Computer Interaction, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Satisfiability and Optimisation, Computer Software, Engineering
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Asst. Prof. Korhan ÖKTEN AMASYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage (Excl. Chemical and Electrical)
Information Security and Cryptology, Circuits and Systems, Numerical Design

Language editors

Electrochemistry, Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage (Excl. Chemical and Electrical), Composite and Hybrid Materials

Editorial Advisory Board Members

Plating Technology, Composite and Hybrid Materials, Nanomaterials
Arif Özkan
Prof. Dr. Arif ÖZKAN KOCAELİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Biomekanik, Makine Elemanları, Mukavemet, Sonlu Elemanlar, Biyomedikal
Engineering, Biomedical Diagnosis, Biomechanical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering

Sinop Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Bilgisayar Mühendisliği bölümünde çalışmaktayım.

Information and Computing Sciences, Decision Support and Group Support Systems, Image Processing, Deep Learning, Big Data, Fuzzy Computation
İhsan Korkut
Prof. Dr. İhsan KORKUT GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TEKNOLOJİ FAKÜLTESİ, İMALAT MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ Web
Finite Element Analysis , Industrial Product Design, Engineering, Control Theoryand Applications, Fracture Mechanics, Powder and Particle Technology, Control Engineering, Mechatronics and Robotics, Mechatronics Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Solid Mechanics, Resource Technologies, Numerical Methods in Mechanical Engineering, Machine Design and Machine Equipment, Machine Theory and Dynamics, Material Design and Behaviors, Numerical Modelling and Mechanical Characterisation, Composite and Hybrid Materials, Mechanical Vibrations and Noise, Vehicle Technique and Dynamics, CAD/CAM Systems, Manufacturing Processes and Technologies (Excl. Textiles)
Optimization Techniques in Mechanical Engineering, Tribology, Manufacturing Processes and Technologies (Excl. Textiles), Machining
CAD/CAM Systems
Fuzzy Computation, Electrical Engineering, Electrical Machines and Drives, Power Electronics, Control Theoryand Applications
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Asst. Prof. Dr. Engin Ufuk ERGÜL AMASYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Image Processing, Artificial Intelligence, Evolutionary Computation, Electrical Engineering, Renewable Energy Resources , Communications Engineering
Alişan Ayvaz
Asst. Prof. Dr. Alişan AYVAZ AMASYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Electrical Energy Transmission, Networks and Systems, Power Plants, Wind Energy Systems, Renewable Energy Resources
Finite Element Analysis , Engineering, Fracture Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering, Solid Mechanics, Material Design and Behaviors, Composite and Hybrid Materials, Material Characterization, Polymers and Plastics, Automotive Engineering
Engineering
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Prof. Dr. Ulvi ŞEKER GAZI UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY
Industrial Product Design, Mechanical Engineering, Composite and Hybrid Materials, CAD/CAM Systems, Manufacturing Processes and Technologies (Excl. Textiles)
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Asst. Prof. Dr. Canan ORAL AMASYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Pattern Recognition, Neural Networks, Supervised Learning, Circuits and Systems
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Prof. Dr. Özgen KORKMAZ AMASYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Computing Education, Human-Computer Interaction
Electrical Engineering
İbrahim Keles
Prof. Dr. İbrahim KELES Samsun Üniversitesi
Solid Mechanics, Numerical Methods in Mechanical Engineering, Machine Design and Machine Equipment
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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Şaban ÖZTÜRK ANKARA HACI BAYRAM VELI UNIVERSITY
Image Processing, Algorithms and Calculation Theory, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Machine Vision , Machine Learning Algorithms, Artificial Intelligence, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Imaging
Material Design and Behaviors, Manufacturing Processes and Technologies (Excl. Textiles)
Image Processing, Machine Learning Algorithms
Onuralp Uluer
Prof. Dr. Onuralp ULUER Gazi üniversitesi, teknoloji fakültesi, imalat mühendisliği bölümü
Non-Newtonian Fluid Flows (Incl. Rheology), Mechanical Engineering, Polymer Technologies, Polymers and Plastics
Unal Kurt
Prof. Dr. Unal KURT AMASYA UNİVERSİTESİ TEKNOLOJİ FAKÜLTESİ
Education, Electrical Engineering, Electrical Energy Generation (Incl. Renewables, Excl. Photovoltaics), Electrical Machines and Drives
Ali Keçebaş
Prof. Dr. Ali KEÇEBAŞ MUGLA SITKI KOCMAN UNIVERSITY Web
Solar Energy Systems, Geothermal Energy Systems, Thermal Power Systems, Installation Technologies
Harun Akkuş
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Harun AKKUŞ NİĞDE ÖMER HALİSDEMİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ, NİĞDE TEKNİK BİLİMLER MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU Web
Mechanical Engineering, Optimization Techniques in Mechanical Engineering, Tribology, Manufacturing Management, Optimization in Manufacturing
Behzat Gökçen Demir
Dr. Behzat Gökçen DEMİR Maden ve Petrol İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü
Mining, Energy and Natural Resources Law, Industrial Raw Material, Geological Sciences and Engineering
Fuat Kartal
Prof. Dr. Fuat KARTAL Kastamonu University Web

Associate Professor Dr. Fuat Kartal
Dr. Fuat Kartal is a faculty member in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University. Located in Kastamonu, Türkiye, this academic unit possesses deep expertise in disciplines such as Abrasive Waterjet Machining, Pressure Vessel Design and Analysis, Optimization of Engineering Designs, Finite Element Analysis, Additive Manufacturing Technologies, Advanced Manufacturing Methods, Product Development, Rapid Prototyping, and 3D Printing Technologies.

Dr. Kartal received his bachelor's degree in Mechanical Education from Kocaeli University in 2006 and successfully completed his master's degree from the same university in 2009. He culminated his academic journey by completing the Doctorate in Mechanical Engineering at Karabük University in 2015 and was awarded the title of "Associate Professor" by the Turkish Interuniversity Council (ÜAK) in 2020. An engineer who values traditional values, he strengthened his multifaceted academic background by earning his second bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering from Karabük University in 2023.

In his graduate research, he worked on the Experimental Fatigue Analysis of Automotive LPG Tanks under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Yasin Kişioğlu at Kocaeli University. In his doctoral thesis, he conducted an in-depth study of the Parameters Affecting Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness in Abrasive Waterjet Turning of AISI 1050 Steel under the guidance of Prof. Dr. Hasan Gökkaya.

His academic career began in 2008 as a lecturer in the Department of Mechanical and Metal Technologies at Kastamonu University's Vocational School. He continued as an assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering in 2015. He has been an associate professor since 2020. During this period, he has demonstrated strong leadership in both education and research.

Possessing a remarkable wealth of experience in academic and technological entrepreneurship, Dr. Dr. Kartal has made original contributions to the scientific world with eight patents; he has achieved top rankings in various competitions with the projects he developed; and he was also awarded the Academic Encouragement Award for his academic achievements.

These achievements strongly demonstrate his commitment not only to generating theoretical knowledge but also to transforming knowledge into technology and products.

With his visionary approach, deep engineering knowledge, and innovative thinking, Dr. Kartal continues to inspire the future of Kastamonu University's academic community and the broader engineering community.

Optimization Techniques in Mechanical Engineering, Additive Manufacturing
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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fikret POLAT DÜZCE ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Engineering, Computational Methods in Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer (Incl. Computational Fluid Dynamics), Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage (Excl. Chemical and Electrical), Heat Transfer in Automotive
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Prof. Dr. Halil DEMİR KARABÜK ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Mechanical Engineering, Machining
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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cenk GEZEGİN ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ

Cenk Gezegin received his Master's and Doctoral degrees in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Ondokuz Mayıs University (Samsun, Turkey) in 2006 and 2018, respectively. He has been an Assistant Professor at Ondokuz Mayıs University since 2020. His research interests include electrical installations, renewable energy systems, and power quality analysis of electrical grids.

Electrical Engineering, Power Plants, Photovoltaic Power Systems

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This work by Amasya University is licensed under CC BY-NC https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/