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Learning to be Austrian: A Meso-ethnographic Museum and National Identity Analysis

Year 2012, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 31 - 48, 01.06.2012

Abstract

References

  • long complex history and commonly appraised rich culture of the now small country. Some visitors to the
  • Belvedere thought that the display of Austria’s former glory compensates in some way for its contemporary
  • position as a relatively small country. Besides Austria’s baroque heroic past, the prestigious golden age of fin
  • de-siècle culture is what the Belvedere (willingly or unwillingly) associates with Austria itself. Though many
  • of the special exhibitions are scrupulously researched and displayed, exhibitions about the nation’s treasures
  • are what one visitor expressed with concern “almost a blatant, self-admitted form of propaganda.” The
  • seemingly cash-strapped Belvedere, it appears, is reluctant to resist the allure of well-endowed crowd-pleasers,
  • even when they verge on exploitation of the museum’s intellectual resources and professional integrity.
  • Anderson, B. (1983, 1991). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origins and spread of nationalism. London: Verso.
  • Apel, F. (1998). Deutscher Geist und deutsche Landschaft: Eine Topographie [German spirit and German landscape: A topography]. Munich: Albrecht Knaus.
  • Applegate, C. (1990). A nation of provincials: The German idea of heimat. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Bächler, G. (Ed.). (1994). Beitreten oder Trittbrettfahren: Die Zukunft der Neutralität in Europa [The future of neutrality in Europe]. Zurich: Rüegger.
  • Beller, S. (1999). The tragic carnival: Austrian culture in the First World War. In A. Roshwald & R. Stites (Eds.), European culture in the Great War: The arts, entertainment and propaganda, 1914-1918 (pp. 127–161). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Beller, S. (2006). A concise history of Austria. Cambridge: University Press.
  • Bischof, G., Pelinka, A., & Wodak, R. (Eds.). (2001). Neutrality in Austria. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
  • Bobbitt, P. (2002). The shield of Achilles: War, peace, and the course of history. New York: Alfred Knopf.
  • Breuss, S., Liebhart, K., & Pribersky, A. (1997). Rituale des nationalen Gedenkens—die Schweiz, Frankreich, Österreich und Deutschland im Vergleich [Rituals of national commemoration—Switzerland, France, Austria, and Germany in comparison]. In E. Brix & H. Stekl (Eds.), Der Kampf um das Gedächtnis [The fight for commemoration] (pp. 395–417). Vienna: Böhlau.
  • Brook–Shepherd, G. (1996). The Austrians: A thousand-year odyssey. London: Harper Collins.
  • Bruckmüller, E. (1993). The national identity of Austrians. In M. Teich & R. Porter (Eds.), The national question in Europe in historical context (pp. 196–227). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Connerton, P. (1989). How societies remember. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Crane, S. A. (2000). Curious cabinets and imaginary museums. In S. A. Crane (Ed.), Museums and memory (pp. 60–90). Stanford, CA: Stanford University.
  • Danninger, K. (1995, February, 24). Irgendwann stirbt der Vertrag sowieso [Someday the treaty will die anyway]. In Oberösterreichische Nachrichten, n. p.
  • Foucault, M. (1980). Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings, 1972–1977. Brighton: Harvester Press.
  • Garfinkel, H. (1967). Studies in ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Gillis, J. (Ed.). (1994). Commemorations: The politics of national identity. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Haller, M. (1996). Identität und Nationalstolz der Österreicher: Entwicklung und Wandel seit 1945 - Internationaler Vergleich. Wien: Böhlau Verlag.
  • Hall, S. (1996). Introduction: Who needs "identity"? In S. Hall & P. du Gay (Eds.), Questions of cultural identity (pp.1–17). London: Sage.
  • Hamisch, E. (2001). Wien: Heldenplatz [Vienna: Heroes square]. In E. Francois & H. Schulze (Eds.), Deutsche Erinnerungsorte [German places of memory] (pp. 105–121). Munich: C. H. Beck.
  • Heindl, W. (2001). Idole und Erinnerung: Gedanken zu (religiösen) Mythen in Zentraleuropa [Idols and memory: Thoughts on (religious) myths in central Europe]. In M. Csáky & K. Zeyringer (Eds.), Pluralitäten, Religionen und kulturelle Codes [Pluralities, religions and cultural codes] (pp. 31–48). Innsbruck: Studien Verlag.
  • Hofmann, P. (1988). The Viennese: Splendor, twilight, and exile. New York: Anchor Press.
  • Holland, D., Lachicotte Jr., W., Skinner, D., & Cain, C. (Eds.). (1998). Identity and agency in cultural worlds. London: Harvard University Press.
  • Hutchby, I., & Wooffitt, R. (1998). Conversation analysis: Principles, practices and applications. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Johnson, L. (1987). Introducing Austria: A short history. Vienna: Österreichischer Bundesverlag.
  • Johnston, W. M. (1972). The Austrian mind: An intellectual and social history, 1848–1938. Berkeley: University of California.
  • Kammen, M. (1991). Mystic chords of memory: The transformation of tradition in American culture. New York: Knopf.
  • Krapf, M. (2005). “You are gods on earth…” Carlo Innocenzo Carlone paints for Prince Eugene of Savoy’s Belvedere in Vienna. Belvedere–Zeitschrift für Bildende Kunst 11(2), 117–121.
  • Lamb-Faffelberger, M. (2003). Beyond “the sound of music”: The quest for cultural identity in modern Austria. The German Quarterly 76(3), 289–299.
  • Lowenthal, D. (1985). The past is a foreign country. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Lowenthal, D. (1993). Landscape as heritage: National scenes and global changes. In J. M. Fladmark (Ed.), Heritage: Conservation, interpretation and enterprise (pp. 3–15). London: Donhead.
  • Meining, D. W. (1979). Symbolic landscapes: Some idealizations of American communities. In D. W. Meining (Ed.), The interpretation of ordinary landscapes: Geographical essays (pp. 164–192). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Menasse, R. (1993). Das Land ohne Eigenschaften [The country without characteristics]. Vienna: Sonderzahl.
  • Miller, D. (1995). On nationality. Oxford: Clarendon.
  • Muir, R. (1999). Approaches to landscape. London: Macmillan.
  • Nora, P. (Ed.). (1996–1998). Realms of memory: Rethinking the French past. English-language ed. edited and with a foreword by L. D. Kritzman (A. Goldhammer, Trans.). New York: Columbia University.
  • Österreich-Album 1945–1955: Junge Menschen erforschen Alltags- und Zeitgeschichte [Austrian album 1945– 1955: Adolescents’ research on the history of every day life and contemporary history]. A student project initiated by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture in 2005. Retrieved June 6, 2008, from www.austria.gv.at
  • Pollak, M. (1992). Vienne 1900: Une identité blessée [Vienna 1900: An injured identity]. Paris: Editions Gallimard.
  • Rathkolb, O. (2001). International perceptions of Austrian neutrality. In G. Bischof, A. Pelinka, & R. Wodak, (Eds.), Neutrality in Austria (pp. 69–91). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
  • Riedl, J. (Ed.). (1995). Heimat: Auf der Suche nach der verlorenen Identität [In search of a lost identity]. [Exhibition catalogue of the Jewish Museum, Vienna]. Vienna: Brandstätter.
  • Robins, K. (2005). Identity. In T. Bennett, L. Grossberg, & M. Morris (Eds.), New keywords: A revised vocabulary on culture and society (pp. 174–175). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
  • Rotenberg, R. (1995). Landscape and power in Vienna. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Schama, S. (1995). Landscape and memory. London: Fontana Press.
  • Scheidl, H. W. (2005, May 4). Belvedere: Eine Schau, die Jugendliche stolz machen soll [A show that should make adolescents proud]. Die Presse. Retrieved December 14, 2007 from http://www.diepresse.com
  • Serrill, M., McWhirter, W., & Svoboda, W. (1986, April 7). Sequels running out of answers. Time. Retrieved April 30, 2008, from www.time.com
  • Smith, A. D. (2000). The nation in history: Historiographical debates ethnicity and nationalism. Hanover, NH: Brandeis University.
  • Stachel, P. (1998). Der Heldenplatz: Zur Semiotik eines österreichischen Gedächtnisortes [Heroes Square: On the semiotics of an Austrian place of memory]. In S. Riesenfellner (Ed.), Steinernes Bewusstsein: Die öffentliche Repräsentation staatlicher und nationaler Identität Österreich in seinen Denkmälern [Petrified consciousness: The public representation of Austria’s stately and national identity in its memorials] (pp. 619–656). Vienna: Böhlau.
  • Stourzh, G. (1998). Um Einheit und Freiheit: Staatsvertrag, Neutralität und das Ende der Ost-West-Besetzung Österreichs, 1945–1955 [For unity and liberty: State treaty, neutrality, and the end of the east-west occupation of Austria, 1945–1955]. Vienna: Böhlau.
  • Taylor, G. (1996). Cultural selection: why some achievements survive the test of time—and others don’t. New York: Basic Books.
  • Traeger, V. (Ed.). (2005). Biedermeier paintings from the Österreichische Galerie Belvedere. [Exhibition catalogue]. Vienna.
  • Trost, E. (1985). Prinz Eugen. Wien: Amalthea.
  • Uhl, H. (2005). “Österreich ist frei ” Die Re-Inszenierung der österreichischen Nachkriegsmythen im Jubiläumsjahr 2005 [Austria is free The reproduction of Austrian post-war myths in the anniversary year 2005]. In Schulheft 4(120), 29–39.
  • Wallis, B. (1994). Selling nations: International exhibitions and cultural diplomacy. In D. Sherman & I. Rogoff (Eds.), Museum culture: Histories, discourses, spectacles (pp. 265–281). London: Routledge.
  • Welchman, J. C. (Ed.). (2006). Institutional critique and after. Zurich: JRP/ Ringier.
Year 2012, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 31 - 48, 01.06.2012

Abstract

References

  • long complex history and commonly appraised rich culture of the now small country. Some visitors to the
  • Belvedere thought that the display of Austria’s former glory compensates in some way for its contemporary
  • position as a relatively small country. Besides Austria’s baroque heroic past, the prestigious golden age of fin
  • de-siècle culture is what the Belvedere (willingly or unwillingly) associates with Austria itself. Though many
  • of the special exhibitions are scrupulously researched and displayed, exhibitions about the nation’s treasures
  • are what one visitor expressed with concern “almost a blatant, self-admitted form of propaganda.” The
  • seemingly cash-strapped Belvedere, it appears, is reluctant to resist the allure of well-endowed crowd-pleasers,
  • even when they verge on exploitation of the museum’s intellectual resources and professional integrity.
  • Anderson, B. (1983, 1991). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origins and spread of nationalism. London: Verso.
  • Apel, F. (1998). Deutscher Geist und deutsche Landschaft: Eine Topographie [German spirit and German landscape: A topography]. Munich: Albrecht Knaus.
  • Applegate, C. (1990). A nation of provincials: The German idea of heimat. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Bächler, G. (Ed.). (1994). Beitreten oder Trittbrettfahren: Die Zukunft der Neutralität in Europa [The future of neutrality in Europe]. Zurich: Rüegger.
  • Beller, S. (1999). The tragic carnival: Austrian culture in the First World War. In A. Roshwald & R. Stites (Eds.), European culture in the Great War: The arts, entertainment and propaganda, 1914-1918 (pp. 127–161). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Beller, S. (2006). A concise history of Austria. Cambridge: University Press.
  • Bischof, G., Pelinka, A., & Wodak, R. (Eds.). (2001). Neutrality in Austria. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
  • Bobbitt, P. (2002). The shield of Achilles: War, peace, and the course of history. New York: Alfred Knopf.
  • Breuss, S., Liebhart, K., & Pribersky, A. (1997). Rituale des nationalen Gedenkens—die Schweiz, Frankreich, Österreich und Deutschland im Vergleich [Rituals of national commemoration—Switzerland, France, Austria, and Germany in comparison]. In E. Brix & H. Stekl (Eds.), Der Kampf um das Gedächtnis [The fight for commemoration] (pp. 395–417). Vienna: Böhlau.
  • Brook–Shepherd, G. (1996). The Austrians: A thousand-year odyssey. London: Harper Collins.
  • Bruckmüller, E. (1993). The national identity of Austrians. In M. Teich & R. Porter (Eds.), The national question in Europe in historical context (pp. 196–227). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Connerton, P. (1989). How societies remember. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Crane, S. A. (2000). Curious cabinets and imaginary museums. In S. A. Crane (Ed.), Museums and memory (pp. 60–90). Stanford, CA: Stanford University.
  • Danninger, K. (1995, February, 24). Irgendwann stirbt der Vertrag sowieso [Someday the treaty will die anyway]. In Oberösterreichische Nachrichten, n. p.
  • Foucault, M. (1980). Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings, 1972–1977. Brighton: Harvester Press.
  • Garfinkel, H. (1967). Studies in ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Gillis, J. (Ed.). (1994). Commemorations: The politics of national identity. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Haller, M. (1996). Identität und Nationalstolz der Österreicher: Entwicklung und Wandel seit 1945 - Internationaler Vergleich. Wien: Böhlau Verlag.
  • Hall, S. (1996). Introduction: Who needs "identity"? In S. Hall & P. du Gay (Eds.), Questions of cultural identity (pp.1–17). London: Sage.
  • Hamisch, E. (2001). Wien: Heldenplatz [Vienna: Heroes square]. In E. Francois & H. Schulze (Eds.), Deutsche Erinnerungsorte [German places of memory] (pp. 105–121). Munich: C. H. Beck.
  • Heindl, W. (2001). Idole und Erinnerung: Gedanken zu (religiösen) Mythen in Zentraleuropa [Idols and memory: Thoughts on (religious) myths in central Europe]. In M. Csáky & K. Zeyringer (Eds.), Pluralitäten, Religionen und kulturelle Codes [Pluralities, religions and cultural codes] (pp. 31–48). Innsbruck: Studien Verlag.
  • Hofmann, P. (1988). The Viennese: Splendor, twilight, and exile. New York: Anchor Press.
  • Holland, D., Lachicotte Jr., W., Skinner, D., & Cain, C. (Eds.). (1998). Identity and agency in cultural worlds. London: Harvard University Press.
  • Hutchby, I., & Wooffitt, R. (1998). Conversation analysis: Principles, practices and applications. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Johnson, L. (1987). Introducing Austria: A short history. Vienna: Österreichischer Bundesverlag.
  • Johnston, W. M. (1972). The Austrian mind: An intellectual and social history, 1848–1938. Berkeley: University of California.
  • Kammen, M. (1991). Mystic chords of memory: The transformation of tradition in American culture. New York: Knopf.
  • Krapf, M. (2005). “You are gods on earth…” Carlo Innocenzo Carlone paints for Prince Eugene of Savoy’s Belvedere in Vienna. Belvedere–Zeitschrift für Bildende Kunst 11(2), 117–121.
  • Lamb-Faffelberger, M. (2003). Beyond “the sound of music”: The quest for cultural identity in modern Austria. The German Quarterly 76(3), 289–299.
  • Lowenthal, D. (1985). The past is a foreign country. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Lowenthal, D. (1993). Landscape as heritage: National scenes and global changes. In J. M. Fladmark (Ed.), Heritage: Conservation, interpretation and enterprise (pp. 3–15). London: Donhead.
  • Meining, D. W. (1979). Symbolic landscapes: Some idealizations of American communities. In D. W. Meining (Ed.), The interpretation of ordinary landscapes: Geographical essays (pp. 164–192). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Menasse, R. (1993). Das Land ohne Eigenschaften [The country without characteristics]. Vienna: Sonderzahl.
  • Miller, D. (1995). On nationality. Oxford: Clarendon.
  • Muir, R. (1999). Approaches to landscape. London: Macmillan.
  • Nora, P. (Ed.). (1996–1998). Realms of memory: Rethinking the French past. English-language ed. edited and with a foreword by L. D. Kritzman (A. Goldhammer, Trans.). New York: Columbia University.
  • Österreich-Album 1945–1955: Junge Menschen erforschen Alltags- und Zeitgeschichte [Austrian album 1945– 1955: Adolescents’ research on the history of every day life and contemporary history]. A student project initiated by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture in 2005. Retrieved June 6, 2008, from www.austria.gv.at
  • Pollak, M. (1992). Vienne 1900: Une identité blessée [Vienna 1900: An injured identity]. Paris: Editions Gallimard.
  • Rathkolb, O. (2001). International perceptions of Austrian neutrality. In G. Bischof, A. Pelinka, & R. Wodak, (Eds.), Neutrality in Austria (pp. 69–91). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
  • Riedl, J. (Ed.). (1995). Heimat: Auf der Suche nach der verlorenen Identität [In search of a lost identity]. [Exhibition catalogue of the Jewish Museum, Vienna]. Vienna: Brandstätter.
  • Robins, K. (2005). Identity. In T. Bennett, L. Grossberg, & M. Morris (Eds.), New keywords: A revised vocabulary on culture and society (pp. 174–175). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
  • Rotenberg, R. (1995). Landscape and power in Vienna. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Schama, S. (1995). Landscape and memory. London: Fontana Press.
  • Scheidl, H. W. (2005, May 4). Belvedere: Eine Schau, die Jugendliche stolz machen soll [A show that should make adolescents proud]. Die Presse. Retrieved December 14, 2007 from http://www.diepresse.com
  • Serrill, M., McWhirter, W., & Svoboda, W. (1986, April 7). Sequels running out of answers. Time. Retrieved April 30, 2008, from www.time.com
  • Smith, A. D. (2000). The nation in history: Historiographical debates ethnicity and nationalism. Hanover, NH: Brandeis University.
  • Stachel, P. (1998). Der Heldenplatz: Zur Semiotik eines österreichischen Gedächtnisortes [Heroes Square: On the semiotics of an Austrian place of memory]. In S. Riesenfellner (Ed.), Steinernes Bewusstsein: Die öffentliche Repräsentation staatlicher und nationaler Identität Österreich in seinen Denkmälern [Petrified consciousness: The public representation of Austria’s stately and national identity in its memorials] (pp. 619–656). Vienna: Böhlau.
  • Stourzh, G. (1998). Um Einheit und Freiheit: Staatsvertrag, Neutralität und das Ende der Ost-West-Besetzung Österreichs, 1945–1955 [For unity and liberty: State treaty, neutrality, and the end of the east-west occupation of Austria, 1945–1955]. Vienna: Böhlau.
  • Taylor, G. (1996). Cultural selection: why some achievements survive the test of time—and others don’t. New York: Basic Books.
  • Traeger, V. (Ed.). (2005). Biedermeier paintings from the Österreichische Galerie Belvedere. [Exhibition catalogue]. Vienna.
  • Trost, E. (1985). Prinz Eugen. Wien: Amalthea.
  • Uhl, H. (2005). “Österreich ist frei ” Die Re-Inszenierung der österreichischen Nachkriegsmythen im Jubiläumsjahr 2005 [Austria is free The reproduction of Austrian post-war myths in the anniversary year 2005]. In Schulheft 4(120), 29–39.
  • Wallis, B. (1994). Selling nations: International exhibitions and cultural diplomacy. In D. Sherman & I. Rogoff (Eds.), Museum culture: Histories, discourses, spectacles (pp. 265–281). London: Routledge.
  • Welchman, J. C. (Ed.). (2006). Institutional critique and after. Zurich: JRP/ Ringier.
There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Martina Riedler This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Riedler, M. (2012). Learning to be Austrian: A Meso-ethnographic Museum and National Identity Analysis. International Journal of Educational Researchers, 3(2), 31-48.