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Microwave Extraction of Gallic Acid Equivalent of Total Flavonoids from Nigella sativa

Year 2017, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, Special Issue 1, 117 - 124, 25.11.2017
https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.363838

Abstract

Unfortunately, cancer is the most widespread disease in worldwide. Colorectal cancer is declared as the third most common cancer type. The usage of controlled-drug-releasing capsules for treating the cancer diseases has becoming more and more popular in the whole world. In the production of drug raw material, the first operation is an extraction of the phytochemicals from the herbal plant. The yield of the extraction operation is an important step for the economical and efficient production of such capsules. Thus the aim of this study was to optimize the microwave extraction of total flavonoids from Nigella sativa with methanol by using Response Surface Methodology based on Box-Behnken design. Microwave extraction experiments had been carried out with the parameters of microwave power, solid/liquid ratio and the and the application time. The optimum values were determined as 0.62 kW, 1/(47) g/mL, and 10.84 second, respectively. According to the quadratic surface of the extraction yield depending on those parameters, 309.60 mg/100g of gallic acid equivalent of total flavonoids can be obtained at the optimum conditions. As a result of the statistical analysis, this function was found as capable of expressing the effect of the parameters on the amount of total flavonoid production in industry. Nowadays, drying of the extracts and loading of the aqueous solutions of them into the prebiotic-coated probiotic capsules have been under consideration.

References

  • Rice-Evans, C. A., Miller, N. J., & Paganga, G. (1996). Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Free radical biology and medicine, 20(7), 933-956.
  • Sauvaget, C., Nagano, J., Hayashi, M., Spencer, E., Shimizu, Y., & Allen, N. (2003). Vegetables and fruit intake and cancer mortality in the Hiroshima/Nagasaki Life Span Study. British journal of cancer, 88(5), 689-694.
  • Scalbert, A., Johnson, I. T., & Saltmarsh, M. (2005). Polyphenols: antioxidants and beyond. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 81(1), 215S-217S.
  • Sant’Anna, V., Brandelli, A., Marczak, L. D. F., & Tessaro, I. C. (2012). Kinetic modeling of total polyphenol extraction from grape marc and characterization of the extracts. Separation and purification technology, 100, 82-87.
  • Minozzo, M., Popiolski, A., Dal Prá, V., Treichel, H., Cansian, R. L., Oliveira, J. V., ... & Mazutti, M. A. (2012). Modeling of the overal kinetic extraction from Maytenus aquifolia using compressed CO2. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 29(4), 835-843.
  • Jokić, S., Velić, D., Bilić, M., BuCić-koJić, A., PlANiNić, M., & ToMAS, S. (2010). Modelling of the process of solid-liquid extraction of total polyphenols from soybeans. Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 28(3), 206-212.
  • Burits, M., & Bucar, F. (2000). Antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa essential oil. Phytotherapy research, 14(5), 323-328.
  • Ait Mbarek, L., Ait Mouse, H., Elabbadi, N., Bensalah, M., Gamouh, A., Aboufatima, R., ... & Zyad, A. (2007). Anti-tumor properties of blackseed (Nigella sativa L.) extracts. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 40(6), 839-847.
  • Ali, B. H., & Blunden, G. (2003). Pharmacological and toxicological properties of Nigella sativa. Phytotherapy Research, 17(4), 299-305.
  • Wan, H. B., & Wong, M. K. (1996). Minimization of solvent consumption in pesticide residue analysis. Journal of Chromatography A, 754(1-2), 43-47.
  • Eskilsson, C. S., & Björklund, E. (2000). Analytical-scale microwave-assisted extraction. Journal of Chromatography A, 902(1), 227-250.
  • Lapornik, B., Prošek, M., & Wondra, A. G. (2005). Comparison of extracts prepared from plant by-products using different solvents and extraction time. Journal of food engineering, 71(2), 214-222.
  • Zancan, K. C., Marques, M. O., Petenate, A. J., & Meireles, M. A. A. (2002). Extraction of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) oleoresin with CO 2 and co-solvents: a study of the antioxidant action of the extracts. The Journal of supercritical fluids, 24(1), 57-76.
  • Turkyilmaz, H., Kartal, T., & Yildiz, S. Y. (2014). Optimization of lead adsorption of mordenite by response surface methodology: characterization and modification. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 12(1), 5.
  • Goktas, F. M., Sahin, B., & Yigitarslan, S. (2015). Production of sterilizing agents from Calendula officinalis extracts optimized by response surface methodology. International journal of analytical chemistry, 2015.
  • Dashtianeh, M., Vatanara, A., Fatemi, S., & Sefidkon, F. (2013). Optimization of supercritical extraction of Pimpinella affinis Ledeb. using response surface methodology. Journal of CO2 Utilization, 3, 1-6.
  • Levin, L., Herrmann, C., & Papinutti, V. L. (2008). Optimization of lignocellulolytic enzyme production by the white-rot fungus Trametes trogii in solid-state fermentation using response surface methodology. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 39(1), 207-214.
  • Zhao, Y., Hou, Y., Tang, G., Cai, E., Liu, S., Yang, H., ... & Wang, S. (2014). Optimization of ultrasonic extraction of phenolic compounds from Epimedium brevicornum maxim using response surface methodology and evaluation of its antioxidant activities in vitro. Journal of analytical methods in chemistry, 2014.
  • Sun, Z., Su, R., Qiao, J., Zhao, Z., & Wang, X. (2014). Flavonoids extraction from Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion): optimisation using response surface methodology and antioxidant activity. Journal of Chemistry, 2014.

Microwave Extraction of Gallic Acid Equivalent of Total Flavonoids from Nigella sativa

Year 2017, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, Special Issue 1, 117 - 124, 25.11.2017
https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.363838

Abstract

Unfortunately, cancer is the most widespread disease in
worldwide. Colorectal cancer is declared as the third most common cancer type. The
usage of controlled-drug-releasing capsules for treating the cancer diseases has
becoming more and more popular in the whole world. In the production of drug raw
material, the first operation is an extraction of the phytochemicals from the herbal
plant. The yield of the extraction operation is an important step for the economical
and efficient production of such capsules. Thus the aim of this study was to optimize
the microwave extraction of total flavonoids from Nigella sativa with methanol by using Response Surface Methodology based
on Box-Behnken design. Microwave extraction experiments had been carried out with
the parameters of microwave power, solid/liquid ratio and the and the application
time. The optimum values were determined as 0.62 kW, 1/(47) g/mL, and 10.84 second,
respectively. According to the quadratic surface of the extraction yield depending
on those parameters, 309.60 mg/100g of gallic acid equivalent of total flavonoids
can be obtained at the optimum conditions. As a result of the statistical analysis,
this function was found as capable of expressing the effect of the parameters on
the amount of total flavonoid production in industry. Nowadays, drying of the extracts
and loading of the aqueous solutions of them into the prebiotic-coated probiotic
capsules have been under consideration.

References

  • Rice-Evans, C. A., Miller, N. J., & Paganga, G. (1996). Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Free radical biology and medicine, 20(7), 933-956.
  • Sauvaget, C., Nagano, J., Hayashi, M., Spencer, E., Shimizu, Y., & Allen, N. (2003). Vegetables and fruit intake and cancer mortality in the Hiroshima/Nagasaki Life Span Study. British journal of cancer, 88(5), 689-694.
  • Scalbert, A., Johnson, I. T., & Saltmarsh, M. (2005). Polyphenols: antioxidants and beyond. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 81(1), 215S-217S.
  • Sant’Anna, V., Brandelli, A., Marczak, L. D. F., & Tessaro, I. C. (2012). Kinetic modeling of total polyphenol extraction from grape marc and characterization of the extracts. Separation and purification technology, 100, 82-87.
  • Minozzo, M., Popiolski, A., Dal Prá, V., Treichel, H., Cansian, R. L., Oliveira, J. V., ... & Mazutti, M. A. (2012). Modeling of the overal kinetic extraction from Maytenus aquifolia using compressed CO2. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 29(4), 835-843.
  • Jokić, S., Velić, D., Bilić, M., BuCić-koJić, A., PlANiNić, M., & ToMAS, S. (2010). Modelling of the process of solid-liquid extraction of total polyphenols from soybeans. Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 28(3), 206-212.
  • Burits, M., & Bucar, F. (2000). Antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa essential oil. Phytotherapy research, 14(5), 323-328.
  • Ait Mbarek, L., Ait Mouse, H., Elabbadi, N., Bensalah, M., Gamouh, A., Aboufatima, R., ... & Zyad, A. (2007). Anti-tumor properties of blackseed (Nigella sativa L.) extracts. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 40(6), 839-847.
  • Ali, B. H., & Blunden, G. (2003). Pharmacological and toxicological properties of Nigella sativa. Phytotherapy Research, 17(4), 299-305.
  • Wan, H. B., & Wong, M. K. (1996). Minimization of solvent consumption in pesticide residue analysis. Journal of Chromatography A, 754(1-2), 43-47.
  • Eskilsson, C. S., & Björklund, E. (2000). Analytical-scale microwave-assisted extraction. Journal of Chromatography A, 902(1), 227-250.
  • Lapornik, B., Prošek, M., & Wondra, A. G. (2005). Comparison of extracts prepared from plant by-products using different solvents and extraction time. Journal of food engineering, 71(2), 214-222.
  • Zancan, K. C., Marques, M. O., Petenate, A. J., & Meireles, M. A. A. (2002). Extraction of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) oleoresin with CO 2 and co-solvents: a study of the antioxidant action of the extracts. The Journal of supercritical fluids, 24(1), 57-76.
  • Turkyilmaz, H., Kartal, T., & Yildiz, S. Y. (2014). Optimization of lead adsorption of mordenite by response surface methodology: characterization and modification. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 12(1), 5.
  • Goktas, F. M., Sahin, B., & Yigitarslan, S. (2015). Production of sterilizing agents from Calendula officinalis extracts optimized by response surface methodology. International journal of analytical chemistry, 2015.
  • Dashtianeh, M., Vatanara, A., Fatemi, S., & Sefidkon, F. (2013). Optimization of supercritical extraction of Pimpinella affinis Ledeb. using response surface methodology. Journal of CO2 Utilization, 3, 1-6.
  • Levin, L., Herrmann, C., & Papinutti, V. L. (2008). Optimization of lignocellulolytic enzyme production by the white-rot fungus Trametes trogii in solid-state fermentation using response surface methodology. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 39(1), 207-214.
  • Zhao, Y., Hou, Y., Tang, G., Cai, E., Liu, S., Yang, H., ... & Wang, S. (2014). Optimization of ultrasonic extraction of phenolic compounds from Epimedium brevicornum maxim using response surface methodology and evaluation of its antioxidant activities in vitro. Journal of analytical methods in chemistry, 2014.
  • Sun, Z., Su, R., Qiao, J., Zhao, Z., & Wang, X. (2014). Flavonoids extraction from Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion): optimisation using response surface methodology and antioxidant activity. Journal of Chemistry, 2014.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Burcu Özturk This is me

Sibel Yiğitarslan

Publication Date November 25, 2017
Submission Date May 4, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 4 Issue: 3, Special Issue 1

Cite

APA Özturk, B., & Yiğitarslan, S. (2017). Microwave Extraction of Gallic Acid Equivalent of Total Flavonoids from Nigella sativa. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 4(3, Special Issue 1), 117-124. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.363838
International Journal of Secondary Metabolite

e-ISSN: 2148-6905