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Güney Afrika’da Halkla İlişkiler: Farklı Bir Yol Arayışına Vaka Analizi Yoluyla Bakmak

Year 2014, Issue: 38, 74 - 94, 30.06.2014

Abstract

20. yüzyılda bir bilim olarak ortaya çıkan halkla ilişkiler kısa süre içerisinde giderek önem kazanan, pek çok araştırmanın ve incelemenin yapıldığı bir alana dönüşmüştür. Özellikle 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren ulaşım, iletişim ve teknolojide yaşanan değişimlerle birlikte halkla ilişkilerin uluslararası bir alan haline geldiği söylenebilir. Ancak uluslararası halkla ilişkiler alanında halkla ilişkilerin diğer alanlarıyla kıyaslandığında az sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Uluslararası halkla ilişkiler araştırmalarının pek çoğunun da etnosentrik bir perspektiften yola çıkarak kurgulandığı görülmektedir. Pek çok çalışmada farklı ülkelerin halkla ilişkiler uygulamaları incelenirken bu ülkelerin siyasi, kültürel ve ekonomik altyapılarının değerlendirme dışında bırakıldığı ve halkla ilişkiler uygulamalarının batılı bir perspektifle değerlendirildiği söylenebilir. Bu makalenin konusu olan Güney Afrika halkla ilişkiler uygulamaları, oldukça farklı bir örnek oluşturmaktadır. Batılı ülkelerden siyasi, ekonomik ve kültürel olarak ayrı bir yapıya sahip olan Güney Afrika’da halkla ilişkiler uygulamaları, dezavantajlı gruplar ile diğerleri arasındaki eşitsizliği azaltmanın ve sosyal kalkınmanın bir aracı olarak da hizmet etmektedir. Makalede Güney Afrika’da halkla ilişkiler incelenirken, öncelikle ülkenin siyasi, ekonomik ve kültürel altyapısı, medya yapılanması, halkla ilişkilerin ülke içindeki gelişimi, ülkede hakim olan halkla ilişkiler modelleri, halkla ilişkilerin meslekleşmesi, ülkedeki meslek örgütleri ve halkla ilişkiler eğitimi incelenmiştir. Son olarak ise, 2012 yılında Güney Afrika’da PR Worx tarafından gerçekleştirilen ve 2012 PRISM ödülü kazanan Deskbags halkla ilişkiler kampanyası, sosyal kalkınmaya bir örnek oluşturması nedeniyle vaka analizi yoluyla araştırılmıştır.

References

  • Becerikli, Sema, (2005). Uluslararası Halkla İlişkiler, Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Coombs, T., Holladay, S., Hasanauer, G., (1994). “A Comparative Analysis of Public Relations: Identification and Interpretation of Similarities and Differences Between Professionalization in Austria, Norway and the United States”, Journal of Public Relations Research, 6(1): s. 23-39.
  • Culbertson, H. ve Chen, N., (2009). International Public Relations: A Comparative Analysis, Digital Printing, New York: Routledge.
  • Curtin, P. ve Gaiter, K., (2007). International Public Relations: Negotiating Culture, Identity and Power, London: Sage Publications.
  • Çiçek, Meral, (2013). “Mansoor Jaffer Röportajı”, www.yenisosyalizm.bolgspot. com, Erişim Tarihi: 30.12.2013.
  • DEİK (2013), www.deik.org.tr/Contents/FileAction/3848, Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2013.
  • Dal, Süleyman, (2012). Türkiye ile Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti Arasındaki Ekonomik İlişkiler, İstanbul: Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Daymon, C. ve Holloway, I., (2004). Qualitative Research Methods in Public Relations and Marketing Communications, Malta: Routledge.
  • De Beer, A. ve Mersham, G., (2004). “Public Relations in South Africa: A Communication Tool for Change”, James Tilson ve Emmanuel Alozie (der.), Toward The Common Good, Boston: Alyn & Bacon, s. 320-341.
  • Dışişleri Bakanlığı, 2013. http://www.mfa.gov.tr/guney-afrika-ekonomisi.tr.mfa, Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2013.
  • Freitag, A. ve Stokes, A., (2009). Global Public Relations: Spanning Borders, Spanning Cultures, New York: Routledge.
  • Gaiter, K. ve Al Kandri, A., (2014). “The Cultural-ecenomic Model and Public Relations in the Middle East: An Examination of The Islamic Banking System in Kuwait”, Public Relations Rewiev, 40(1): s. 33-41.
  • Heath, Robert, (2005). Encyclopedia of Public Relations, London: Sage Publications. Holtzhausen, Derina, (2005). “Public Relations Practice and Political Change in South Africa”, Public Relations Rewiev, 31(3): s. 407-416.
  • Holtzhausen, D. ve Peterson, Tindall, (2009). “Expolding the Myth of The Symmetrical/Asymmetrical Dichotomy: Public Relations Models in the New South Africa”, Journal of Public Relations Research, 15 (4): s. 305-341.
  • Molleda, Juan Carlos, (2001). “International Paradigms: The Latin American School of Public Relations”, Journalism Studies, 2(4): s. 513-530.
  • Ngani, C. ve Ng, P., (2013). “Transforming into the New Era: Public Relations Industry in Hong Kong and China”, Public Relations Rewiev, 39(5): s. 575-577. PRISA, 2013. www.prisa.co.za, Erişim Tarihi: 03.01.2014.
  • Rensburg, Ronel, (2009). “Public Relations in South Africa: From Rhetoric to Reality”, Krishnamurthy Sriramesh ve Dejan Vercic (der.), The Global Relations Handbook, New York: Routledge, s. 328-362.
  • Sriramesh, Krishnamurthy, (2002). “The Dire Need for Multiculturalism in Public Relations Education: An Asian Perspective”, Journal of Communication Management 7(1): s. 54-70.
  • Sriramesh, K. ve Vercic, D., (2009). The Golbal Public Relations Handbook, New York: Routledge.
  • Stacks, Don, (2002). Primer of Public Relations Research, USA: The Guilford Press.
  • Struweg, I. ve Meintjes, C., (2008). “The Professionalism Debate in South African Public Relations”, Public Relations Rewiev, 34(3): s. 224-229.
  • Taylor, M. ve Kent, M., (1999). “Challenging Assumptions of International Public Relations: When Government is the Most Important Public”, Public Relations Rewiev, 25 (2): s. 131-144.
  • Tilson, J. ve Alozie, E., (2004). Toward The Common Good, Boston: Alyn & Bacon. Tören, Tolga, (2013). “Apartheid Sonrası Güney Afrika: Ulusal Demokratik Devrim ve Siyah Sermaye İnşası”, Praksis, s. 32: 1-44.
  • Valantini, C. ve Sriramesh, K., (2013). “To be or Not to be: Paradoxes in Strategic Public Relations in Italy”, Public Relations Rewiev, 40(1): s. 3-13.
  • Van Ruler, B., Vercic, D., Bütschi, G. ve Flodin, B., (2004). “A First Look for Parameters of Public Relations in Europe”, Journal of Public Relations Research, 16(1): s. 1-34.
  • Vazquez, G. ve Taylor, M., (1999). “What Cultural Values Infulence American Public Relations Practitioners?”, Public Relations Rewiev, 25(4): s. 433-449.
  • Venter, Ben-Piet, (2010). “Views of PRISA-members on South African Public Relations: An Exploration”, Public Relations Review, 36(3): s. 281-284.
  • www.deskbags.co.za, Erişim Tarihi: 03.01.2014.
  • www.prworx.co.za, Erişim Tarihi: 03.01.2014.

Public Relations in South Africa: Looking a Different Way Through Case Study

Year 2014, Issue: 38, 74 - 94, 30.06.2014

Abstract

Public relations, which has come forth as a field in the 20th century has transformed into a discipline in that become increasingly important in a short time, done a bunch of research. Especially since the second half of the 20th century, along with changes in transportation, communications and technology, public relations became an international discipline. However, when it is compared with the other fields of public relations, there are a limited number of studies. In addition, it can be stated that most of the studies about international public relations was established with an ethnocentric perspective. It can be said that in many researches, when examining public relation practices of different countries, political, cultural and economic background of these countries was excluded from the study and practice of public relation evaluated with a Western perspective. South Africa, which is the subject of this article, forms a different example. The Public relation practices in South Africa, which has a different political, economic and cultural background of Western countries, also serves as a mean of reduce inequality between disadvantaged groups and others and social development. In this study while studying public relations in Africa, primarily country’s political, economic and cultural background, media structure, development of public relations within the country, the prevailing public relation models, professionalization of public relation and educaiton in public relation was analyzed. Finally, PRISM Award-winning Deskbags public relations campaign, which was carried by PRWorx in South Africa in 2012 and won was examined as a case study because it forms an example for usage of public relations as a mean of social development.

References

  • Becerikli, Sema, (2005). Uluslararası Halkla İlişkiler, Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Coombs, T., Holladay, S., Hasanauer, G., (1994). “A Comparative Analysis of Public Relations: Identification and Interpretation of Similarities and Differences Between Professionalization in Austria, Norway and the United States”, Journal of Public Relations Research, 6(1): s. 23-39.
  • Culbertson, H. ve Chen, N., (2009). International Public Relations: A Comparative Analysis, Digital Printing, New York: Routledge.
  • Curtin, P. ve Gaiter, K., (2007). International Public Relations: Negotiating Culture, Identity and Power, London: Sage Publications.
  • Çiçek, Meral, (2013). “Mansoor Jaffer Röportajı”, www.yenisosyalizm.bolgspot. com, Erişim Tarihi: 30.12.2013.
  • DEİK (2013), www.deik.org.tr/Contents/FileAction/3848, Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2013.
  • Dal, Süleyman, (2012). Türkiye ile Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti Arasındaki Ekonomik İlişkiler, İstanbul: Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Daymon, C. ve Holloway, I., (2004). Qualitative Research Methods in Public Relations and Marketing Communications, Malta: Routledge.
  • De Beer, A. ve Mersham, G., (2004). “Public Relations in South Africa: A Communication Tool for Change”, James Tilson ve Emmanuel Alozie (der.), Toward The Common Good, Boston: Alyn & Bacon, s. 320-341.
  • Dışişleri Bakanlığı, 2013. http://www.mfa.gov.tr/guney-afrika-ekonomisi.tr.mfa, Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2013.
  • Freitag, A. ve Stokes, A., (2009). Global Public Relations: Spanning Borders, Spanning Cultures, New York: Routledge.
  • Gaiter, K. ve Al Kandri, A., (2014). “The Cultural-ecenomic Model and Public Relations in the Middle East: An Examination of The Islamic Banking System in Kuwait”, Public Relations Rewiev, 40(1): s. 33-41.
  • Heath, Robert, (2005). Encyclopedia of Public Relations, London: Sage Publications. Holtzhausen, Derina, (2005). “Public Relations Practice and Political Change in South Africa”, Public Relations Rewiev, 31(3): s. 407-416.
  • Holtzhausen, D. ve Peterson, Tindall, (2009). “Expolding the Myth of The Symmetrical/Asymmetrical Dichotomy: Public Relations Models in the New South Africa”, Journal of Public Relations Research, 15 (4): s. 305-341.
  • Molleda, Juan Carlos, (2001). “International Paradigms: The Latin American School of Public Relations”, Journalism Studies, 2(4): s. 513-530.
  • Ngani, C. ve Ng, P., (2013). “Transforming into the New Era: Public Relations Industry in Hong Kong and China”, Public Relations Rewiev, 39(5): s. 575-577. PRISA, 2013. www.prisa.co.za, Erişim Tarihi: 03.01.2014.
  • Rensburg, Ronel, (2009). “Public Relations in South Africa: From Rhetoric to Reality”, Krishnamurthy Sriramesh ve Dejan Vercic (der.), The Global Relations Handbook, New York: Routledge, s. 328-362.
  • Sriramesh, Krishnamurthy, (2002). “The Dire Need for Multiculturalism in Public Relations Education: An Asian Perspective”, Journal of Communication Management 7(1): s. 54-70.
  • Sriramesh, K. ve Vercic, D., (2009). The Golbal Public Relations Handbook, New York: Routledge.
  • Stacks, Don, (2002). Primer of Public Relations Research, USA: The Guilford Press.
  • Struweg, I. ve Meintjes, C., (2008). “The Professionalism Debate in South African Public Relations”, Public Relations Rewiev, 34(3): s. 224-229.
  • Taylor, M. ve Kent, M., (1999). “Challenging Assumptions of International Public Relations: When Government is the Most Important Public”, Public Relations Rewiev, 25 (2): s. 131-144.
  • Tilson, J. ve Alozie, E., (2004). Toward The Common Good, Boston: Alyn & Bacon. Tören, Tolga, (2013). “Apartheid Sonrası Güney Afrika: Ulusal Demokratik Devrim ve Siyah Sermaye İnşası”, Praksis, s. 32: 1-44.
  • Valantini, C. ve Sriramesh, K., (2013). “To be or Not to be: Paradoxes in Strategic Public Relations in Italy”, Public Relations Rewiev, 40(1): s. 3-13.
  • Van Ruler, B., Vercic, D., Bütschi, G. ve Flodin, B., (2004). “A First Look for Parameters of Public Relations in Europe”, Journal of Public Relations Research, 16(1): s. 1-34.
  • Vazquez, G. ve Taylor, M., (1999). “What Cultural Values Infulence American Public Relations Practitioners?”, Public Relations Rewiev, 25(4): s. 433-449.
  • Venter, Ben-Piet, (2010). “Views of PRISA-members on South African Public Relations: An Exploration”, Public Relations Review, 36(3): s. 281-284.
  • www.deskbags.co.za, Erişim Tarihi: 03.01.2014.
  • www.prworx.co.za, Erişim Tarihi: 03.01.2014.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Communication and Media Studies
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Beris Artan Özoran This is me

Publication Date June 30, 2014
Submission Date March 25, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Issue: 38

Cite

APA Artan Özoran, B. (2014). Güney Afrika’da Halkla İlişkiler: Farklı Bir Yol Arayışına Vaka Analizi Yoluyla Bakmak. İletişim Kuram Ve Araştırma Dergisi, 2014(38), 74-94.