Gazetelerin Haber Karar Süreçleri ve Haber Kararlarını Etkileyen Faktörler: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Saha Araştırması

Year 2014, Issue: 39, 26 - 47, 30.12.2014

Uğur Küçüközyiğit

Abstract

Bu çalışma, gazetecilerin haber karar süreçlerini ve kararlarına etki eden faktörleri, haber toplantılarında yapılan gözlemler ışığında analiz etmektedir. Mesleğin en önemli karar platformu olan haber toplantılarına ilişkin bu gözlemler, dört ulusal gazetede, ‘Katılımcı Olmayan Gözlemci’ tekniğiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca, toplantılara katılan gazetecilerden, gözlem bulgularını derinleştirmeyi amaçlayan bir soru setini de cevaplamaları istenmiştir. Saha araştırması, gazetecilerin karar alma biçimleri, haber toplantılarının işleyişi ve toplantıların haber üretimindeki rolü hakkında karşılaştırmalı sonuçlar ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

Haber Kararı, Haber Toplantısı, Gündem Toplantısı, Birinci Sayfa Toplantısı

Decision Making Process of the Journals and Factors Affecting the News Decision Making Process: A Comparative Field Research

Abstract

This study, analysis the journalists’ decisionmaking processes and factors affecting the “news decision making” in the light of the observations on daily news planning sessions, which are the most important decision platforms of the journalism. Observations for the study were practiced by using “Non-participant Observer” method in four national newspapers. Additionally, participant journalists have been asked to fulfill a “deepening question set” to make the observations more trustable. This field research reveals comperative results about the journalists’ behivours of decision making, mechanism of news meetings and effect of these meetings to news production.

Keywords

News Decisionmaking, News Meeting, Agenda Meeting, Front Page Meeting.

References

• Axelrod, Robert, (1976). Structure Of Decision: The Cognitive Maps of Political Elites, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
• Brody, Richard, (1966). “Cognition And Behavior: A Model of International Relations”, Harvey O. J. (ed.), Experience, Structure, & Adaptability, New York:Springer, s. 321–348.
• ÇEBİ, Murat, Sadullah, (1996). “Medyada Haber Seçiminin Teorik Boyutları”, Bilig Dergisi, 3, (Güz’96), s.247-265, http://www.academia.edu/1435939, Erişim Tarihi: 22 Eylül 2014.
• Renita, Coleman, (2003). “Race and Ethical Reasoning: The Importance of Race to Journalistic Decision Making”, Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 80(2), s.295-310, http://jmq.sagepub.com/content/80/2/295, Erişim Tarihi: 26.6.2012. Donsbach, Wolfgang, (2004). “Psychology Of News Decisions: Factors Behind Journalists’ Professional Behavior”, Journalism, 5, (2), s.131–157, http://jou.sagepub. com/content/5/2/131, Erişim Tarihi: 21 Haziran 2012.
• Galtung, J. ve Ruge, M. H., (1965). “The Structure of Foreign News: The Presentation of the Congo, Cuba and Cyprus Crises in Four Norwegian Newspapers”, Journal of Peace Research, 2, (1), s.64-91, http://www.blisty.cz/files/2010/07/20/galtung- structure-foreign-news-1965.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 22 Eylül 2014.
• Gans, Herbert,.J.(2004/İlk Baskı: 1979). Deciding What’s News: A Study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek, and Time, Illinois: Nortwestern University Press.
• Holsti, Ole, R. (1962). “The Belief System And National Images: A Case Study”, The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 6, (3), s. 244-252. http://www.jstor.org/stable/172905, Erişim Tarihi: 18 Eylül 2014.
• Karasar, Niyazi, (2005). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi, Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
• Kepplinger, Hans, M. (2006). “Predicting News Decisions. An Empirical Test Of The Two-Component Theory Of News Selection”, Communication, 31, (1), s.25–43.
• Kepplinger, H. M., Brosius, H. ve Staab, J. F., (1991b). “Opinion Formation In Mediated Conflicts And Crises: A Theory Of Cognitive-Affective Media Effects”, International Journal Of Public Opinion Research, 3,(2), s.132–156.
• O’neill, D. ve Harcup, T., (1999). “News Values and Selectivity”, http://www.sfu.ca/medialab/archive/2009/326/Readings/Oneil_Harcup_News_values.pdf , Erişim Tarihi: 18 Eylül 2014.
• Reese, Stephen, D., (2001). “Understanding The Global Journalist: A Hierarchy- Of-Influences Approach”, Journalism Studies, 2, (2), s.173–187, http://www.tandfonline. com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14616700118394, Erişim Tarihi: 18 Eylül 2014.
• Reese, Stephen, D., (2009). “Managing The Symbolic Arena: The Media Sociology Of Herbert Gans”, http://journalism.utexas.edu/sites/journalism.utexas.edu/files/ attachments/reese/gans-published-chapter.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 18 Eylül 2014.
• Rigel, Nurdoğan, (2000). Haber, İstanbul: Der Yayınları.
• Shoemaker, P. J. ve Reese, S. D., (1996). Mediating The Message: Theories Of Influences On Mass Media Content (2. baskı), New York, Longman.
• Shoemaker, Pamela, J., (2006). “Hard-Wired for News: Using Biological and Cultural Evolution to Explain the News”, Communication Research, 33, (5), s. 346-369, http://crx.sagepub.com/content/33/5/346, Erişim Tarihi: 19 Ekim 2014.
• Stocking, S. H. ve Gross P. H., (1989). How Do Journalists Think? A Proposal for the Study of Cognitive Bias in Newsmaking, Bloomington: Indiana University, http:// eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED309463.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 19 Ekim 2014.
• Stocking, S. H. ve Lamarca, N., (1990). “How Journalists Describe Their Stories: Hypotheses And Assumptions In Newsmaking”, Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 67, s. 295–301.
• Walker, Stephen, G., (1979). “National Role Conceptions and Systemic Outcomes”, Falkowski L. (ed.), Psychological Models In International Politics, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, s. 169–210.
• Weaver, David. H., (1998). The Global Journalist: News People Around The World, New Jersey: Hampton Press.
• Weaver, D. ve Wilhoit, G., (1996). The American Journalist İn The 1990s: U. S. News People At The End Of An Era, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
• Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H., (2000). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.