Aşırı Sağ Yönetimlerde Meşruiyetin İnşası: Nazi Almanyası ve Netanyahu Dönemi İsrail’inin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, aşırı sağ hükümetlerin siyasal meşruiyetlerini kriz üretimi, düşman inşası ve güvenlik söyleminin kullanımı aracılığıyla nasıl inşa ettiklerini analiz etmektedir. Hitler’in Almanyası ile Netanyahu’nun İsrail’i olmak üzere tarihsel ve güncel iki olguyu karşılaştırmalı olarak ele almaktadır. Makalenin kuramsal çerçevesi, Carl Schmitt’in dost-düşman ayrımı, Giorgio Agamben’in istisna hâli kavramı ve Michel Foucault’nun biyopolitika anlayışı üzerine kuruludur. Nazi Almanyası’nda Yahudiler, ulusal birliğe yönelik içsel bir tehdit olarak tasvir edilmiştir. Bu algı, istisna hâlinin olağanlaştırılmasıyla birleşerek totaliter bir rejimin ortaya çıkmasını mümkün kılmıştır. Netanyahu’nun İsrail’inde kriz söylemi, İran, Hamas ve sol muhalefeti sistematik biçimde ötekileştirme aracına da dönüşmüştür. Her iki rejim, farklı tarihsel ve kültürel bağlamlarda ortaya çıkmış olsalar da, ortak olarak siyasal meşruiyetlerini krizlerin süreklileştirilmesine, düşman figürünün toplumsal hafızada kalıcı hale getirilmesine ve medyanın bu sürecin asli taşıyıcısı olarak kullanılmasına dayandırmaktadır. Bu bağlamda medya, yalnızca ideolojik değil, aynı zamanda psikolojik ve duygusal bir savaşın da temel cephesini oluşturmaktadır. Makale, aşırı sağ rejimlerin sürekli krizler ve düşman figürleri üreterek otoriterliği demokratik biçimler içinde yeniden ürettiklerini ileri sürmektedir.

Keywords

• Aşırı Sağ
• Meşruiyet
• Düşmanlaştırma
• Nazi Almanyası
• Netanyahu.

Legitimacy Construction in Far-Right Regimes: A Comparative Analysis of Nazi Germany and Israel under Netanyahu

Abstract

This study analyzes how far-right governments construct their political legitimacy through the production of crises, the construction of enemies, and the use of security discourse. It offers a comparative examination of two historical and contemporary cases: Hitler’s Germany and Netanyahu’s Israel. The theoretical framework of the article is grounded in Carl Schmitt’s friend–enemy distinction, Giorgio Agamben’s concept of the state of exception, and Michel Foucault’s notion of biopolitics. In Nazi Germany, Jews were portrayed as an internal threat to national unity. This perception, combined with the normalization of the state of exception, enabled the emergence of a totalitarian regime. In Netanyahu’s Israel, the discourse of crisis has also become a tool for systematically marginalizing Iran, Hamas, and the left-wing opposition. Although these regimes emerged in different historical and cultural contexts, both base their political legitimacy on the perpetuation of crises, the entrenchment of enemy figures within collective memory, and the strategic use of media as the primary vehicle of this process. In this context, media functions not only as an ideological apparatus but also as a psychological and emotional front of warfare. The article argues that far-right regimes reproduce authoritarianism within democratic forms by continuously generating crises and enemy figures.

Keywords

• Far-right
• Legitimacy
• Enemy Construction
• Nazi Germany
• Netanyahu.

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