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Nietzsche, Heidegger ve Anlam: Covid-19 Pandemisi Dönemine İlişkin Çıkarımlar

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 155 - 164, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.54282/inijoss.993666

Abstract

Nietzsche, Sokrat sonrası, Yunanlılara ait asil yaşam zevkinin yerini diyalektiğe bıraktığını, ve bunun bir sonucu olarak da, insanlığın kendi doğası ile olan bağını kaybettiğini söyler. Sokrat sonrası, tamamen bilinçli ve mantıki dilin kullanılmasının bir sonucu olarak, toplumumuzda anlam sabitleşmiştir ve insanlar doğanın dinamizmiyle olan bağını kaybetmiştir. Temsillerin de bir anlam olduğu göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, Heidegger'deki anlamı ile, temsil edilen bir nesnenin aynı zamanda bu temsile indirgenemeyecek bir varlık seviyesini de işaret etmesi ve bu varlık seviyesinin de aslında bu temsilin oluşuyla ("Being") ilgili olması not edilmelidir. Heidegger için de, Nietzsche'de olduğu gibi, Helenistik dönemde "gösterge"nin "göstermek için göstermek" yerine bir "belirleme" aracı olarak anlaşılmasına doğru bir değişim vardır. Bu değişim, gösterge ve gösterilen arasında temsillerin kurulmasıyla, yani "işaret etme" durumuyla sonuçlanmıştır ve vurgu göstermekten ziyade gösterilene kaymıştır. Günümüzün neoliberal dünyasında, benzer şekilde, insanlar temsillerde kaybolmaktadırlar (ve hatta kendileri tüketilecek birer temsil haline gelmektedirler) ve bunun sonucunda da hayatı otantik olmayan bir şekilde yaşamaktadırlar. O halde, oluşturduğu kaygının kaygıyı deneyimlemenin otantik olmayan bir yolu olan korkuya dönüşecek olması sebebiyle Covid-19 pandemisinin bizi otantik bir yaşam biçimine yönlendirmesi de beklenemeyecektir. Çözüm olarak, içgüdüsel dil, yani bedenlerimizin ve istencimizin gerçeğinin dili tekrardan keşfedilebilir ve böylece mantıki dilin anlam ve temsil sabitlenmesine yol açması engellenebilir.

Thanks

Metnin sonunda Prof. Dr. Ahmet İnam'a teşekkür edilmiştir.

References

  • Armstrong, K. (2009). The case for God. New York, NY: Random House Digital, Inc.
  • Callaghan, T., & Corbit, J. (2015). The development of symbolic representation. In L. S. Liben, U. Müller, & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology and developmental science: Cognitive processes (p. 250–295). John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Chandler, D. (2017). Semiotics: the basics. Taylor & Francis.
  • Constâncio, J., & Branco, M. J. M. (Eds.). (2011). Nietzsche on instinct and language (Vol. 1). Walter de Gruyter.
  • Elbe, S. (2003). Europe: A Nietzschean Perspective (Vol. 11). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
  • Evans, D. (2006). An introductory dictionary of Lacanian psychoanalysis. Routledge.
  • Falk, D. (2016). Evolution of brain and culture: the neurological and cognitive journey from Australopithecus to Albert Einstein. Journal of anthropological sciences, 1-14.
  • Habash, N. L. (2018). “Agon and Politics in Nietzsche’s Early Writings on Language”. In Conflict and contest in Nietzsche's philosophy. Bloomsbury Academic.
  • Hall, S. (1997). Representation, meaning, and language. In S. Hall (Ed.), Representation. Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices, pp. 15–30. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Heidegger, M. (1993). Basic Writings: Revised and Expanded. Harper Collins.
  • Howard, R. (2017). "Dualism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edward N. Zalta (ed.), Retrieved from: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2017/entries/dualism/.
  • Iain, T. (2019). "Heidegger’s Aesthetics", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Edward N. Zalta (ed.), Retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2019/entries/heidegger-aesthetics.
  • Jakobson, R. (1959). On Linguistic Aspects of Translation. On Translation, 232–239. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
  • Livingston, P. (2005). Martin Heidegger: “The Letter on Humanism”. http://www2.hawaii.edu/~freeman/courses/phil360/17.%20Livingston%20on%20Heidegger%27s%20Letter.pdf
  • McDonald, M., Gough, B., Wearing, S., & Deville, A. (2017). Social psychology, consumer culture and neoliberal political economy. Journal for the Theory of social Behaviour, 47(3), 363-379.
  • Nietzsche, F. W. (1997). Twilight of the idols, or, how to philosophize with the hammer (R. Polt Trans.). Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company.
  • Nietzsche, F. (2001). The gay science: With a prelude in German rhymes and an appendix of songs (J. Nauckhoff & A. Del Caro, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Pagel M. (2017). Q&A: What is human language, when did it evolve and why should we care?. BMC biology, 15(1), 64. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-017-0405-3
  • Pfeffer, R. (1972). Nietzsche: Disciple of Dionysus. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press.
  • Rojcewicz, R. (2006). Gods and Technology, The: A Reading of Heidegger. SUNY Press.
  • Wheeler, M. (2020). "Martin Heidegger", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2020 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), Retrived from https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2020/entries/heidegger
  • Vanheule, S. (2016). Capitalist discourse, subjectivity and Lacanian psychoanalysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1948.

Nietzsche and Heidegger on Meaning: Inferences for the Era of the Covid-19 Pandemic

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 155 - 164, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.54282/inijoss.993666

Abstract

Nietzsche points out that the noble taste of Greek lost its place to dialectic after Socrates, and thus, human beings lost their connection to their nature. After Socrates, through the exclusive use of conscious and logical language, the meaning became fixated in our society and we lost our connection to the dynamism in nature. Considering representations as meanings, in the Heideggerian sense, it should be noted that a represented object always implies a level of existence that is not limited to that representation but points to a Being of that representation. For Heidegger, in line with Nietzsche, however, there is a switch during the Hellenistic period from the understanding of “sign” as "showing for showing" to “sign” as an instrument to "designate", and that switch leads to the creation of representations between sign and its signified (hence the term "designation" with the focus instead on the signified). In today's neoliberal world, similarly, people are lost in and through representations (and even they become a representation to be consumed) and, in this way, lost in an inauthentic way of living. It is, then, not expected for the Covid-19 pandemic to lead us to the authentic way of living because the anxiety around it would be translated into fear, which is an inauthentic way of experiencing anxiety. As a solution, we should reinvent the language where the instinctual language of the real of our bodies and will would prevent the logical language from resulting in the fixation of meaning and representation.

References

  • Armstrong, K. (2009). The case for God. New York, NY: Random House Digital, Inc.
  • Callaghan, T., & Corbit, J. (2015). The development of symbolic representation. In L. S. Liben, U. Müller, & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology and developmental science: Cognitive processes (p. 250–295). John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Chandler, D. (2017). Semiotics: the basics. Taylor & Francis.
  • Constâncio, J., & Branco, M. J. M. (Eds.). (2011). Nietzsche on instinct and language (Vol. 1). Walter de Gruyter.
  • Elbe, S. (2003). Europe: A Nietzschean Perspective (Vol. 11). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
  • Evans, D. (2006). An introductory dictionary of Lacanian psychoanalysis. Routledge.
  • Falk, D. (2016). Evolution of brain and culture: the neurological and cognitive journey from Australopithecus to Albert Einstein. Journal of anthropological sciences, 1-14.
  • Habash, N. L. (2018). “Agon and Politics in Nietzsche’s Early Writings on Language”. In Conflict and contest in Nietzsche's philosophy. Bloomsbury Academic.
  • Hall, S. (1997). Representation, meaning, and language. In S. Hall (Ed.), Representation. Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices, pp. 15–30. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Heidegger, M. (1993). Basic Writings: Revised and Expanded. Harper Collins.
  • Howard, R. (2017). "Dualism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edward N. Zalta (ed.), Retrieved from: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2017/entries/dualism/.
  • Iain, T. (2019). "Heidegger’s Aesthetics", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Edward N. Zalta (ed.), Retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2019/entries/heidegger-aesthetics.
  • Jakobson, R. (1959). On Linguistic Aspects of Translation. On Translation, 232–239. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
  • Livingston, P. (2005). Martin Heidegger: “The Letter on Humanism”. http://www2.hawaii.edu/~freeman/courses/phil360/17.%20Livingston%20on%20Heidegger%27s%20Letter.pdf
  • McDonald, M., Gough, B., Wearing, S., & Deville, A. (2017). Social psychology, consumer culture and neoliberal political economy. Journal for the Theory of social Behaviour, 47(3), 363-379.
  • Nietzsche, F. W. (1997). Twilight of the idols, or, how to philosophize with the hammer (R. Polt Trans.). Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company.
  • Nietzsche, F. (2001). The gay science: With a prelude in German rhymes and an appendix of songs (J. Nauckhoff & A. Del Caro, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Pagel M. (2017). Q&A: What is human language, when did it evolve and why should we care?. BMC biology, 15(1), 64. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-017-0405-3
  • Pfeffer, R. (1972). Nietzsche: Disciple of Dionysus. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press.
  • Rojcewicz, R. (2006). Gods and Technology, The: A Reading of Heidegger. SUNY Press.
  • Wheeler, M. (2020). "Martin Heidegger", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2020 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), Retrived from https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2020/entries/heidegger
  • Vanheule, S. (2016). Capitalist discourse, subjectivity and Lacanian psychoanalysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1948.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Philosophy
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Ozan Bıçakcı 0000-0002-5883-2569

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Submission Date September 10, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Bıçakcı, O. (2022). Nietzsche and Heidegger on Meaning: Inferences for the Era of the Covid-19 Pandemic. İnönü Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(1), 155-164. https://doi.org/10.54282/inijoss.993666

İnönü Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 

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