Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Eileen Chang’s Creation and Self-Translation of The Rice-Sprout Song

Year 2021, Issue: 15, 17 - 34, 03.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/iujts.2021.1028028

Abstract

Eileen Chang, aka 张爱玲 Zhang Ailing, is one of the most illustrious writers of modern Chinese literature. During her sojourn in Hong Kong in the 1950s, she composed the debut English novel entitled The Rice-Sprout Song, which has been self-translated into a Chinese version, viz. 秧歌 Yangge. The English version of The Rice-Sprout Song abounds with culture-loaded words, which embody ecological, material, social, religious and linguistic culture under the framework of equivalence (Nida 1945). As a consequence, the original narrative is analogous to a translation work, and Chang’s rendering of culturally-enriched expressions is characterised by the strategy of foreignisation. In terms of the Chinese version, by virtue of its salient cultural and linguistic adaptations, it should be regarded as covert translation in the sense of House (1977). The translation of The Rice-Sprout Song is featured by addition of culture-loaded words in Chinese as well as omission of politically-sensitive plots and depictions censuring the Chinese Communist Party. Moreover, in the Chinese version, Chang has employed expressions derived from Shanghai dialect.

References

  • Bernhardt, Kathryn. 1995. The inheritance rights of daughters: The song anomaly? Modern China 21: 269-309. google scholar
  • Blum, Susan D. 1997. Naming Practices and the Power of Words in China. Language in Society 26.3: 357-379. google scholar
  • Brand, Manny. 2004. Collectivistic versus individualistic cultures: a comparison of American, Australian and Chinese music education students’ self‐esteem. Music Education Research 6.1: 57-66. google scholar
  • Bray, Francesca. 1997. Technology and gender: Fabrics of power in late imperial China. Berkeley: University of California Press. google scholar
  • Cai, Jiming. 2013. On China’s Land System Reform. Modern China Studies 20.2: 57-75. google scholar
  • Chan, Alan and Sor-Hoon Tan. 2004. Introduction. In Filial piety in Chinese thought and history, eds. Alan Chan and Sor-Hoon Tan, 9-16. London: RoutledgeCurzon. google scholar
  • Chang, Eileen. 1955. The Rice-Sprout Song. New York: Dragonfly Books. google scholar
  • Chang, Eileen and Christopher Lee (ed). 2015. Chinese Translation: A Vehicle of Cultural Influence. PMLA 130.2: 488-498. google scholar
  • Chen, Lihui. 2018. Textual analysis of the relationship between Eileen Chang and United States Information Service in Hong Kong (USIS-HK). Paper presented at 2nd International Conference on Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities (SSAH 2018): 977-981. google scholar
  • Chen, Sihe. 2010. 土改中的小说与小说中的土改——六十年文学话土改 Tugai zhongde xiaoshuo yu xiaoshuo zhongde tugai—Liusinian wenhua hua tugai [Novels during Land Reform and Land Reform in novels—Review of Land Reform in literature in the past sixty years]. Journal of Nanjing University 4: 76-93. google scholar
  • Chen, Xinren. 2013. ‘Polysemous’ politeness: Speaker self-referring forms in Honglou Meng. In Chinese Discourse and Interaction: Theory and Practice, Eds. Yuling Pan and Daniel Z. Kadar, 292-309. London: Equinox. google scholar
  • Chen, Yaming. 2011. 张爱玲译事年表 Zhang Ailing yishi nianbiao [A chronicle of Zhang Ailing’s translation]. Historical Materials of New Literature 1: 64-69. google scholar
  • Cheng, Helen Hui-Yueh. 2017. In search of an individual identity: A psychoanalytical examination of motivational forces behind the identity development of female characters in the selected works of Violette Leduc and Eileen Chang. PhD thesis. University of Kent. google scholar
  • DeMare, Brian James. 2012. Casting (Off) Their Stinking Airs: Chinese Intellectuals and Land Reform, 1946- 52. The China Journal 67: 109-130. google scholar
  • Du, Hongfei, Xiaoming Li, Danhua Lin and Cheuk Chi Tam. 2015. Collectivistic Orientation, Acculturative Stress, Cultural Self-Efficacy, and Depression: A Longitudinal Study Among Chinese Internal Migrants. Community Mental Health Journal 51: 239-248. google scholar
  • Fei, Xiaotong. 1947/2007. 生育制度 Shengyu Zhidu [Institution of Reproduction]. In乡土中国Xiangtu Zhognguo [From the Soil: The Foundations of Chinese Society], ed. Haoxing Liu, 385- 589. Shanghai: Shanghai People’s Press. google scholar
  • Goldblatt, Howard. 1999. The Rice-Sprout Song. By Eileen Chang. Foreword by David Der-wei Wang. The China Quarterly 159: 760-761. google scholar
  • Gordon, Rebekah R., Sandro R. Barros and Jiahang Li. 2020. Make a name for yourself: exploring the interculturality of naming and addressing practices among transnational teachers of Chinese as a foreign language. Language and Intercultural Communication 20.6: 586-599. google scholar
  • Gu, Yueguo. 1990. Politeness phenomena in modern Chinese. Journal of pragmatics 14.2: 237-257. google scholar
  • He, Hailun. 1989. The Art of Naming in China and Translating Western Names Into Chinese. Literary Onomastics Studies 16: 47-50. google scholar
  • Henry, Eric S. 2012. When Dragon Met Jasmine: Domesticating English. Names in Chinese Social Interaction. Anthropologica 54.1: 107-117. google scholar
  • House, Juliane. 1977. A Model for Translation Quality Assessment. Tübingen: Narr. google scholar
  • House, Juliane. 1997. Translation Quality Assessment: A Model Revisited. Tubingen: Narr. google scholar
  • House, Juliane. 2014. Translation Quality Assessment: Past and Present. In Translation: A Multidisciplinary Approach, ed. Juliane House, 241-264. London: Palgrave Macmillan. google scholar
  • Hsia, Chih-tsing. 2004. C. T. Hsia on Chinese Literature. New York: Columbia University Press. google scholar
  • Huang, Nicole. 2012. Eileen Chang and things Japanese. In Eileen Chang: Romancing Languages, Cultures and Genres, ed. Kam Louie, 49-72. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. google scholar
  • Huson, Timothy. 2016. Lin Yutang and Cross-cultural Transmission of Culture as Social Critique. China Media Research 12.3: 27-43. google scholar
  • Kingsbury, Karen. 2002. Chang, Eileen. In Biographical dictionary of Chinese women. Volume 2, Twentieth century, eds. Lily Xiao Hong Lee, A. D. Stefanowska and Sue Wiles, 41-46. Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe. google scholar
  • Lau, Joseph S. M. 2007. 張愛玲的中英互譯Zhang Ailing de Zhong Ying Hu Yi [Eileen Chang’s translations between Chinese and English]. In Zhang Ailing de wenzi shijie [The literary world of Eileen Chang], 126-156. Taipei: Chiuko Publishing. google scholar
  • Lee, Christopher. 2006. Rethinking Realisms through the Writings of Eileen Chang. Amerasia Journal 32.3: 58-78. google scholar
  • Lee, Leo Ou-Fan. 2017. Eileen Chang in Hong Kong. In A new literary history of modern China, ed. Dewei Wang, 478-483. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. google scholar
  • Lee, Wen Shu. 1998. In the Names of Chinese Women. Quarterly Journal of Speech 84.3: 283-302. google scholar
  • Lee, Xiao Hong Lily. 2016. Biographical dictionary of Chinese women. Volume 2, Twentieth century. London: Routledge. google scholar
  • Lee, Yean-Ju, William L. Parish and Robert J. Willis. 1994. Sons, daughters, and intergenerational support in Taiwan. American Journal of Sociology 99: 1010-1041. google scholar
  • Leung, Ping-Kwan. 1998. Two Discourses on Colonialism: Huang Guliu and Eileen Chang on Hong Kong of the Forties. Boundary 2 Modern Chinese Literary and Cultural Studies in the Age of Theory: Reimagining a Field 77-96. google scholar
  • Leng, Rachel. 2014. Eileen Chang’s Feminine Chinese Modernity: Dysfunctional Marriages, Hysterical Women, and the Primordial Eugenic Threat. Quarterly Journal of Chinese Studies March: 13-34. google scholar
  • Li, Changbao and Jinzhu Huang. 2015. 译者主体性视角下张爱玲《桂花蒸·阿小悲秋》自译与他译比 较研究 Yizhe zhutixing shijiaoxia Zhang Ailing Guihuazheng Axiao beiqiu ziyi yu tayi bijiao yanjiu [A comparative study between self-translation and conventional translation of Eileen Chang’s Gui Hua Zheng Ah Xiao Bei Qiu from the perspective of translator’s subjectivity]. Journal of Beijing International Studies University 04: 29-38. google scholar
  • Li, Jessica Tsui Yan. 2006. Politics of self-translation: Eileen Chang. Perspectives 14.2: 99-106. google scholar
  • Li, Jessica Tsui Yan. 2010. Self-translation/rewriting: the female body in Eileen Chang’s ‘Jinsuo ji’, the Rouge of the North, Yuannü and ‘the Golden Cangue’. Neohelicon 37: 391-403. google scholar
  • Li, Ping. 2012. A critical study of Lin Yutang as a translation theorist, translation critic and translator. PhD thesis. City University of Hong Kong. google scholar
  • Lin, I-fen, Noreen Goldman, Maxine Weinstein, Yu-hsuan Lin, Y. Tristan Gorrindo an Teresa Seeman. 2003. Gender differences in adult children’s support of their parents in Taiwan. Journal of Marriage and Family 65: 184-200. google scholar
  • Liu, Xiaoqing. 2014. On the Dimension of Narrative: Zhang Ailing’s Self Translation of Her Novel, SpringSprout Song. Translation Quarterly: 32-52. google scholar
  • Liu, Yanling. 2014. 从语言顺应论看张爱玲自译策略——以《桂花蒸·阿小悲秋》英译为例 Cong yuyan shunlilun kan Zhang Ailing ziyi celve—Yi Guahuazheng Axiao beiqiu yingyi weili [Zhang Ailing’s selftranslation strategy from the perspective of adaptation—Analysing the English version of Sham Amah]. Journal of Huainan Teachers College 06: 75-79. google scholar
  • Long, Yangyang. 2019. Transpacific theatre: Lin Yutang’s self-translation as a creative act. Asia Pacific Translation and Intercultural Studies 6.3: 216-233. google scholar
  • Louie, Kam. 2012. Introduction: Eileen Chang: A Life of Conflicting Cultures in China and America. In Eileen Chang: Romancing Languages, Cultures and Genres, ed. Kam Louie, 1-14. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. google scholar
  • Mackerras, Colin. 2016. Traditional Chinese theatre. In Routledge Handbook of Asian Theatre, ed. Siyuan Liu, 31-50. Abingdon: Routledge. google scholar
  • Madsen, Richard. 1985. Maoist Rituals: Worship of an idol with feet of clay. In Morality and Power in a Chinese Village. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. google scholar
  • Meng, Hui. 2017. Migration of Text and Shift of Identity: Self-Translation in the Bilingual Works of Lin Yutang, Eileen Chang, and Ha Jin. PhD thesis. University of Kansas. google scholar
  • Meng, Hui. 2021. Awkward Betweenness and Reluctant Metamorphosis: Eileen Chang’s Self-Translation. TranscUlturAl 13.1: 2-22. google scholar
  • Newmark, Peter. 1988. A textbook of translation. New York: Prentice-Hall International. google scholar
  • Nichols, Ryan. 2011. A Genealogy of Early Confucian Moral Psychology. Philosophy East and West 61.4: 609-629. google scholar
  • Nida, Eugene. 1945. Linguistics and Ethnology in Translation-Problems. WORD 1.2: 194-208. google scholar
  • Nowak, Alexei Robert. 2018. Rural Transnationalism: Food, Famine, and Agriculture in U.S. and Chinese Literature, 1898-1955. PhD thesis, University of California. google scholar
  • Qiao, Meng. 2012. 话语的力量——析张爱玲小说《桂花蒸阿小悲秋》译文对原文的颠覆 Huayude Liliang—Xi Zhang Ailing xiaoshuo Guihuazheng axiao beiqiu yiwen dui yuanwen de dianfu [The power of discourse—Analysing the adaption in Eileen Chang’s self-translation of Sham Amah]. Journal of Tianjin Foreign Studies University 19.1: 63-68. google scholar
  • Qu, Lina. 2019. Writing, Rewriting, and Miswriting: Eileen Chang’s Late Style Against the Grain. CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 21.6. https://doi.org/10.7771/1481-4374.3305. google scholar
  • Ratcliffe, Susan. 2017. Lin Yutang (1895-1976). Oxford Essential Quotations. Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Ren, Ruwen. 2020. 从《重访边城》看1960-1980年代张爱玲的创作心境与语境——兼谈张爱玲的自译与 改写 Cong Chongfang biancheng kan 1960-1980 niandai Zhang Ailing de chuangzuo xinjing yu yujing— Jiantan Zhang Ailing de ziyi yu gaixie [Analysing Zhang Ailing’ creation and context in A return to the frontier—Zhang Ailing’s self-translation and adaptation]. Comparative Literature in China 3: 169-178. google scholar
  • Riep, Steven L. 2016. Chinese Modernism: The New Sensationists. In The Columbia Companion to Modern Chinese Literature, ed. Kirk Denton, 176-182. New York: Columbia University Press. google scholar
  • Rogers, Michael. 1998. The Rice-Sprout Song / The Rouge of the North. Library Journal 1: 224. google scholar
  • Sang, Tze-lan. 2012. Romancing Rhetoricity and Historicity: The Representational Politics and Poetics of Little Reunion. In Eileen Chang: Romancing Languages, Cultures and Genres, ed. Kam Louie, 193-214. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. google scholar
  • Shan, Te-hsing. 2014. Eileen Chang as a Chinese Translator of American Literature. In Modern China and the West: Translation and Cultural Mediation, eds. Hsiao-yen Peng and Isabelle Rabut, 106-125. Leiden and Boston: Brill. google scholar
  • Shapiro. Judith. 2001. Mao’s War Against Nature: Legacy and Lessons. Journal of East Asian Studies. 1.2. Perspectives on Environmental Protection in Northeast Asia: 93-119. google scholar
  • Shen, Rui. 2008. 伟大的政治小说: 张爱玲的《秧歌》Weidade zhengzhi xiaoshuo: Zhang Ailing de Yangge [A great political novel: Zhang Ailing’s The Rice-Sprout Song]. Nangfang Yishu Bao. 04 November 2008. https://www.zgnfys.com/a/nfwx-31834.shtml. google scholar
  • Shen, Shuang. 2012a. Ends of Betrayal: Diaspora and Historical Representation in the Late Works of Zhang Ailing. Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 24.1: 112-148. google scholar
  • Shen, Shuang. 2012b. Betrayal, Impersonation, and Bilingualism: Eileen Chang’s Self-Translation. In Eileen Chang: Romancing Languages, Cultures and Genres, ed. Kam Louie, 91-112. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. google scholar
  • Shutt, Stephen. 1998. The Rice-Sprout Song The Rouge of the North: Eileen Chang. Boston Review 23.5: 55. google scholar
  • Strauss, Julia C. 2017. Campaigns of Redistribution: Land Reform and State: Building in China and Taiwan, 1950-1953. In States in the Developing World, eds. Miguel A. Centeno, Atul Kohli and Deborah J. Yashar, 339-362. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Sun, Tao, Marty Horn, and Dennis Merritt. 2004. Values and lifestyles of individualists and collectivists: A study on Chinese, Japanese, British and US consumers. The Journal of Consumer Marketing 21(4): 318-331. google scholar
  • Sun, Xuen. 1985. 关于 “牛郎织女” 神话故事的几个问题 Guanyu Niulang Zhinv shenhua gushi zhongde jige wenti [Several questions on the methodology related to Nulang and Zhinv]. Journal of Wuhan University 03: 103-107. google scholar
  • Tan, Teck Heng. 2021. How to read modern Chinese literature in English? The women beside/s modernism. PhD thesis, King’s College London. google scholar
  • Thorpe, Ashley. 2005. Only Joking? The Relationship between the Clown and Percussion in ‘Jingju’. Asian Theatre Journal 22.2: 269-292. google scholar
  • Tian, Min. 2000. Male Dan: The Paradox of Sex, Acting, and Perception of Female Impersonation in Traditional Chinese Theatre. Asian Theatre Journal 17.1: 78-97. google scholar
  • Tu, Qingyin and Changbao Li. 2017. A Review on Textless Back Translation of China-Themed Works Written in English. Studies in Literature and Language 14.1: 1-7. google scholar
  • Van Bolderen, Trish and Eva Gentes. 2021. Self-Translation. Oxford Bibliographies Online. DOI: 10.1093/ obo/9780199913701-0104. google scholar
  • Venuti, Lawrence. 1986. The Translator’s Invisibility. Criticism 28.2: 179-212. google scholar
  • Venuti, Lawrence. 1992. Introduction. In Rethinking Translation: Discourse, Subjectivity, Ideology, ed. Lawrence Venuti, 1-17. London and New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Venuti, Lawrence. 1998. Strategies of translation. In Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, eds. Mona Baker, 240-244. London and New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Visser, Robin and Jie Lu. 2016. Contemporary Urban Fiction: Rewriting the City. In The Columbia Companion to Modern Chinese Literature, ed. Kirk Denton, 345-354. New York: Columbia University Press. google scholar
  • Wang, David Der-Wei. 1998. Three Hungry Women. boundary 2. 25.3. Modern Chinese Literary and Cultural Studies in the Age of Theory: Reimagining a Field: 47-76. google scholar
  • Wang, Gaixia. 2015. 张爱玲翻译文学的缺失与回归——以《老人与海》为例 Zhang Ailing fanyi wenxue de queshi yu huigui—Yi Laoren yuhai weili [Zhang Ailing’s translation of literature— Analysing her translation of The old man and the sea]. Short Story: 81-82. google scholar
  • Wang, Jing. 2011. 性别意识与文学翻译——张爱玲翻译个案研究 Xingbie yishi yu wenxue fanyi—Zhang Ailing fanyi gean yanjiu [Gender consciousness and literary translation—Study of Eileen Chang’s translation practice]. Foreign Languages in China 05: 102-106. google scholar
  • Wang, Xiaojue. 2012. Eileen Chang, Dream of the Red Chamber, and the Cold War. In Eileen Chang: Romancing Languages, Cultures and Genres, ed. Kam Louie, 113-130. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. google scholar
  • Wang, Xiaojue. 2016. Borders and Borderlands Narratives in Cold War China. In The Oxford Handbook of Modern Chinese Literatures, eds. Carlos Rojas and Andrea Bachner, 334-355. Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Wang, Zhigang and Michael Micklin. 1996. The Transformation of Naming Practices in Chinese Families: Some linguistic clues to social change. Show all authors. International Sociology 11.2: 187-212. google scholar
  • Weng, Leihua. 2018. Modernity in a Wartime Tramcar. The Comparatist 42: 286-303. google scholar
  • Wu, Yuanqiong. 2012. On the English version of Chinese personal names. Perspectives: Studies in Translation Theory and Practice 20.2: 139-149. google scholar
  • Yan, Jihua. 2020. 愛張‧張愛: 讀解張愛玲 Aizhang Zhangai: Jiedu Zhang Ailing [An interpretation of Zhang Ailing]. Taipei: Showwe Information Co. Ltd. google scholar
  • Yan, Yidan and Yuxi Wang. 2014. 张爱玲自译文学作品中陌生化手法的再现研究 Zhang Ailing ziyi wenxue zuopinzhong moshenghuade zaixian yanjiu [A Study on the Representation of Defamiliarization Devices in Eileen Chang’s Chinese-English Self-translation]. Foreign Language Research 4: 121-125. google scholar
  • Yang, Yingying. 2015.《秧歌》的非政治化解读——中英两版中的月香之死与人性救赎 Yangge de fei zhengzhihua jiedu zhongying liangban zhongde Yuexiang zhi si yu renxing jiushu [Non- political interpretation of The Rice-Sprout Song—The death of Yuexiang in Chinese and English version and human nature]. Contemporary Writers Review 4: 98-104. google scholar
  • Yao, Sijia. 2017. Female Desire: Defiant Text and Intercultural Context in Works by D. H. Lawrence and Eileen Chang. Rocky Mountain Review 71.2: 195-212. google scholar
  • Young L. C. and Steven R. Ford. 1977. God is Society: The Religious Dimension of Maoism. Sociological Inquiry 47/2: 89-97. google scholar
  • Xie, Yu and Chunni Zhang. 2019. The long-term impact of the Communist Revolution on social stratification in contemporary China. PNAS 116 (39): 19392-19397. google scholar
  • Xinhua Dictionary. 2004. 新华字典 Xinhua Zidian [Xinhua Dictionary]. Beijing: Commercial Press. google scholar
  • Xinhua Idiom Dictionary. 2002. 新华成语词典 Xinhua chengyu cidian [Xinhua Idiom Dictionary]. Beijing: Commercial Press. google scholar
  • Zhang, Ailing. 2001. 秧歌 Yangge [The Rice-Sprout Song]. 张爱玲典藏全集 Zhang Ailing zuopin ji [A complete collection of Zhang Ailing’s works]. Taipei: Crown Publishing Company Ltd. google scholar
  • Zdic.net. 2021a. 请安 Qing an [To greet]. Zdic.net. Accessed 22 November 2021. https://www.zdic.net/hant/请安. google scholar
  • Zdic.net. 2021b. 混饭吃 Hun fan chi [To make a living]. Zdic.net. Accessed 22 November 2021. https://www. zdic.net/hant/混饭吃. google scholar
  • Zdic.net. 2021c. 打算盘 Da suanpan [To calculate with an abacus]. Zdic.net. Accessed 22 November 2021. https:// www.zdic.net/hant/打算盘. google scholar
  • Zhao, Xifang. 2019. 報刊香港: 歷史語境與文學場域 Baokan xianggang: Lishi yujing yu wenxue changyu [Newspapers in Hong Kong: Historical context and literary realm]. Hong Kong: Joint Publishing HK. google scholar
  • Zhao, Yan. 2017. 张爱玲自译作品中的变译现象——以《桂花蒸阿小悲秋》为例 Zhang Ailing ziyi zuopin zhongde bianyi xianxiang—Yi Guihuazheng axiao beiqiu weili [Translation variations of Eileen Chang’s self-translated short novel Shame Amah as an example]. Journal of Hunan University of Technology 22.3: 124-128. google scholar

Eileen Chang’s Creation and Self-Translation of The Rice-Sprout Song

Year 2021, Issue: 15, 17 - 34, 03.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/iujts.2021.1028028

Abstract

Eileen Chang, aka 张爱玲 Zhang Ailing, is one of the most illustrious writers of modern Chinese literature. During her sojourn in Hong Kong in the 1950s, she composed the debut English novel entitled The Rice-Sprout Song, which has been self-translated into a Chinese version, viz. 秧歌 Yangge. The English version of The Rice-Sprout Song abounds with culture-loaded words, which embody ecological, material, social, religious and linguistic culture under the framework of equivalence (Nida 1945). As a consequence, the original narrative is analogous to a translation work, and Chang’s rendering of culturally-enriched expressions is characterised by the strategy of foreignization. In terms of the Chinese version, by virtue of its salient cultural and linguistic adaptations, it should be regarded as covert translation in the sense of House (1977). The translation of The Rice-Sprout Song is featured by addition of culture-loaded words in Chinese as well as omission of politically-sensitive plots and depictions censuring the Chinese Communist Party. Moreover, in the Chinese version, Chang has employed expressions derived from Shanghai dialect.

References

  • Bernhardt, Kathryn. 1995. The inheritance rights of daughters: The song anomaly? Modern China 21: 269-309. google scholar
  • Blum, Susan D. 1997. Naming Practices and the Power of Words in China. Language in Society 26.3: 357-379. google scholar
  • Brand, Manny. 2004. Collectivistic versus individualistic cultures: a comparison of American, Australian and Chinese music education students’ self‐esteem. Music Education Research 6.1: 57-66. google scholar
  • Bray, Francesca. 1997. Technology and gender: Fabrics of power in late imperial China. Berkeley: University of California Press. google scholar
  • Cai, Jiming. 2013. On China’s Land System Reform. Modern China Studies 20.2: 57-75. google scholar
  • Chan, Alan and Sor-Hoon Tan. 2004. Introduction. In Filial piety in Chinese thought and history, eds. Alan Chan and Sor-Hoon Tan, 9-16. London: RoutledgeCurzon. google scholar
  • Chang, Eileen. 1955. The Rice-Sprout Song. New York: Dragonfly Books. google scholar
  • Chang, Eileen and Christopher Lee (ed). 2015. Chinese Translation: A Vehicle of Cultural Influence. PMLA 130.2: 488-498. google scholar
  • Chen, Lihui. 2018. Textual analysis of the relationship between Eileen Chang and United States Information Service in Hong Kong (USIS-HK). Paper presented at 2nd International Conference on Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities (SSAH 2018): 977-981. google scholar
  • Chen, Sihe. 2010. 土改中的小说与小说中的土改——六十年文学话土改 Tugai zhongde xiaoshuo yu xiaoshuo zhongde tugai—Liusinian wenhua hua tugai [Novels during Land Reform and Land Reform in novels—Review of Land Reform in literature in the past sixty years]. Journal of Nanjing University 4: 76-93. google scholar
  • Chen, Xinren. 2013. ‘Polysemous’ politeness: Speaker self-referring forms in Honglou Meng. In Chinese Discourse and Interaction: Theory and Practice, Eds. Yuling Pan and Daniel Z. Kadar, 292-309. London: Equinox. google scholar
  • Chen, Yaming. 2011. 张爱玲译事年表 Zhang Ailing yishi nianbiao [A chronicle of Zhang Ailing’s translation]. Historical Materials of New Literature 1: 64-69. google scholar
  • Cheng, Helen Hui-Yueh. 2017. In search of an individual identity: A psychoanalytical examination of motivational forces behind the identity development of female characters in the selected works of Violette Leduc and Eileen Chang. PhD thesis. University of Kent. google scholar
  • DeMare, Brian James. 2012. Casting (Off) Their Stinking Airs: Chinese Intellectuals and Land Reform, 1946- 52. The China Journal 67: 109-130. google scholar
  • Du, Hongfei, Xiaoming Li, Danhua Lin and Cheuk Chi Tam. 2015. Collectivistic Orientation, Acculturative Stress, Cultural Self-Efficacy, and Depression: A Longitudinal Study Among Chinese Internal Migrants. Community Mental Health Journal 51: 239-248. google scholar
  • Fei, Xiaotong. 1947/2007. 生育制度 Shengyu Zhidu [Institution of Reproduction]. In乡土中国Xiangtu Zhognguo [From the Soil: The Foundations of Chinese Society], ed. Haoxing Liu, 385- 589. Shanghai: Shanghai People’s Press. google scholar
  • Goldblatt, Howard. 1999. The Rice-Sprout Song. By Eileen Chang. Foreword by David Der-wei Wang. The China Quarterly 159: 760-761. google scholar
  • Gordon, Rebekah R., Sandro R. Barros and Jiahang Li. 2020. Make a name for yourself: exploring the interculturality of naming and addressing practices among transnational teachers of Chinese as a foreign language. Language and Intercultural Communication 20.6: 586-599. google scholar
  • Gu, Yueguo. 1990. Politeness phenomena in modern Chinese. Journal of pragmatics 14.2: 237-257. google scholar
  • He, Hailun. 1989. The Art of Naming in China and Translating Western Names Into Chinese. Literary Onomastics Studies 16: 47-50. google scholar
  • Henry, Eric S. 2012. When Dragon Met Jasmine: Domesticating English. Names in Chinese Social Interaction. Anthropologica 54.1: 107-117. google scholar
  • House, Juliane. 1977. A Model for Translation Quality Assessment. Tübingen: Narr. google scholar
  • House, Juliane. 1997. Translation Quality Assessment: A Model Revisited. Tubingen: Narr. google scholar
  • House, Juliane. 2014. Translation Quality Assessment: Past and Present. In Translation: A Multidisciplinary Approach, ed. Juliane House, 241-264. London: Palgrave Macmillan. google scholar
  • Hsia, Chih-tsing. 2004. C. T. Hsia on Chinese Literature. New York: Columbia University Press. google scholar
  • Huang, Nicole. 2012. Eileen Chang and things Japanese. In Eileen Chang: Romancing Languages, Cultures and Genres, ed. Kam Louie, 49-72. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. google scholar
  • Huson, Timothy. 2016. Lin Yutang and Cross-cultural Transmission of Culture as Social Critique. China Media Research 12.3: 27-43. google scholar
  • Kingsbury, Karen. 2002. Chang, Eileen. In Biographical dictionary of Chinese women. Volume 2, Twentieth century, eds. Lily Xiao Hong Lee, A. D. Stefanowska and Sue Wiles, 41-46. Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe. google scholar
  • Lau, Joseph S. M. 2007. 張愛玲的中英互譯Zhang Ailing de Zhong Ying Hu Yi [Eileen Chang’s translations between Chinese and English]. In Zhang Ailing de wenzi shijie [The literary world of Eileen Chang], 126-156. Taipei: Chiuko Publishing. google scholar
  • Lee, Christopher. 2006. Rethinking Realisms through the Writings of Eileen Chang. Amerasia Journal 32.3: 58-78. google scholar
  • Lee, Leo Ou-Fan. 2017. Eileen Chang in Hong Kong. In A new literary history of modern China, ed. Dewei Wang, 478-483. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. google scholar
  • Lee, Wen Shu. 1998. In the Names of Chinese Women. Quarterly Journal of Speech 84.3: 283-302. google scholar
  • Lee, Xiao Hong Lily. 2016. Biographical dictionary of Chinese women. Volume 2, Twentieth century. London: Routledge. google scholar
  • Lee, Yean-Ju, William L. Parish and Robert J. Willis. 1994. Sons, daughters, and intergenerational support in Taiwan. American Journal of Sociology 99: 1010-1041. google scholar
  • Leung, Ping-Kwan. 1998. Two Discourses on Colonialism: Huang Guliu and Eileen Chang on Hong Kong of the Forties. Boundary 2 Modern Chinese Literary and Cultural Studies in the Age of Theory: Reimagining a Field 77-96. google scholar
  • Leng, Rachel. 2014. Eileen Chang’s Feminine Chinese Modernity: Dysfunctional Marriages, Hysterical Women, and the Primordial Eugenic Threat. Quarterly Journal of Chinese Studies March: 13-34. google scholar
  • Li, Changbao and Jinzhu Huang. 2015. 译者主体性视角下张爱玲《桂花蒸·阿小悲秋》自译与他译比 较研究 Yizhe zhutixing shijiaoxia Zhang Ailing Guihuazheng Axiao beiqiu ziyi yu tayi bijiao yanjiu [A comparative study between self-translation and conventional translation of Eileen Chang’s Gui Hua Zheng Ah Xiao Bei Qiu from the perspective of translator’s subjectivity]. Journal of Beijing International Studies University 04: 29-38. google scholar
  • Li, Jessica Tsui Yan. 2006. Politics of self-translation: Eileen Chang. Perspectives 14.2: 99-106. google scholar
  • Li, Jessica Tsui Yan. 2010. Self-translation/rewriting: the female body in Eileen Chang’s ‘Jinsuo ji’, the Rouge of the North, Yuannü and ‘the Golden Cangue’. Neohelicon 37: 391-403. google scholar
  • Li, Ping. 2012. A critical study of Lin Yutang as a translation theorist, translation critic and translator. PhD thesis. City University of Hong Kong. google scholar
  • Lin, I-fen, Noreen Goldman, Maxine Weinstein, Yu-hsuan Lin, Y. Tristan Gorrindo an Teresa Seeman. 2003. Gender differences in adult children’s support of their parents in Taiwan. Journal of Marriage and Family 65: 184-200. google scholar
  • Liu, Xiaoqing. 2014. On the Dimension of Narrative: Zhang Ailing’s Self Translation of Her Novel, SpringSprout Song. Translation Quarterly: 32-52. google scholar
  • Liu, Yanling. 2014. 从语言顺应论看张爱玲自译策略——以《桂花蒸·阿小悲秋》英译为例 Cong yuyan shunlilun kan Zhang Ailing ziyi celve—Yi Guahuazheng Axiao beiqiu yingyi weili [Zhang Ailing’s selftranslation strategy from the perspective of adaptation—Analysing the English version of Sham Amah]. Journal of Huainan Teachers College 06: 75-79. google scholar
  • Long, Yangyang. 2019. Transpacific theatre: Lin Yutang’s self-translation as a creative act. Asia Pacific Translation and Intercultural Studies 6.3: 216-233. google scholar
  • Louie, Kam. 2012. Introduction: Eileen Chang: A Life of Conflicting Cultures in China and America. In Eileen Chang: Romancing Languages, Cultures and Genres, ed. Kam Louie, 1-14. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. google scholar
  • Mackerras, Colin. 2016. Traditional Chinese theatre. In Routledge Handbook of Asian Theatre, ed. Siyuan Liu, 31-50. Abingdon: Routledge. google scholar
  • Madsen, Richard. 1985. Maoist Rituals: Worship of an idol with feet of clay. In Morality and Power in a Chinese Village. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. google scholar
  • Meng, Hui. 2017. Migration of Text and Shift of Identity: Self-Translation in the Bilingual Works of Lin Yutang, Eileen Chang, and Ha Jin. PhD thesis. University of Kansas. google scholar
  • Meng, Hui. 2021. Awkward Betweenness and Reluctant Metamorphosis: Eileen Chang’s Self-Translation. TranscUlturAl 13.1: 2-22. google scholar
  • Newmark, Peter. 1988. A textbook of translation. New York: Prentice-Hall International. google scholar
  • Nichols, Ryan. 2011. A Genealogy of Early Confucian Moral Psychology. Philosophy East and West 61.4: 609-629. google scholar
  • Nida, Eugene. 1945. Linguistics and Ethnology in Translation-Problems. WORD 1.2: 194-208. google scholar
  • Nowak, Alexei Robert. 2018. Rural Transnationalism: Food, Famine, and Agriculture in U.S. and Chinese Literature, 1898-1955. PhD thesis, University of California. google scholar
  • Qiao, Meng. 2012. 话语的力量——析张爱玲小说《桂花蒸阿小悲秋》译文对原文的颠覆 Huayude Liliang—Xi Zhang Ailing xiaoshuo Guihuazheng axiao beiqiu yiwen dui yuanwen de dianfu [The power of discourse—Analysing the adaption in Eileen Chang’s self-translation of Sham Amah]. Journal of Tianjin Foreign Studies University 19.1: 63-68. google scholar
  • Qu, Lina. 2019. Writing, Rewriting, and Miswriting: Eileen Chang’s Late Style Against the Grain. CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 21.6. https://doi.org/10.7771/1481-4374.3305. google scholar
  • Ratcliffe, Susan. 2017. Lin Yutang (1895-1976). Oxford Essential Quotations. Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Ren, Ruwen. 2020. 从《重访边城》看1960-1980年代张爱玲的创作心境与语境——兼谈张爱玲的自译与 改写 Cong Chongfang biancheng kan 1960-1980 niandai Zhang Ailing de chuangzuo xinjing yu yujing— Jiantan Zhang Ailing de ziyi yu gaixie [Analysing Zhang Ailing’ creation and context in A return to the frontier—Zhang Ailing’s self-translation and adaptation]. Comparative Literature in China 3: 169-178. google scholar
  • Riep, Steven L. 2016. Chinese Modernism: The New Sensationists. In The Columbia Companion to Modern Chinese Literature, ed. Kirk Denton, 176-182. New York: Columbia University Press. google scholar
  • Rogers, Michael. 1998. The Rice-Sprout Song / The Rouge of the North. Library Journal 1: 224. google scholar
  • Sang, Tze-lan. 2012. Romancing Rhetoricity and Historicity: The Representational Politics and Poetics of Little Reunion. In Eileen Chang: Romancing Languages, Cultures and Genres, ed. Kam Louie, 193-214. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. google scholar
  • Shan, Te-hsing. 2014. Eileen Chang as a Chinese Translator of American Literature. In Modern China and the West: Translation and Cultural Mediation, eds. Hsiao-yen Peng and Isabelle Rabut, 106-125. Leiden and Boston: Brill. google scholar
  • Shapiro. Judith. 2001. Mao’s War Against Nature: Legacy and Lessons. Journal of East Asian Studies. 1.2. Perspectives on Environmental Protection in Northeast Asia: 93-119. google scholar
  • Shen, Rui. 2008. 伟大的政治小说: 张爱玲的《秧歌》Weidade zhengzhi xiaoshuo: Zhang Ailing de Yangge [A great political novel: Zhang Ailing’s The Rice-Sprout Song]. Nangfang Yishu Bao. 04 November 2008. https://www.zgnfys.com/a/nfwx-31834.shtml. google scholar
  • Shen, Shuang. 2012a. Ends of Betrayal: Diaspora and Historical Representation in the Late Works of Zhang Ailing. Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 24.1: 112-148. google scholar
  • Shen, Shuang. 2012b. Betrayal, Impersonation, and Bilingualism: Eileen Chang’s Self-Translation. In Eileen Chang: Romancing Languages, Cultures and Genres, ed. Kam Louie, 91-112. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. google scholar
  • Shutt, Stephen. 1998. The Rice-Sprout Song The Rouge of the North: Eileen Chang. Boston Review 23.5: 55. google scholar
  • Strauss, Julia C. 2017. Campaigns of Redistribution: Land Reform and State: Building in China and Taiwan, 1950-1953. In States in the Developing World, eds. Miguel A. Centeno, Atul Kohli and Deborah J. Yashar, 339-362. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Sun, Tao, Marty Horn, and Dennis Merritt. 2004. Values and lifestyles of individualists and collectivists: A study on Chinese, Japanese, British and US consumers. The Journal of Consumer Marketing 21(4): 318-331. google scholar
  • Sun, Xuen. 1985. 关于 “牛郎织女” 神话故事的几个问题 Guanyu Niulang Zhinv shenhua gushi zhongde jige wenti [Several questions on the methodology related to Nulang and Zhinv]. Journal of Wuhan University 03: 103-107. google scholar
  • Tan, Teck Heng. 2021. How to read modern Chinese literature in English? The women beside/s modernism. PhD thesis, King’s College London. google scholar
  • Thorpe, Ashley. 2005. Only Joking? The Relationship between the Clown and Percussion in ‘Jingju’. Asian Theatre Journal 22.2: 269-292. google scholar
  • Tian, Min. 2000. Male Dan: The Paradox of Sex, Acting, and Perception of Female Impersonation in Traditional Chinese Theatre. Asian Theatre Journal 17.1: 78-97. google scholar
  • Tu, Qingyin and Changbao Li. 2017. A Review on Textless Back Translation of China-Themed Works Written in English. Studies in Literature and Language 14.1: 1-7. google scholar
  • Van Bolderen, Trish and Eva Gentes. 2021. Self-Translation. Oxford Bibliographies Online. DOI: 10.1093/ obo/9780199913701-0104. google scholar
  • Venuti, Lawrence. 1986. The Translator’s Invisibility. Criticism 28.2: 179-212. google scholar
  • Venuti, Lawrence. 1992. Introduction. In Rethinking Translation: Discourse, Subjectivity, Ideology, ed. Lawrence Venuti, 1-17. London and New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Venuti, Lawrence. 1998. Strategies of translation. In Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, eds. Mona Baker, 240-244. London and New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Visser, Robin and Jie Lu. 2016. Contemporary Urban Fiction: Rewriting the City. In The Columbia Companion to Modern Chinese Literature, ed. Kirk Denton, 345-354. New York: Columbia University Press. google scholar
  • Wang, David Der-Wei. 1998. Three Hungry Women. boundary 2. 25.3. Modern Chinese Literary and Cultural Studies in the Age of Theory: Reimagining a Field: 47-76. google scholar
  • Wang, Gaixia. 2015. 张爱玲翻译文学的缺失与回归——以《老人与海》为例 Zhang Ailing fanyi wenxue de queshi yu huigui—Yi Laoren yuhai weili [Zhang Ailing’s translation of literature— Analysing her translation of The old man and the sea]. Short Story: 81-82. google scholar
  • Wang, Jing. 2011. 性别意识与文学翻译——张爱玲翻译个案研究 Xingbie yishi yu wenxue fanyi—Zhang Ailing fanyi gean yanjiu [Gender consciousness and literary translation—Study of Eileen Chang’s translation practice]. Foreign Languages in China 05: 102-106. google scholar
  • Wang, Xiaojue. 2012. Eileen Chang, Dream of the Red Chamber, and the Cold War. In Eileen Chang: Romancing Languages, Cultures and Genres, ed. Kam Louie, 113-130. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. google scholar
  • Wang, Xiaojue. 2016. Borders and Borderlands Narratives in Cold War China. In The Oxford Handbook of Modern Chinese Literatures, eds. Carlos Rojas and Andrea Bachner, 334-355. Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Wang, Zhigang and Michael Micklin. 1996. The Transformation of Naming Practices in Chinese Families: Some linguistic clues to social change. Show all authors. International Sociology 11.2: 187-212. google scholar
  • Weng, Leihua. 2018. Modernity in a Wartime Tramcar. The Comparatist 42: 286-303. google scholar
  • Wu, Yuanqiong. 2012. On the English version of Chinese personal names. Perspectives: Studies in Translation Theory and Practice 20.2: 139-149. google scholar
  • Yan, Jihua. 2020. 愛張‧張愛: 讀解張愛玲 Aizhang Zhangai: Jiedu Zhang Ailing [An interpretation of Zhang Ailing]. Taipei: Showwe Information Co. Ltd. google scholar
  • Yan, Yidan and Yuxi Wang. 2014. 张爱玲自译文学作品中陌生化手法的再现研究 Zhang Ailing ziyi wenxue zuopinzhong moshenghuade zaixian yanjiu [A Study on the Representation of Defamiliarization Devices in Eileen Chang’s Chinese-English Self-translation]. Foreign Language Research 4: 121-125. google scholar
  • Yang, Yingying. 2015.《秧歌》的非政治化解读——中英两版中的月香之死与人性救赎 Yangge de fei zhengzhihua jiedu zhongying liangban zhongde Yuexiang zhi si yu renxing jiushu [Non- political interpretation of The Rice-Sprout Song—The death of Yuexiang in Chinese and English version and human nature]. Contemporary Writers Review 4: 98-104. google scholar
  • Yao, Sijia. 2017. Female Desire: Defiant Text and Intercultural Context in Works by D. H. Lawrence and Eileen Chang. Rocky Mountain Review 71.2: 195-212. google scholar
  • Young L. C. and Steven R. Ford. 1977. God is Society: The Religious Dimension of Maoism. Sociological Inquiry 47/2: 89-97. google scholar
  • Xie, Yu and Chunni Zhang. 2019. The long-term impact of the Communist Revolution on social stratification in contemporary China. PNAS 116 (39): 19392-19397. google scholar
  • Xinhua Dictionary. 2004. 新华字典 Xinhua Zidian [Xinhua Dictionary]. Beijing: Commercial Press. google scholar
  • Xinhua Idiom Dictionary. 2002. 新华成语词典 Xinhua chengyu cidian [Xinhua Idiom Dictionary]. Beijing: Commercial Press. google scholar
  • Zhang, Ailing. 2001. 秧歌 Yangge [The Rice-Sprout Song]. 张爱玲典藏全集 Zhang Ailing zuopin ji [A complete collection of Zhang Ailing’s works]. Taipei: Crown Publishing Company Ltd. google scholar
  • Zdic.net. 2021a. 请安 Qing an [To greet]. Zdic.net. Accessed 22 November 2021. https://www.zdic.net/hant/请安. google scholar
  • Zdic.net. 2021b. 混饭吃 Hun fan chi [To make a living]. Zdic.net. Accessed 22 November 2021. https://www. zdic.net/hant/混饭吃. google scholar
  • Zdic.net. 2021c. 打算盘 Da suanpan [To calculate with an abacus]. Zdic.net. Accessed 22 November 2021. https:// www.zdic.net/hant/打算盘. google scholar
  • Zhao, Xifang. 2019. 報刊香港: 歷史語境與文學場域 Baokan xianggang: Lishi yujing yu wenxue changyu [Newspapers in Hong Kong: Historical context and literary realm]. Hong Kong: Joint Publishing HK. google scholar
  • Zhao, Yan. 2017. 张爱玲自译作品中的变译现象——以《桂花蒸阿小悲秋》为例 Zhang Ailing ziyi zuopin zhongde bianyi xianxiang—Yi Guihuazheng axiao beiqiu weili [Translation variations of Eileen Chang’s self-translated short novel Shame Amah as an example]. Journal of Hunan University of Technology 22.3: 124-128. google scholar
There are 100 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section MAKALELER
Authors

Aiqing Wang 0000-0001-7546-4959

Publication Date February 3, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 15

Cite

APA Wang, A. (2022). Eileen Chang’s Creation and Self-Translation of The Rice-Sprout Song. İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi(15), 17-34. https://doi.org/10.26650/iujts.2021.1028028
AMA Wang A. Eileen Chang’s Creation and Self-Translation of The Rice-Sprout Song. İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi. February 2022;(15):17-34. doi:10.26650/iujts.2021.1028028
Chicago Wang, Aiqing. “Eileen Chang’s Creation and Self-Translation of The Rice-Sprout Song”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi, no. 15 (February 2022): 17-34. https://doi.org/10.26650/iujts.2021.1028028.
EndNote Wang A (February 1, 2022) Eileen Chang’s Creation and Self-Translation of The Rice-Sprout Song. İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi 15 17–34.
IEEE A. Wang, “Eileen Chang’s Creation and Self-Translation of The Rice-Sprout Song”, İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi, no. 15, pp. 17–34, February 2022, doi: 10.26650/iujts.2021.1028028.
ISNAD Wang, Aiqing. “Eileen Chang’s Creation and Self-Translation of The Rice-Sprout Song”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi 15 (February 2022), 17-34. https://doi.org/10.26650/iujts.2021.1028028.
JAMA Wang A. Eileen Chang’s Creation and Self-Translation of The Rice-Sprout Song. İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi. 2022;:17–34.
MLA Wang, Aiqing. “Eileen Chang’s Creation and Self-Translation of The Rice-Sprout Song”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi, no. 15, 2022, pp. 17-34, doi:10.26650/iujts.2021.1028028.
Vancouver Wang A. Eileen Chang’s Creation and Self-Translation of The Rice-Sprout Song. İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi. 2022(15):17-34.