Profiling of non-pathogenic bacterial population by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in stone fruits

Year 2022, , 220 - 225, 15.06.2022

Serkan Bayman , Hamit Kavak

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2022.2.3

Abstract

The study was carried out to investigate the status of non-pathogenic bacteria isolated from infected plant tissues in stone fruit orchards including almonds, apricots, cherries, mahaleb, olives and plums in Adıyaman, Diyarbakır and Mardin provinces of Turkey. Surveys were performed in the mentioned provinces between March and August in 2019-2021. Survey studies showed that, 87 samples with typical bacterial disease symptoms were collected from 34 different stone fruit orchards. Hypersensitivity (HR) and host pathogenicity tests were performed following isolation from diseased plant tissues in the samples. A total of 70 isolates, which were found to be non-pathogenic with negative HR and host pathogenicity tests, were definitively diagnosed by MALDI-TOF analysis method. Finally, it was specified that bacteria of Bacillus and Pseudomonas genera were more densely colonized in different tissues of stone fruits. It was concluded that the most concentrated bacteria in the stone fruits was Stenotrophomonas rhizophila with 13 isolates, followed by respectively Bacillus megaterium with 9 isolates, Pantoea agglomerans with 7 isolates, Bacillus pumilus with 6 isolates, Xanthomonas hortorum with 5 isolates, Bacillus mojavensis and Rahnella aquatilis with 3 isolates

Keywords

Drupe, MALDI-TOF, Non-pathogenic bacteria, Bacteria population, Agriculture

Supporting Institution

This study was financially supported by Dicle University Scientific Research Projects Coordinatorship

Project Number

(Project No: Ziraat.19.009)

Thanks

The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Centre for Implementation and Research of Plant Health Clinic with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis.

References

• Ahmad, F., Siddiqui, M. A., Babalola, O. O., Wu, H. F. (2012). Biofunctionalization of nanoparticle assisted mass spectrometry as biosensors for rapid detection of plant associated bacteria. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 35(1), 235-242.
• Aktan, Z. C. C., Soylu, S. (2020). Diyarbakır ilinde yetişen badem ağaçlarından endofit ve epifit bakteri türlerinin izolasyonu ve bitki gelişimini teşvik eden mekanizmalarının karakterizasyonu. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 23(3), 641-654. (in Turkish)
• Alavi, P., Starcher, M., Zachow, C., Müller, H., Berg, G. (2013). Root-microbe systems: the effect and mode of interaction of stress protecting agent (SPA) Stenotrophomonas rhizophila DSM14405T. Frontiers in Plant Science, 4, 141.
• Barash, I., Manulis-Sasson, S. (2007). Virulence mechanisms and host specificity of gall-forming Pantoea agglomerans. TRENDS in Microbiology, 15(12), 538-545.
• Berg, G., Knaape, C., Ballin, G., Seidel, D. (1994). Biological control of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. by natural occurring rhizosphere bacteria. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 29(3), 249-262.
• Bremer, H. (1954). Türkiye Fitopatolojisi. Zirai Vekalet ve Haberleşme Müdürlüğü. Ankara. S. 295. (in Turkish)
• Bülbül, M., Mirik, M. (2014). Prevalence, isolation and identification of bacterial cancer pathogens on sweet cherry trees in Tekirdağ. The Journal of Turkish Phytopathology, 43: (1-2-3) 15-24.
• Costa, J., Pothier, J. F., Boch, J., Stefani, E., Jacques, M. A., Catara, V., Koebnik, R. (2021). Integrating science on Xanthomonadaceae for sustainable plant disease management in Europe. Molecular Plant Pathology, 22(12), 1461.
• Dunne, C., Moënne‐Loccoz, Y., McCarthy, J., Higgins, P., Powell, J., Dowling, D. N., O'gara, F. (1998). Combining proteolytic and phloroglucinol‐producing bacteria for improved biocontrol of Pythium‐mediated damping‐off of sugar beet. Plant pathology, 47(3), 299-307.
• Ernst, M., Silva, D. B., Silva, R., Monge, M., Semir, J., Vencio, R. Z., Lopes, N. P. (2015). A metabolomic protocol for plant systematics by matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of flight mass spectrometry. Analytica chimica acta, 859, 46-58.
• FAO, (2020). Crops and livestock products. Erişim: [https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL]. Erişim Tarihi: 17.01.2022
• Gnanamanickam, S. S., Immanuel, J. E. (2007). Epiphytic bacteria, their ecology and functions. Plant-associated bacteria, 131-153.
• Gormez, A., Sahin, F. (2012). Determination of the pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria on stone fruits grown in Northeast Anatolia region of Turkey. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 34(1): 42-50.
• Kara, M., Uysal, A., Sönmez, E., Soylu, E. M., Kurt, Ş., Soylu, S. (2017). Employment of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for identification of antagonist and plant growth promoting bacterial isolates. 3rd International Symposium for Agriculture and Food – ISAF 2017, 18-20 October 2017, Ohrid/Republic of Macedonia. p. 338.
• Karaca, İ. 1(977). Fitobakteriyoloji ve bakteriyel hastalıklar. Ege Üni. Ziraat Fak. Yay. No:294. (in Turkish)
• Kavak, H., Çıtır, A. (1995). Malatya İli Merkez İlçede Kayısılarda Görülen Hastalıkların Tanıları ve Yaygınlık Oranları Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Türkiye VII. Fitopatoloji Kongresi, Adana. S.531-534. (in Turkish)
• Kavak, H., Üstün, N., (2009). Oleander knot caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. nerii on Nerium oleander in Turkey. Journal of Plant Pathology, 91: 701-703.
• Kinkel, L. L., Wilson, M., Lindow, S. E. (2000). Plant species and plant incubation conditions influence variability in epiphytic bacterial population size. Microbial ecology, 39(1), 1-11.
• Klement, Z., Lovrekovich, L., Farkas, G. L. (1964). Hypersensitive reaction induced by phytopathogenic bacteria in the tobacco leaf. Phytopathology, 54: 474-477.
• Klement, Z., Rudolph, K., Sands, D. C. (1990). Methods in phytopathology. Akademiai Kiado, 153-180, Budapest.
• Kotan, R., Şahin, F., Ala, A. (2006). Identification and pathogenicity of bacteria isolated from pome fruits trees in eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 113: 8–13.
• Lelliott, R. A., Stead, D. E. (1987). Methods for the diagnosis of bacterial diseases of plants. British Society for Plant Pathology and Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford.
• Manceau, C. R., Kasempour, M. N. (2003). Enophytic versus epiphytic colonization of plants: What comes first? In: Phyllosphere microbiology ed. Lindow, S.E., Hecht-Poinar, E.I. and Elliott, V.J. pp. 115–123. St. Paul, USA: APS Press.
• Marchi, G., Sisto, A., Cimmino, A., Andolfi, A., Cipriani, M. G., Evidente, A., Surico, G. (2006). Interaction between Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi and Pantoea agglomerans in olive knots. Plant Pathology, 55(5), 614-624.
• McGarvey, J. A., Connell, J. H., Stanker, L. H., Hnasko, R. (2014). Bacterial population structure and dynamics during the development of almond drupes. Journal of applied microbiology, 116(6), 1543-1552.
• Mirik, M., Öksel, C., Özdemir, M. (2016). Tekirdağ ilinde kirazda Bakteriyel kanser hastalığına neden olan hastalık etmenlerinin karakterizasyonu. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 56(4), 385-397. (in Turkish)
• Ogawa, J. M., Zehr, E. I., Bird, G. W., Ritchie, D. F., Uriu, K., Uyemoto, J. K. (1995). Compendium of stone fruit diseases. St. Paul, MN: APS Press. S. 103-105.
• Pavlovic, M., Konrad, R., Iwobi, A. N., Sing, A., Busch, U., Huber, I. (2012). A dual approach employing MALDITOF MS and real-time PCR for fast species identification within the enterobacter cloacae complex. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 328: 46–53.
• Popović, T., Menković, J., Prokić, A., Zlatković, N., Obradović, A. (2021). Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas syringae isolates affecting stone fruits and almond in Montenegro. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 128: 391-405.
• Reinhold-Hurek, B., Hurek, T. (2011). Living inside plants: bacterial endophytes. Current opinion in plant biology, 14(4), 435-443.
• Ryan, R. P., Monchy, S., Cardinale, M., Taghavi, S., Crossman, L., Avison, M. B., Dow, J. M. (2009). The versatility and adaptation of bacteria from the genus Stenotrophomonas. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 7(7), 514-525.
• TÜİK, (2020). Bilimsel Üretim İstatistikleri. Erişim: [https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr]. Erişim Tarihi: 17.01.2022
• Türkoğlu, K., Çınar, Ö., Öktem, Y. (1974). Sivas ve Malatya illerinde kayısı ağaçlarında kurumaların sebepleri ve en uygun mücadele metodunun tespiti üzerinde araştırmalar. TÜBİTAK. TOAG. 149 No’lu Projenin Kesin Raporu. S. 62. (in Turkish)
• Wilson, E. E. (1953). Bacteriel canker of stone fruits. Year Book of Agriculture. USDA. S. 722-729.