Effects of Paclobutrazol and Gibberellin A3 in Combination with Calcium Chloride and 8-HQ on Increasing the Vase Life of Cut Rose

Ezgi Doğan Meral; Zahide Süslüoğlu

doi:10.31015/2025.3.1

EN

Effects of Paclobutrazol and Gibberellin A3 in Combination with Calcium Chloride and 8-HQ on Increasing the Vase Life of Cut Rose

Abstract

The cut rose, a globally traded ornamental flower, is highly perishable due to issues such as vascular blockage, inadequate water absorption, neck bending, petal discoloration, disease, and senescence. Prolonging the vase life of cut roses is crucial for enhancing their commercial value, and the use of preservatives in vase solutions has proven effective in achieving this goal. In this study, the ‘Samourai’ variety of Rosa hybrida, characterized by standard-type red flowers and widespread international trade, was used to assess the effects of plant growth regulators on delaying senescence and extending vase life Treatments included: (T1) Paclobutrazol (100 mg L⁻¹) + CaCl₂ (5 g L⁻¹) + Sucrose (1%), (T2) Paclobutrazol (100 mg L⁻¹) + 8-HQ (200 mg L⁻¹) + Sucrose (1%), (T3) GA₃ (75 mg L⁻¹) + 8-HQ (200 mg L⁻¹) + Sucrose (1%), (T4) GA₃ (75 mg L⁻¹) + CaCl₂ (5 g L⁻¹) + Sucrose (1%), and a control with distilled water. Paclobutrazol treatments effectively delayed flower opening, and also 8-HQ treatments inhibited bacterial growth in the vase solutions. The highest fresh weight and total solution uptake were observed in the T2 treatment. Minimal color changes occurred in treatments containing paclobutrazol compared to the control, which exhibited the most pronounced discoloration. Overall, the combination of paclobutrazol, 8-HQ, and sucrose demonstrated the most significant effect in prolonging the vase life of cut roses, providing valuable insights for enhancing postharvest management in the floriculture industry. By enhancing the longevity and quality of cut flowers, this approach contributes to reducing postharvest losses and supports economic sustainability for growers and retailers. Future studies could focus on refining the concentration and application methods of these treatments, also investigating their effects on various rose cultivars and other commercially important cut flowers. Additionally, assessing the long-term environmental impacts and cost-effectiveness of these solutions would further aid in establishing best practices for large-scale implementation.

Keywords

Cut rose, Paclobutrazol, GA3, 8-HQ

References

Balestra, G., Agostini, R., Bellincontro, A., Mencarelli, F., & Varvaro, L. (2005). Bacterial populations related to gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.) stem break. Phytopathol. Mediterr, 44, 291–299.
Bashir, M. O., Kinuthia, K., Faroug, M., Awad, F., Muleke, E., Ahmadzai, Z., & Liu, L. (2017). Effects of Gibberellin and Gibberellin Biosynthesis Inhibitor (Paclobutrazol) Applications on Radish (Raphanus sativus) Taproot Expansion and the Presence of Authentic Hormones. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 19(04), 779–786. https://doi.org/10.17957/IJAB/15.0359
Bugas, R. A., Smith, D. L. (2002). Effects of water quality on the postharvest longevity of cut flowers. HortScience, 37(3), 438-442.
Davari, K., Rokhzadi, A., Mohammadi, K., & Pasari, B. (2022). Paclobutrazol and Amino Acid-Based Biostimulant as Beneficial Compounds in Alleviating the Drought Stress Effects on Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 22(1), 674–690. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-021-00677-9
Desta, B., and Amare, G. (2021). Paclobutrazol as a plant growth regulator. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture, 8(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-020-00199-z
Ferrante, A., Vernieri, P., Serra, G., & Tognoni, F. (2004). Changes in abscisic acid during leaf yellowing of cut stock flowers. Plant Growth Regulation, 43(2), 127–134. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:grow.0000040119.27627.b2
Google Maps. Coordinate of Bingol University. Available online: https://www.google.com/maps (accessed on 30 December 2024).
Gul, F., Tahir, I., and Shahri, W. (2014). Improvement in postharvest performance of cut scapes of Nerine sarniensis red by the application of growth regulators. International Journal of Postharvest Technology and Innovation, 4(2/3/4), 103. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPTI.2014.068705
Halevy, A., and Mayak, S. (1979). Senescence and Postharvest Physiology of Cut Flowers, Part 1. In Horticultural Reviews (pp. 204–236). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118060742.ch5
Hendry, G. A. F., Houghton, J. D. (1996). Natural Food Colorants. Springer.

Iqbal, M., Ashraf, M., Jamil, A. (2006). Seed enhancement with cytokinins: changes in growth and grain yield in salt stressed wheat plants. Plant Growth Regulation, 207–214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-006-0014-6
Kamoutsis, A. P., Chronopoulou-Sereli, A. G., & Paspatis, E. A. (1999). Paclobutrazol Affects Growth and Flower Bud Production in Gardenia under Different Light Regimes. HortScience, 34(4), 674–675. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.34.4.674
Kazaz, S., Doğan, E., Kılıç, T., Ergür, E. G., & Seyhan, S. (2019). Influence of Holding SOLUTIONS on vase life of cut Hydrangea Flowers (Hydrangea macrophylla Thunb.). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28(4A), 3554–2559.
Kumar, R., Gupta, A. K., Lal, R. K. (2018). Effect of paclobutrazol on growth, flower yield, and vase life of cut flowers. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 75(3), 512–518.
Li, Z., Zhou, W., Wang, P., Chen, Y., Huo, S., Wang, J., Tian, D., Niu, J., Zhao, Y., & Song, X. (2021). Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Senescence Process Controlling the Flower Opening and Closure Rhythm in the Waterlilies (Nymphaea L.). Frontiers in Plant Science, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.701633
Lü, P., Cao, J., He, S., Liu, J., Li, H., Cheng, G., Ding, Y., & Joyce, D. C. (2010). Nano-silver pulse treatments improve water relations of cut rose cv. Movie Star flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 57(3), 196–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2010.04.003
Mansuroğlu, S., Karagüzel, O., Ortaçeşme, V., & Sayan, S. (2009). Effect of Paclobutrazol on flowering, Leaf and Flower Colour of Consalida orientalis. Pakistan Journal of Botan, 41(5), 2323–2332.
Mayak, S., Halevy, A. H., Sagie, S., Bar-Yoseph, A., & Bravdo, B. (1974). The water balance of cut rose flowers. Physiology Plan, 31, 15–22.
Mohan, R., Kaur, T., Bhat, H., Khajuria, M., Pal, S., & Vyas, D. (2020). Paclobutrazol Induces Photochemical Efficiency in Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Under Water Stress and Affects Leaf Yield Without Influencing Biotic Interactions. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 39(1), 205–215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-019-09975-0
Nair, S. A., Singh, V., Sharma, T. V. R. S. (2003). Effect of chemical preservatives on enhancing vase-life of gerbera flowers. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 41(1/2), 56–58.
Noman, A., Ali, Q., Maqsood, J., Iqbal, N., Javed, M. T., Rasool, N., & Naseem, J. (2018). Deciphering physio-biochemical, yield, and nutritional quality attributes of water-stressed radish (Raphanus sativus L.) plants grown from Zn-Lys primed seeds. Chemosphere, 195, 175–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.059
Noman, A., Aqeel, M., Deng, J., Khalid, N., Sanaullah, T., & Shuilin, H. (2017). Biotechnological Advancements for Improving Floral Attributes in Ornamental Plants. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00530
Raza, A., Iqbal, N., Mahmood, S., Parveen, S., Azeem, M., Nawaz, M., Javed, M., T., & Noman, A. (2018). Harnessing Natural Colorants for Sustainable Textile Dyeing an Eco-Friendly Approach Using Sweet Cane (Saccharum Bengalense Retz.) Inflorescence. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 61. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2018170802
Reid, M. S. (2005). Flower Development : From Bud to Bloom. Acta Horticulturae, 669, 105–110. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.669.12
Reid, M. S., & Jiang, C. (2012). Postharvest Biology and Technology of Cut Flowers and Potted Plants. In Horticultural Reviews (pp. 1–54). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118351871.ch1
Rogers, M. N. (2012). Paclobutrazol: A chemical approach to extending the longevity of cut flowers. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 31(1), 25–33.
Saeed, T., Hassan, I., Nadeem, A., & Jilani, G. (2016). Antioxidative activities and qualitative changes in gladiolus cut flowers in response to salicylic acid application. Scientia Horticulturae, 210, 236–241. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.07.034
Saleem, K., Asghar, M. A., Raza, A., Pan, K., Ullah, A., Javed, H. H., Seleiman, M. F., Imran, S., Nadeem, S. M., Khan, K. S., Du, J., Xu, F., Kocsy, G., Siddique, K. H. M., & Riaz, A. (2024). Alleviating Drought Stress in Strawberry Plants: Unraveling the Role of Paclobutrazol as a Growth Regulator and Reducer of Oxidative Stress Induced by Reactive Oxygen and Carbonyl Species. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 43(9), 3238–3253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-023-11120-x
Seyed Hajizadeh, H., Aghdam, S.B., Fakhrghazi, H., Karakuş, S., Kaya, Ö. (2024). Physico-Chemical Responses of Alstroemeria spp. cv. Rebecca to the presence of Salicylic Acid and Sucrose in vase solution during postharvest life, BMC Plant Biology, 24:121
Sharma, P., and Thakur, N. (2020). Effect of pulsing and storage methods for extending vase life of cut flowers. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 8(6), 1320–1328. https://doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i6s.10943
Singh, A., Kumar, J., & Kumar, P. (2008). Effects of plant growth regulators and sucrose on post harvest physiology, membrane stability and vase life of cut spikes of gladiolus. Plant Growth Regulation, 55(3), 221–229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-008-9278-3
Soad, M., Lobna, S. T., & RawiaA, A. E. (2011). Extending postharvest life and keeping quality of Gerbera cut-flowers using some chemical preservatives. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 7(7), 1233–1239.
Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I. M., and Murphy, A. (2015). Plant Physiology and Development. Sinauer Associates.
Tayeh, A. M., Shafiee, A. 2015. Influence of pH and Electrical Conductivity of Floral Preservatives on Vase Life of Cut Flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 104, 35-43.
Toyohara, N., Higashi, A., & Goto, T. (2020). Effects of Flowering Stage at Harvest, Storage Method, and Application of Gibberellin and benzyladenine on Flower Opening and Tepal Senescence of Dutch Iris ‘Blue Magic’ Cut Flower. Horticultural Research (Japan), 19(1), 75–82. https://doi.org/10.2503/hrj.19.75
van Doorn, W. G., Kamdee, C. (2014). Flower opening and closure: A review. Journal of Experimental Botany, 65(20), 5745–5757.
van Doorn, W. G. (2012). Water Relations of Cut Flowers: An Update. In Horticultural Reviews (pp. 55–106). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118351871.ch2
Van Doorn, W. G. (1997). Effects of bacterial contamination on the postharvest performance of cut flowers. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 72(1), 1–17.
van Doorn, W. G., & Reid, M. S. (1995). Vascular occlusion in cut flowers: A review. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 6(1–2), 59–74.
van Doorn, W. G., Schurer, K., and de Witte, Y. (1989). Role of Endogenous Bacteria in Vascular Blockage of Cut Rose Flowers. Journal of Plant Physiology, 134(3), 375–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-1617 (89) 80259-7
van Doorn, W. G., Woltering, E. J. (2008). Physiology and molecular biology of flower senescence. Journal of Experimental Botany, 59(3), 453–480.
Van Doorn, W. G., & Broekhuysen, G. J. (2012). Postharvest Physiology of Cut Flowers. In Horticultural Reviews (Vol. 38, pp. 1-44). Wiley-Blackwell.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Post Harvest Horticultural Technologies (Incl. Transportation and Storage)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ezgi Doğan Meral ^*
0000-0003-0854-7134
Türkiye

Zahide Süslüoğlu
0000-0002-3958-6374
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 27, 2025

Submission Date

February 10, 2025

Acceptance Date

May 12, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 9 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.31015/2025.3.1

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA85UJ42LC

APA

Doğan Meral, E., & Süslüoğlu, Z. (2025). Effects of Paclobutrazol and Gibberellin A3 in Combination with Calcium Chloride and 8-HQ on Increasing the Vase Life of Cut Rose. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, 9(3), 638-647. https://doi.org/10.31015/2025.3.1

AMA

1.Doğan Meral E, Süslüoğlu Z. Effects of Paclobutrazol and Gibberellin A3 in Combination with Calcium Chloride and 8-HQ on Increasing the Vase Life of Cut Rose. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. 2025;9(3):638-647. doi:10.31015/2025.3.1

Chicago

Doğan Meral, Ezgi, and Zahide Süslüoğlu. 2025. “Effects of Paclobutrazol and Gibberellin A3 in Combination With Calcium Chloride and 8-HQ on Increasing the Vase Life of Cut Rose”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 9 (3): 638-47. https://doi.org/10.31015/2025.3.1.

EndNote

Doğan Meral E, Süslüoğlu Z (September 1, 2025) Effects of Paclobutrazol and Gibberellin A3 in Combination with Calcium Chloride and 8-HQ on Increasing the Vase Life of Cut Rose. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 9 3 638–647.

IEEE

[1]E. Doğan Meral and Z. Süslüoğlu, “Effects of Paclobutrazol and Gibberellin A3 in Combination with Calcium Chloride and 8-HQ on Increasing the Vase Life of Cut Rose”, int. j. agric. environ. food sci., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 638–647, Sept. 2025, doi: 10.31015/2025.3.1.

ISNAD

Doğan Meral, Ezgi - Süslüoğlu, Zahide. “Effects of Paclobutrazol and Gibberellin A3 in Combination With Calcium Chloride and 8-HQ on Increasing the Vase Life of Cut Rose”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 9/3 (September 1, 2025): 638-647. https://doi.org/10.31015/2025.3.1.

JAMA

1.Doğan Meral E, Süslüoğlu Z. Effects of Paclobutrazol and Gibberellin A3 in Combination with Calcium Chloride and 8-HQ on Increasing the Vase Life of Cut Rose. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. 2025;9:638–647.

MLA

Doğan Meral, Ezgi, and Zahide Süslüoğlu. “Effects of Paclobutrazol and Gibberellin A3 in Combination With Calcium Chloride and 8-HQ on Increasing the Vase Life of Cut Rose”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, vol. 9, no. 3, Sept. 2025, pp. 638-47, doi:10.31015/2025.3.1.

Vancouver

1.Ezgi Doğan Meral, Zahide Süslüoğlu. Effects of Paclobutrazol and Gibberellin A3 in Combination with Calcium Chloride and 8-HQ on Increasing the Vase Life of Cut Rose. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. 2025 Sep. 1;9(3):638-47. doi:10.31015/2025.3.1

Abstracting & Indexing Services

Google Scholar | Crossref DOI Registry

All content published in this journal is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
Authors retain copyright of their work and grant the journal a non-exclusive right to publish, reproduce, and distribute the articles within an open-access framework.

Web: dergipark.org.tr/jaefs E-mail: editorialoffice@jaefs.com Phone / WhatsApp: +90 850 309 59 27

Effects of Paclobutrazol and Gibberellin A3 in Combination with Calcium Chloride and 8-HQ on Increasing the Vase Life of Cut Rose

Abstract

Effects of Paclobutrazol and Gibberellin A3 in Combination with Calcium Chloride and 8-HQ on Increasing the Vase Life of Cut Rose

Abstract

Keywords

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

Cite

Abstracting & Indexing Services

© International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences