Effect of flax rhizobacteria on germination and seedling growth under copper toxicity

Murat Güler; Sancar Fatıh Ozcan; Burak Önol

doi:10.31015/2025.2.21

EN

Effect of flax rhizobacteria on germination and seedling growth under copper toxicity

Abstract

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) supports plant growth by decreasing heavy metal levels in soil through methods that alter metal pathways and convert toxins into safe forms. Five rhizobacterial isolates (FLX-1, FLX-2, FLX-3, FLX-4, and FLX-5) isolated from flax rhizosphere were identified using MALDI-TOF-MS techniques based on morphology, biochemistry, and plant growth-promoting properties. Four isolates (FLX-1, FLX-2, FLX-3, FLX-5) capable of fixing nitrogen, four (FLX-1, FLX-3, FLX-4, FLX-5) dissolving inorganic phosphate, and three (FLX-2, FLX-4, FLX-5) producing IAA and HCN. Additionally, in this study, the effects of 5 different rhizobacteria and copper (CuSO4) doses (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mM) on growth and development parameters of flax seeds were determined under fully controlled climate chambers. Moreover, Different rhizobacteria treatments significantly improved growth and development parameters in flax seed compared to the control group. It was observed that increasing copper doses resulted in a significant decrease in parameters such as germination rate, mean germination time, germination power index, root length, and shoot length in bacterial treatments. When evaluating the responses of different rhizobacteria treatments to copper heavy metal in flax seed germination, it was determined that the treatment of Pseudomonas chlororaphis FLX-5 yielded better results compared to other treatments and was effective in reducing the negative effects of copper in terms of the tested germination characteristics. In conclusion, the current study suggests that Pseudomonas chlororaphis FLX-5 may efficiently be used in tolerating copper toxicity, indicating that further research is needed in this area.

Keywords

Flax, Copper, PGPR, Germination, Pseudomonas chlororaphis

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Plant Bacteriology in Agriculture, Soil Microbiology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Murat Güler ^*
0000-0002-3074-6458
Türkiye

Sancar Fatıh Ozcan
0000-0002-7398-6478
Türkiye

Burak Önol
0000-0003-3114-558X
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 26, 2025

Submission Date

March 6, 2025

Acceptance Date

June 12, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 9 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.31015/2025.2.21

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA73UG46YW

APA

Güler, M., Ozcan, S. F., & Önol, B. (2025). Effect of flax rhizobacteria on germination and seedling growth under copper toxicity. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, 9(2), 477-492. https://doi.org/10.31015/2025.2.21

AMA

1.Güler M, Ozcan SF, Önol B. Effect of flax rhizobacteria on germination and seedling growth under copper toxicity. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. 2025;9(2):477-492. doi:10.31015/2025.2.21

Chicago

Güler, Murat, Sancar Fatıh Ozcan, and Burak Önol. 2025. “Effect of Flax Rhizobacteria on Germination and Seedling Growth under Copper Toxicity”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 9 (2): 477-92. https://doi.org/10.31015/2025.2.21.

EndNote

Güler M, Ozcan SF, Önol B (June 1, 2025) Effect of flax rhizobacteria on germination and seedling growth under copper toxicity. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 9 2 477–492.

IEEE

[1]M. Güler, S. F. Ozcan, and B. Önol, “Effect of flax rhizobacteria on germination and seedling growth under copper toxicity”, int. j. agric. environ. food sci., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 477–492, June 2025, doi: 10.31015/2025.2.21.

ISNAD

Güler, Murat - Ozcan, Sancar Fatıh - Önol, Burak. “Effect of Flax Rhizobacteria on Germination and Seedling Growth under Copper Toxicity”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 9/2 (June 1, 2025): 477-492. https://doi.org/10.31015/2025.2.21.

JAMA

1.Güler M, Ozcan SF, Önol B. Effect of flax rhizobacteria on germination and seedling growth under copper toxicity. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. 2025;9:477–492.

MLA

Güler, Murat, et al. “Effect of Flax Rhizobacteria on Germination and Seedling Growth under Copper Toxicity”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, vol. 9, no. 2, June 2025, pp. 477-92, doi:10.31015/2025.2.21.

Vancouver

1.Murat Güler, Sancar Fatıh Ozcan, Burak Önol. Effect of flax rhizobacteria on germination and seedling growth under copper toxicity. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. 2025 Jun. 1;9(2):477-92. doi:10.31015/2025.2.21

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Effect of flax rhizobacteria on germination and seedling growth under copper toxicity

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Effect of flax rhizobacteria on germination and seedling growth under copper toxicity

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