Impact of Excess Irrigation on Nitrogen Balance and Growth Traits in Local Kale Genotypes

Enes Emiroğlu; Merve Erbil; Nergiz Dila Şenol Özdoğan; Hatice Filiz Boyacı

doi:10.31015/2025.3.5

Impact of Excess Irrigation on Nitrogen Balance and Growth Traits in Local Kale Genotypes

Abstract

Kale is a globally consumed vegetable of considerable economic importance. In countries with a long history of cultivation, open-field production is still practiced using traditional methods, often relying on local varieties. Nitrogen fertilization is essential for ensuring proper development. Production failures, caused by mistakes in application and meteorological events, lead to nitrate accumulation in the plant or soil, or to be leaching, causing environmental pollution. This study assessed the growth and nitrogen uptake responses of three local kale genotypes from Rize, Trabzon, and Giresun under varying irrigation levels simulating leaching conditions. Five irrigation treatments, ranging from field capacity to 100% excess water, were applied to induce nitrogen stress. Genotypes were compared using 14 parameters, including shoot and root development and some morphological attributes. Nitrogen analyses in leaves and soils were performed in all treatments of all genotypes. As a result, it was determined that the tested genotypes' growth, development and stress responses were different, and these differences were statistically meaningful. The T1 application contributed to the development of green parts of the plants in all genotypes. However, similar results were not found for the plant's dry weights. Depending on the increasing overwatering quantity, nitrogen levels in both plants and soil decreased. In conclusion, important scientific knowledge and practical applications were provided regarding increasing productivity and sustainable soil management in kale production.

Keywords

Fertilization, Leafy vegetables, Nitrogen loss, Overwatering, Plant development, Yield and quality

Supporting Institution

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) 2209-A National Undergraduate Student Research Projects Support Program.

Project Number

This study was supported by the project, numbered 1919B012311343, within the scope of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) 2209-A National Undergraduate Student Research Projects Support Program.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Vegetable Growing and Treatment

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Enes Emiroğlu
0009-0003-0282-1531
Türkiye

Merve Erbil
0009-0008-7778-1462
Türkiye

Nergiz Dila Şenol Özdoğan
0000-0002-3420-0778
Türkiye

Hatice Filiz Boyacı ^*
0000-0002-3799-4673
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 27, 2025

Submission Date

April 21, 2025

Acceptance Date

August 11, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 9 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.31015/2025.3.5

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA86GP49CY

APA

Emiroğlu, E., Erbil, M., Şenol Özdoğan, N. D., & Boyacı, H. F. (2025). Impact of Excess Irrigation on Nitrogen Balance and Growth Traits in Local Kale Genotypes. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, 9(3), 670-681. https://doi.org/10.31015/2025.3.5

AMA

1.Emiroğlu E, Erbil M, Şenol Özdoğan ND, Boyacı HF. Impact of Excess Irrigation on Nitrogen Balance and Growth Traits in Local Kale Genotypes. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. 2025;9(3):670-681. doi:10.31015/2025.3.5

Chicago

Emiroğlu, Enes, Merve Erbil, Nergiz Dila Şenol Özdoğan, and Hatice Filiz Boyacı. 2025. “Impact of Excess Irrigation on Nitrogen Balance and Growth Traits in Local Kale Genotypes”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 9 (3): 670-81. https://doi.org/10.31015/2025.3.5.

EndNote

Emiroğlu E, Erbil M, Şenol Özdoğan ND, Boyacı HF (September 1, 2025) Impact of Excess Irrigation on Nitrogen Balance and Growth Traits in Local Kale Genotypes. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 9 3 670–681.

IEEE

[1]E. Emiroğlu, M. Erbil, N. D. Şenol Özdoğan, and H. F. Boyacı, “Impact of Excess Irrigation on Nitrogen Balance and Growth Traits in Local Kale Genotypes”, int. j. agric. environ. food sci., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 670–681, Sept. 2025, doi: 10.31015/2025.3.5.

ISNAD

Emiroğlu, Enes - Erbil, Merve - Şenol Özdoğan, Nergiz Dila - Boyacı, Hatice Filiz. “Impact of Excess Irrigation on Nitrogen Balance and Growth Traits in Local Kale Genotypes”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 9/3 (September 1, 2025): 670-681. https://doi.org/10.31015/2025.3.5.

JAMA

1.Emiroğlu E, Erbil M, Şenol Özdoğan ND, Boyacı HF. Impact of Excess Irrigation on Nitrogen Balance and Growth Traits in Local Kale Genotypes. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. 2025;9:670–681.

MLA

Emiroğlu, Enes, et al. “Impact of Excess Irrigation on Nitrogen Balance and Growth Traits in Local Kale Genotypes”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, vol. 9, no. 3, Sept. 2025, pp. 670-81, doi:10.31015/2025.3.5.

Vancouver

1.Enes Emiroğlu, Merve Erbil, Nergiz Dila Şenol Özdoğan, Hatice Filiz Boyacı. Impact of Excess Irrigation on Nitrogen Balance and Growth Traits in Local Kale Genotypes. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. 2025 Sep. 1;9(3):670-81. doi:10.31015/2025.3.5

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Impact of Excess Irrigation on Nitrogen Balance and Growth Traits in Local Kale Genotypes

Impact of Excess Irrigation on Nitrogen Balance and Growth Traits in Local Kale Genotypes

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