Rootstock-Induced Dwarfing and Yield Efficiency in Apricot: Performance of SP-2 (Prunus spinosa) and DO-1,2,3 (Prunus Domestica)

Remzi Uğur; Özkan Altun; Hacı Osman Özatar; Esra Bulunuz Palaz; Ömer Atagül; Fatih Temizyürek; Muhammet Ali Gündeşli; Sevgi Paydaş

doi:10.31015/2025.3.6

EN

Rootstock-Induced Dwarfing and Yield Efficiency in Apricot: Performance of SP-2 (Prunus spinosa) and DO-1,2,3 (Prunus Domestica)

Abstract

Propagation of fruit trees is typically achieved through vegetative methods due to their long juvenile period. Common vegetative propagation techniques include cuttings, grafting, and in vitro micropropagation. Grafting involves the union of two distinct plant parts to form a symbiotic organism. The root system, or rootstock, significantly influences the growth and yield characteristics of the grafted scion cultivar. Therefore, selecting appropriate rootstocks is critical in fruit production. Among stone fruits, wild plums (Prunus spp.) and their hybrids are the most widely used rootstocks, primarily due to their tolerance to extreme soil conditions and ease of vegetative propagation. Kahramanmaraş region, located within the natural distribution range of many stone fruit species, has been the focus of a comprehensive rootstock selection program initiated in 2009. This effort identified approximately 50 promising wild plum genotypes, which were incorporated into breeding studies. Among these, SP-2 (P. spinosa), known for its dwarfing effects, and DO-1, DO-2, and DO-3 (P. domestica), recognized for their high compatibility with apricots, were examined in detail. This study evaluated the effects of these rootstocks on tree growth, yield, and fruit quality parameters in table apricot cultivars. The research, conducted between 2015 and 2021 at the Eastern Mediterranean Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute, revealed that SP-2 exhibited the smallest trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) at 6.55 cm², indicating a pronounced dwarfing effect. Most vigorous development was observed in the Myrobolan 29C (7.34 cm) in the study. Fruit weight ranged from 35.81 g to 40.09 g, with the highest observed in apricots grafted onto DO-1, comparable to Myrobolan 29C. Other fruit quality parameters showed no statistically significant differences between the candidate and control rootstocks. In conclusion, the tested rootstocks exhibited a significant dwarfing effect while maintaining yield and quality parameters consistent with the literature. These findings will inform future rootstock breeding programs.

Keywords

Dwarfing, Fruit quality, Grafting, Prunus spinosa, Rootstock, Yield

Supporting Institution

This study was supported by General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (TAGEM) under project number TAGEM/BBAD/17/A08/P01/08.

Project Number

TAGEM/BBAD/17/A08/P01/08

Thanks

General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (TAGEM)

References

Bahar, A., & Son, L. (2016). Düşük rakımlı ekolojik koşullarda bazı erkenci kayısı (Prunus armeniaca L.) çeşitlerinin adaptasyonu üzerinde araştırmalar. Bahçe Kültürleri Araştırma Enstitüsü Adına Sahibi, 12. (in Turkish)
Bolat I, Ak BE, Acar I, Ikinci A. (2017). Plum culture in Turkey. Acta Horticultureae 1715: 15-18. https://doi.org/10.17660/Acta Hortic.2017.1175.4
Chin SW, Shaw J, Haberle R, Wen J, Potter D. (2014) Diversification of almonds, peaches, plums and cherries molecular systematics and biogeographic history of Prunus (Rosaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 76:34–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.024
Darikova, JA., Savva, YV., Eugene, A., Vaganov, EA., Grachev, AM.,Kuznetsova, GV. (2011). Grafts of woody plants and the problem of incompatibility between scion and rootstock (a review). J Siber Fed Univer Biol 4:54–63. https://doi.org/630.228.7:582.475.4 (571.51
Dimitrova, M., & Marinov, P. (2001). Myrobalan (P. cerasifera Ehrh.) as a rootstock for apricot. In VII International Symposium on Plum and Prune Genetics, Breeding and Pomology 577 (pp. 315-318).
Ercisli S. (2009). Apricot culture in Turkey. Scientific Research and Essays. 4(8): 715-719.
FAO. (2025) Food Agriculture Organization. Accessed 26.03.2025
Gudarowska E., Licznar-Malanczuk M. (2006). The quality of root system of dwarf rootstock ‘Pumiselect®’ for peach trees. Latvian J. Agron. 9, 24–27. https://doi.org/10.36846/CJAFS.2021.38
Gurkan, B., Ugur, R., Gurkan, T. (2017). Reactions of Meloidogyne incognita ırk 1 and Meloidogyne javanica ırk 1 against some plum rootstock. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, 5:64-70.
Gündoğdu, M. (2019). Effect of rootstocks on phytochemical properties of apricot fruit. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Turk Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 43: 1-10. https://doi:10.3906/tar-1803-99

Hernandez, F., Pinochet, J., Moreno, M.A., Martinez, J.J., Legua, P. (2010).Performance of Prunus rootstocks for apricot in Mediterranean conditions, Scientia Horticulturae,124:354-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2010.01.020
Igwe, E.O., Charlton, K.E. (2016). A systematic review on the health effects of plums (Prunus domestica and Prunus salicina). Phototherapy Research. 30 (5):701–731. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5581
Jiménez, S., Gogorcena, Y., & Betrán, J. A. (2021). Rootstock breeding and rootstock–scion interactions in Prunus species. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 637105. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.637105
Kumar D., Ahmed N., Verma M.K., Dar TA. (2013). Growth, yield, quality and leaf nutrient status as influenced by planting densities and varieties of apricot. Indian Journal Horticulture. 70:195–199.
Malanczuk LM, Sosna I. (2013). Growth and yielding of the several apricot cultivars on the ‘Somo’ seedling and vegetatif rootstock Pumiselect®. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 12 (5): 85-95.
Milosevic T, Milosevic K, Glisic I. (2014). Apricot vegetative growth, tree mortality, productivity, fruit quality and leaf nutrient composition as affected by Myrobalan rootstock and Blackthorn inter-stem, Erwerbs-Obstbau 57:77-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-014-0229-z
Milosevic, T., Milosevic, N. (2011). Seasonal changes in micronutrients concentrations in leaves of apricot trees influenced by different interstocks. Agrochimica, 12: 1-14.
Ozdogru B, Şen F, Bilgin N, Mısırlı A. (2015). Determination of physical and biochemical changes of some table apricot cultivars during the storage process. Journal of Ege University Faculty of Agriculture52: 23-30.
Pınar, H., Bircan, M., Yılmaz, C., Yıldız, A., Paydaş Kargi, S., Kaşka, N., Yıldız, A., Son, L. (2010). The performance of some apricot cultivars in the Mersin ecological conditions. XIV International Symposium on Apricot Breeding and Culture. Acta Horticulturae 862, 109-112. Doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.862.16
Son L. (2018). Bazı Sofralık Kayısı Çeşitlerinin Silifke/Mersin Ekolojik Koşullarındaki Verim ve Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Araştırmalar. Cukurova Journal of Agriculture. Food Science. 33(2): 17-22
Son L., Bahar A. (2018). Investigations on yield and quality characteristics of some early table apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars in Manavgat (Antalya) ecological conditions. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences. 31 (1): 1-4. https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.363618
Son L. (2010). Determination on quality characteristics of some important Japanese plum (Prunus Salicina Lindl.) cultivars grown in Mersin-Turkey. African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 5(10): 1144-1146. DOI: 10.5897/AJAR09.556
Sosna, I., Malanczuk, L.M. (2012). Growth, yielding and survivability of several apricot cultivars on Myrobolan and ‘Wangenhaime prune’ seedlings, Acta Science Polonorum Hortorum, 11(1):27-37.
Sumbul, A., Yildiz, E., Yaman, M., Dirim, E., Ateş, U., Say, A., Necas, T. (2024). Morphological, biochemical, and molecular evaluation of genetic diversity in different plum genotypes (Prunus domestica L.). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 71(5), 1973-1988. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-023-01749-8
Tekintaş E F, Kankaya A, Ertan E. (2006). M9 Anacı Üzerine Aşılı Bazı Elma Çeşitlerinin Aydın İli Koşullarındaki Performanslarının Belirlenmesi Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. (2): 27-30.
Topp, B. L., Russell, D. M., Neumïller, M., Dalbó, M. A., Liu, W. (2012). Plum. In: Badenes, M.L., Byrne, D.H. (Eds.), Fruit Breeding, Handbook of Plant Breeding, Vol. 8. Springer Science Business Media, pp: 571–621.
Ugur R, Gundesli M.A. (2020). Investigation of propagation with hardwood cutting in differenet Prunus species. International Journal of Agriculture,Forestry and Life Sciences 4 (2):184-189.
Ugur, R., Gundesli, M.A., Palaz, E.B. (2021). PCPM (Prunus cerasifera X Prunus microcarpa) hybrid rootstock candidate: Identification and production possibilities with hardwood cutting. J. Agric. Environ. Food Sci., 5(3), 360-364 https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2021.3.14
Yaman M., Uzun A. (2021). Farklı Tozlayıcıların Precoce de Tyrinthe Kayısı Çeşidinin Bazı Meyve Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi. Cukurova Journal of Agriculture. Food Science 36(1): 93-100
Zengin, R., Uğur, Y., Levent, Y., Erdoğan, S., Hatterman-Valenti, H., Kaya, O. (2025). Sun-Drying and Melatonin Treatment Effects on Apricot Color, Phytochemical, and Antioxidant Properties. Applied Sciences, 15(2), 508. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15020508

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pomology and Treatment, Horticultural Production (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Remzi Uğur ^*
0000-0001-6717-1689
Türkiye

Özkan Altun
0000-0001-6041-9581
Türkiye

Hacı Osman Özatar
0000-0001-6705-9523
Türkiye

Esra Bulunuz Palaz
0000-0001-7795-496X
Türkiye

Ömer Atagül
0000-0002-1303-0116
Türkiye

Fatih Temizyürek
0000-0003-2315-0493
Türkiye

Muhammet Ali Gündeşli
0000-0002-7145-1875
Türkiye

Sevgi Paydaş
0000-0001-5781-8581
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 27, 2025

Submission Date

April 24, 2025

Acceptance Date

August 5, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 9 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.31015/2025.3.6

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA52ZU58GT

APA

Uğur, R., Altun, Ö., Özatar, H. O., Bulunuz Palaz, E., Atagül, Ö., Temizyürek, F., Gündeşli, M. A., & Paydaş, S. (2025). Rootstock-Induced Dwarfing and Yield Efficiency in Apricot: Performance of SP-2 (Prunus spinosa) and DO-1,2,3 (Prunus Domestica). International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, 9(3), 682-689. https://doi.org/10.31015/2025.3.6

AMA

1.Uğur R, Altun Ö, Özatar HO, et al. Rootstock-Induced Dwarfing and Yield Efficiency in Apricot: Performance of SP-2 (Prunus spinosa) and DO-1,2,3 (Prunus Domestica). int. j. agric. environ. food sci. 2025;9(3):682-689. doi:10.31015/2025.3.6

Chicago

Uğur, Remzi, Özkan Altun, Hacı Osman Özatar, et al. 2025. “Rootstock-Induced Dwarfing and Yield Efficiency in Apricot: Performance of SP-2 (Prunus Spinosa) and DO-1,2,3 (Prunus Domestica)”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 9 (3): 682-89. https://doi.org/10.31015/2025.3.6.

EndNote

Uğur R, Altun Ö, Özatar HO, Bulunuz Palaz E, Atagül Ö, Temizyürek F, Gündeşli MA, Paydaş S (September 1, 2025) Rootstock-Induced Dwarfing and Yield Efficiency in Apricot: Performance of SP-2 (Prunus spinosa) and DO-1,2,3 (Prunus Domestica). International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 9 3 682–689.

IEEE

[1]R. Uğur et al., “Rootstock-Induced Dwarfing and Yield Efficiency in Apricot: Performance of SP-2 (Prunus spinosa) and DO-1,2,3 (Prunus Domestica)”, int. j. agric. environ. food sci., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 682–689, Sept. 2025, doi: 10.31015/2025.3.6.

ISNAD

Uğur, Remzi - Altun, Özkan - Özatar, Hacı Osman - Bulunuz Palaz, Esra - Atagül, Ömer - Temizyürek, Fatih - Gündeşli, Muhammet Ali - Paydaş, Sevgi. “Rootstock-Induced Dwarfing and Yield Efficiency in Apricot: Performance of SP-2 (Prunus Spinosa) and DO-1,2,3 (Prunus Domestica)”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 9/3 (September 1, 2025): 682-689. https://doi.org/10.31015/2025.3.6.

JAMA

1.Uğur R, Altun Ö, Özatar HO, Bulunuz Palaz E, Atagül Ö, Temizyürek F, Gündeşli MA, Paydaş S. Rootstock-Induced Dwarfing and Yield Efficiency in Apricot: Performance of SP-2 (Prunus spinosa) and DO-1,2,3 (Prunus Domestica). int. j. agric. environ. food sci. 2025;9:682–689.

MLA

Uğur, Remzi, et al. “Rootstock-Induced Dwarfing and Yield Efficiency in Apricot: Performance of SP-2 (Prunus Spinosa) and DO-1,2,3 (Prunus Domestica)”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, vol. 9, no. 3, Sept. 2025, pp. 682-9, doi:10.31015/2025.3.6.

Vancouver

1.Remzi Uğur, Özkan Altun, Hacı Osman Özatar, Esra Bulunuz Palaz, Ömer Atagül, Fatih Temizyürek, Muhammet Ali Gündeşli, Sevgi Paydaş. Rootstock-Induced Dwarfing and Yield Efficiency in Apricot: Performance of SP-2 (Prunus spinosa) and DO-1,2,3 (Prunus Domestica). int. j. agric. environ. food sci. 2025 Sep. 1;9(3):682-9. doi:10.31015/2025.3.6

Abstracting & Indexing Services

Google Scholar | Crossref DOI Registry

All content published in this journal is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
Authors retain copyright of their work and grant the journal a non-exclusive right to publish, reproduce, and distribute the articles within an open-access framework.

Web: dergipark.org.tr/jaefs E-mail: editorialoffice@jaefs.com Phone / WhatsApp: +90 850 309 59 27

Rootstock-Induced Dwarfing and Yield Efficiency in Apricot: Performance of SP-2 (Prunus spinosa) and DO-1,2,3 (Prunus Domestica)

Rootstock-Induced Dwarfing and Yield Efficiency in Apricot: Performance of SP-2 (Prunus spinosa) and DO-1,2,3 (Prunus Domestica)

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Supporting Institution

Project Number

Thanks

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

Cite

Abstracting & Indexing Services

© International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences