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The Scope and Types of Environmental Human Rights

Year 2017, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 38 - 48, 20.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.17008

Abstract

Environmental human rights (EHRs) have received greater worldwide attention over the years since first recognized by the 1972 Stockholm Declaration. Approximately 100 countries currently recognize and guarantee EHRs within their national constitutions. EHRs have been also used by such diverse groups as academics, social activists, international organizations, political parties, NGOs, etc. EHRs, however, are still a long way from being clear as a concept, or may at best be considered vague. This may be because different scholars have defined EHRs in different ways. In order to broaden and deepen our understanding of EHRs, this conceptual paper will attempt to explain the scope and types of EHRs through a critical analysis of the related literature by addressing the following research questions: (1) What is the scope of environmental human rights? and (2) What types of environmental human rights are there? It concludes with four main types of EHRs, including the right to environment, civil and political rights, and the constitutional and procedural rights that are the rights of individuals to preserve the environment in which they live. 

References

  • Kotzé, L. J. (2014). Human rights and the environment in the Anthropocene. The Anthropocene Review, 1(3), 252-275.
  • Nagaraja, V. (2015). Human Rights and Environment. Asia Pacific Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research, 4(1), 162-173.
  • Anton, D. K., & Shelton, D. L. (2011). Environmental protection and human rights. Cambridge University Press.
  • Gellers, J. (2012). Greening constitutions with environmental rights: Testing the isomorphism thesis. Review of policy research, 29(4), 523-543.
  • Boyle, A. E., & Anderson, M. R. (1996). Human rights approaches to environmental protection. Clarendon Press.
  • Hancock, Jan (2003). Environmental human rights: Power, ethics, and law. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
  • Jeffords, C. (2013). Constitutional environmental human rights: A descriptive analysis of 142 national constitutions. The State of Economic and Social Human Rights: A Global Overview.
  • Bosek, J. K. (2014). Implementing environmental rights in Kenya's new constitutional order: Prospects and potential challenges. African Human Rights Law Journal, 14(2), 489-508.
  • Hargrove, E. C. (1992). Weak anthropocentric intrinsic value. The Monist, 75(2), 183-207.
  • Miller, C. (2012). Environmental rights: Critical perspectives. Routledge.
  • Hiskes, R. P. (2005). The right to a green future: Human rights, environmentalism, and intergenerational justice. Human Rights Quarterly, 27(4), 1346-1364.
  • Cullet, P. (1995). Definition of an environmental right in a human rights context. Neth. Q. Hum. Rts., 13, 25.
  • Pathak, P. (2014). Human Rights Approach to Environmental Protection. OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 7(01), 17-24.
  • Colon-Rios, J. (2015). Comment: The rights of nature and the new Latin American constitutionalism. New Zealand Journal of Public and International Law, 13(1), 107.
  • Kudeikina, I. (2014). The understanding of co-owners' rights in the context of the genesis of environmental rights. In SHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 10, p. 00019). EDP Sciences.
  • Singer, P. (1979). Not for humans only: the place of nonhumans in environmental issues. Ethics and Problems of the 21st Century, 191-206.
  • Gaard, G. (1993). Living interconnections with animals and nature. Ecofeminism: Women, animals, nature, 1-12.
  • Lercher, A. (2007). Are there any Environmental Rights?. Environmental Values, 16(3), 355-368.
  • Francioni, F. (2010). International human rights in an environmental horizon. European Journal of International Law, 21(1), 41-55.
  • Jones, P. (1999). Human rights, group rights, and peoples' rights. Human Rights Quarterly, 21(1), 80-107.
  • Boyle, A. (2006). Human Rights or Environmental Rights-A Reassessment. Fordham Envtl. L. Rev., 18, 471.
  • Feris, L. (2008). Constitutional environmental rights: an under-utilised resource. S. Afr. J. on Hum. Rts., 24, 29.
  • Pedersen, O. W. (2008). European Environmental Human Rights and Environmental Rights: A Long Time Coming?. Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, 21(1).
  • Ellis, G. (2006). Do Environmental Rights Have A Role In The British Planning System? (Doctoral Dissertation, The Univ. Of Wales College Of Cardiff (United Kingdom).
  • Woods, K. (2006). What does the language of human rights bring to campaigns for environmental justice?. Environmental Politics, 15(4), 572-591.
  • Hayward, T. (2005). Constitutional environmental rights. Oxford University Press.
  • Mann, H. (1992). The Rio Declaration. In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law) (pp. 405-414). The American Society of International Law.
  • Thorme, M. (1990). Establishing environment as a human right. Denv. J. Int'l L. & Pol'y, 19, 301.
  • Pevato, P. M. (1998). International law and the right to environment: encouraging environmental cooperation via the international protection of human rights (Doctoral dissertation, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London).
  • Madebwe, T. (2015). A rights-based approach to environmental protection: The Zimbabwean experience. African Human Rights Law Journal, 15(1), 110-128.
  • Eacott, E. (2001). Clean and Healthy Environment: The Barriers and Limitations of This Emerging Human Right, A. Dalhousie J. Legal Stud., 10, 74.
  • Ziemer, L. S. (2001). Application in Tibet of the Principles on Human Rights and the Environment. Harv. Hum. Rts. J., 14, 233.
  • Shelton, D. (2008). Environmental rights and Brazil's obligations in the Inter-American human rights system. Geo. Wash. Int'l L. Rev., 40, 733.
  • World Health Organization.(2017). Second-hand smoke. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/en/
  • Keles, R., Hamamcı, C., & Çoban, A. (2012). Çevre Politikası. Ankara: İmge Publishing House.
  • Handl, G. (1992). Human rights and protection of the environment: a mildly revisionist view. Human rights approaches to environmental protection. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 117-142.
  • Stocking, G. W. (1966). Franz Boas and the culture concept in historical perspective. American Anthropologist, 68(4), 867-882.
  • Donnelly, J. (1984). Cultural relativism and universal human rights. Human Rights Quarterly, 6(4), 400-419.
  • Renteln, A. D. (2013). International human rights: universalism versus relativism. Quid Pro Books.
  • Zechenter, E. M. (1997). In the name of culture: Cultural relativism and the abuse of the individual. Journal of Anthropological Research, 319-347.
  • Perusek, D. (2007). Grounding cultural relativism. Anthropological Quarterly, 80(3), 821-836.
  • Ng, T. (2011). Environmental Rights: Progressive Development or Obfuscation of International Human Rights Law. Original Law Review 7(3), 72-104.
  • Ebeku, K. S. (2007). Constitutional right to a healthy environment and human rights approaches to environmental protection in Nigeria: Gbemre v. Shell revisited. Review of European Community & International Environmental Law, 16(3), 312-320.
  • Olawuyi, D. S. (2014). Recognizing the Intersections between Human Rights and the Environment in Legal Education and Training. Asian Journal of Legal Education, 1(2), 103-113.
  • Alfredsson, G., & Ovsiouk, A. (1991). Human Rights and the Environment. Nordic J. Int'l L., 60, 19.
  • Nickel, J. W. (1993). Human Right to a Safe Environment: Philosophical Perspectives on Its Scope and Justification, The. Yale J. Int'l L., 18, 281.
  • Pathak, R. S. (1992). The human rights system as a conceptual framework for environmental law. United Nations University.
  • Faiz, P. M. (2016). The Protection of Civil and Political Rights by the Constitutional Court of Indonesia. Browser Download This Paper.
  • Byrne, I. (2004). The Importance of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Guaranteeing Civil and Political Rights within the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership. Mediterranean Politics, 9(3), 344-367.
  • Keith, L. C. (1999). The United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: Does it make a difference in human rights behavior?. Journal of Peace Research, 36(1), 95-118.
Year 2017, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 38 - 48, 20.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.17008

Abstract

References

  • Kotzé, L. J. (2014). Human rights and the environment in the Anthropocene. The Anthropocene Review, 1(3), 252-275.
  • Nagaraja, V. (2015). Human Rights and Environment. Asia Pacific Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research, 4(1), 162-173.
  • Anton, D. K., & Shelton, D. L. (2011). Environmental protection and human rights. Cambridge University Press.
  • Gellers, J. (2012). Greening constitutions with environmental rights: Testing the isomorphism thesis. Review of policy research, 29(4), 523-543.
  • Boyle, A. E., & Anderson, M. R. (1996). Human rights approaches to environmental protection. Clarendon Press.
  • Hancock, Jan (2003). Environmental human rights: Power, ethics, and law. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
  • Jeffords, C. (2013). Constitutional environmental human rights: A descriptive analysis of 142 national constitutions. The State of Economic and Social Human Rights: A Global Overview.
  • Bosek, J. K. (2014). Implementing environmental rights in Kenya's new constitutional order: Prospects and potential challenges. African Human Rights Law Journal, 14(2), 489-508.
  • Hargrove, E. C. (1992). Weak anthropocentric intrinsic value. The Monist, 75(2), 183-207.
  • Miller, C. (2012). Environmental rights: Critical perspectives. Routledge.
  • Hiskes, R. P. (2005). The right to a green future: Human rights, environmentalism, and intergenerational justice. Human Rights Quarterly, 27(4), 1346-1364.
  • Cullet, P. (1995). Definition of an environmental right in a human rights context. Neth. Q. Hum. Rts., 13, 25.
  • Pathak, P. (2014). Human Rights Approach to Environmental Protection. OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 7(01), 17-24.
  • Colon-Rios, J. (2015). Comment: The rights of nature and the new Latin American constitutionalism. New Zealand Journal of Public and International Law, 13(1), 107.
  • Kudeikina, I. (2014). The understanding of co-owners' rights in the context of the genesis of environmental rights. In SHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 10, p. 00019). EDP Sciences.
  • Singer, P. (1979). Not for humans only: the place of nonhumans in environmental issues. Ethics and Problems of the 21st Century, 191-206.
  • Gaard, G. (1993). Living interconnections with animals and nature. Ecofeminism: Women, animals, nature, 1-12.
  • Lercher, A. (2007). Are there any Environmental Rights?. Environmental Values, 16(3), 355-368.
  • Francioni, F. (2010). International human rights in an environmental horizon. European Journal of International Law, 21(1), 41-55.
  • Jones, P. (1999). Human rights, group rights, and peoples' rights. Human Rights Quarterly, 21(1), 80-107.
  • Boyle, A. (2006). Human Rights or Environmental Rights-A Reassessment. Fordham Envtl. L. Rev., 18, 471.
  • Feris, L. (2008). Constitutional environmental rights: an under-utilised resource. S. Afr. J. on Hum. Rts., 24, 29.
  • Pedersen, O. W. (2008). European Environmental Human Rights and Environmental Rights: A Long Time Coming?. Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, 21(1).
  • Ellis, G. (2006). Do Environmental Rights Have A Role In The British Planning System? (Doctoral Dissertation, The Univ. Of Wales College Of Cardiff (United Kingdom).
  • Woods, K. (2006). What does the language of human rights bring to campaigns for environmental justice?. Environmental Politics, 15(4), 572-591.
  • Hayward, T. (2005). Constitutional environmental rights. Oxford University Press.
  • Mann, H. (1992). The Rio Declaration. In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law) (pp. 405-414). The American Society of International Law.
  • Thorme, M. (1990). Establishing environment as a human right. Denv. J. Int'l L. & Pol'y, 19, 301.
  • Pevato, P. M. (1998). International law and the right to environment: encouraging environmental cooperation via the international protection of human rights (Doctoral dissertation, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London).
  • Madebwe, T. (2015). A rights-based approach to environmental protection: The Zimbabwean experience. African Human Rights Law Journal, 15(1), 110-128.
  • Eacott, E. (2001). Clean and Healthy Environment: The Barriers and Limitations of This Emerging Human Right, A. Dalhousie J. Legal Stud., 10, 74.
  • Ziemer, L. S. (2001). Application in Tibet of the Principles on Human Rights and the Environment. Harv. Hum. Rts. J., 14, 233.
  • Shelton, D. (2008). Environmental rights and Brazil's obligations in the Inter-American human rights system. Geo. Wash. Int'l L. Rev., 40, 733.
  • World Health Organization.(2017). Second-hand smoke. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/en/
  • Keles, R., Hamamcı, C., & Çoban, A. (2012). Çevre Politikası. Ankara: İmge Publishing House.
  • Handl, G. (1992). Human rights and protection of the environment: a mildly revisionist view. Human rights approaches to environmental protection. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 117-142.
  • Stocking, G. W. (1966). Franz Boas and the culture concept in historical perspective. American Anthropologist, 68(4), 867-882.
  • Donnelly, J. (1984). Cultural relativism and universal human rights. Human Rights Quarterly, 6(4), 400-419.
  • Renteln, A. D. (2013). International human rights: universalism versus relativism. Quid Pro Books.
  • Zechenter, E. M. (1997). In the name of culture: Cultural relativism and the abuse of the individual. Journal of Anthropological Research, 319-347.
  • Perusek, D. (2007). Grounding cultural relativism. Anthropological Quarterly, 80(3), 821-836.
  • Ng, T. (2011). Environmental Rights: Progressive Development or Obfuscation of International Human Rights Law. Original Law Review 7(3), 72-104.
  • Ebeku, K. S. (2007). Constitutional right to a healthy environment and human rights approaches to environmental protection in Nigeria: Gbemre v. Shell revisited. Review of European Community & International Environmental Law, 16(3), 312-320.
  • Olawuyi, D. S. (2014). Recognizing the Intersections between Human Rights and the Environment in Legal Education and Training. Asian Journal of Legal Education, 1(2), 103-113.
  • Alfredsson, G., & Ovsiouk, A. (1991). Human Rights and the Environment. Nordic J. Int'l L., 60, 19.
  • Nickel, J. W. (1993). Human Right to a Safe Environment: Philosophical Perspectives on Its Scope and Justification, The. Yale J. Int'l L., 18, 281.
  • Pathak, R. S. (1992). The human rights system as a conceptual framework for environmental law. United Nations University.
  • Faiz, P. M. (2016). The Protection of Civil and Political Rights by the Constitutional Court of Indonesia. Browser Download This Paper.
  • Byrne, I. (2004). The Importance of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Guaranteeing Civil and Political Rights within the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership. Mediterranean Politics, 9(3), 344-367.
  • Keith, L. C. (1999). The United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: Does it make a difference in human rights behavior?. Journal of Peace Research, 36(1), 95-118.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Environmental Sciences
Other ID JAEFS201708
Journal Section Review
Authors

Emrah Akyüz 0000-0002-9876-111X

Publication Date December 20, 2017
Submission Date November 8, 2017
Acceptance Date December 6, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Akyüz, E. (2017). The Scope and Types of Environmental Human Rights. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, 1(1), 38-48. https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.17008


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