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Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Matematiğe Yönelik Tutumları ile Özdüzenleme Becerileri Arasındaki İlişki

Year 2026, Issue: 29, 43 - 57, 27.02.2026
https://doi.org/10.30786/jef.1603474
https://izlik.org/JA47LC39SM

Abstract

Bu çalışma, ortaokul öğrencilerinin matematiğe yönelik tutumlarına ilişkin algıları ile özdüzenleme becerilerine ilişkin algıları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, nicel bir araştırma yöntemi olan ilişkisel tarama modeli çerçevesinde tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini, Denizli il merkezindeki ortaokul öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma, basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen 464 öğrencinin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, "Matematiğe Yönelik Tutum Envanteri" ve "Özdüzenleme Ölçeği" kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler, betimsel istatistik ve korelasyon analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, ortaokul öğrencilerinin matematiğe yönelik tutumlarına ve tutumun bir boyutu olan özgüvenlerine ilişkin algılarının yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, öğrencilerin matematiğe yönelik tutumlarına ilişkin algıları ile özdüzenleme, hedef belirleme ve planlama algıları arasında düşük düzeyde pozitif bir korelasyon olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Son olarak, öğrencilerin özdüzenleme algıları ile matematikte keyif alma ve motivasyon algıları arasında düşük düzeyde pozitif bir korelasyon bulunmuştur.

References

  • Akgül, A.& Aldan-Karademir, Ç. (2023). The investigation of secondary school students’ self-regulation skills, social studies learning approaches, academic partıcipation of parents and teachers. International Journal of Turkish Literature Culture Education, 12(2), 786-815.
  • Aldan-Karademir, Ç.& Görgün, S. (2019). Investigation of secondary school students’ reflective thinking skills for problem solving and self-regulation skills. International Journal of Eurasian Research, 7(12), 292-313.
  • Altun, M (1995). A Study on the problem-solving behaviours of the elemamtary school students in the 3rd. 4th. and 5th. grades. Doctoral thesis, Hacettepe University, Ankara.
  • Arsal, Z. (2010). The impact of self-regulation instruction on mathematics achievements and attitudes of elementary school students. International Journal of Environmental & Science Education, 5(1), 85–103.
  • Artino, A.R., &Stephens, J.M. (2006). Learning online: Motivated to self-regulate? Academic exchange quarterly, 10, 176-182.
  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Baysal, A.C. (1994). Attitudes in social and organizational psychology. Istanbul University Faculty of Business Publications.
  • Bloom, B.S. (1976). Human characteristics and school learning. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Blum, R. (1998). Young people with disabilities. In Y. Wang and L. Köhler (Eds), Protection and promotion of children’s health (pp. 211–219). Göteborg: Nordic School of Public Health.
  • Boekaerts, M. (1996). Self-regulated learning at the junction of cognition and motivation. European Psychologist, 1(2), 100–112.
  • Darren, G.& Mallery P. (2016). IBM SPSS Statistics 23 step by step a simple guide and reference (14th edition). New York: Routledge.
  • Deniz, L. & Cıtdır, N. (2020). Investigation of middle school students' attitudes towards mathematics. Anadolu University Journal of Education Faculty, 4(3), 294-322.
  • Doruk, M., Öztürk, M., & Kaplan, A. (2016). Investigation of the Self-efficacy perceptions of middle school students towards mathematics: Anxiety and attitude factors. Adıyaman University Journal of Educational Sciences, 6(2), 283-302.
  • Eccles, J. (1983). Expectancies, values and academic behaviors. In J.T. Spence (Ed.), Achievement and achievement motives: Psychological and sociological approaches (pp.75-146). San Francisco.
  • Efklides, A., & Misailidi, P. (Eds.). (2010). Trends and prospects in metacognition research. Springer Science, Business Media.
  • Eker, A. (2012). Educational effect of the diaries on the self-regulation strategies. Master thesis, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Türkiye.
  • Ergin, G. (2022). Examination of the relationship between secondary school students' mathematics self-efficiency, concerns, attitudes and perceived self-regulations. Master thesis, Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversity, Türkiye.
  • Fishbein, M. & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading. MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Flavell, J.H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34(10), 906–911.
  • Gray, J.A. (1991). Neural systems, emotion, and personality. In J. Madden (Eds.), Neurobiology of learning, emotion, and affect. New York: Raven Press.
  • Hacıömeroğlu, G. (2017). Reliability and validity study of the attitude towards mathematics ınstruments short form. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 5(9), 84-99.
  • Hardoon, D.R., Szedmak, S., & Shawe-Taylor, J. (2004). Canonical correlation analysis: An overview with application to learning methods. Neural computation, 16(12), 2639-2664.
  • Hudesman, J., Millet N, Niezgoda G, & Han S. (2013). The use of self-regulated learning, formative assessment, and mastery learning to assist students in developmental mathematics: A demonstration project. The International Journal of Research and Review, 10, 1-17.
  • Karagöz, Y. (2016). SPSS and AMOS 23 applied statistical analysis. Ankara: Nobel Publications.
  • Lim, S. Y., & Chapman, E. (2013). Development of a short form of the attitudes toward mathematics inventory. Educational Studies in Mathematics: An International Journal, 82, 145-164.
  • Ma, X., & Kishor, N. (1997). Assessing the relationship between attitude toward mathematics and achievement in mathematics: A meta-analysis. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 28, 26-47.
  • Montague, M. (2007). Self-regulation and mathematics instruction. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 22(1), 75-83.
  • Muzzatti, B., & Agnoli, F. (2007). Gender and mathematics: Attitudes and stereotype threat susceptibility in Italian children. Developmental Psychology, 43(3), 747–759.
  • Neale, D. C. (1969). The role of attitudes in learning mathematics. The Arithmetic Teacher, 16(8), 631–640.
  • Ocak, G.& Yamaç, A. (2013). Examination of the relationships between fifth graders’ self-regulated learning strategies, motivational beliefs, attitudes, and achievement. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 13(1), 369-387.
  • Perels, F., Gürtler, T., & Schmitz, B. (2021). Training of self-regulatory and problem-solving competence. Learning and Instruction, 15(2), 123-139.
  • Pintrich, P. R. (2000). The role of goal orientation in self-regulated learning. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation. Academic Press.
  • Pintrich, P. R., Roeser, R. W., & De Groot, E. A. M. (1994). Classroom and individual differences in early adolescents' motivation and self-regulated learning. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 14(2), 139–161.
  • Pintrich, P., Smith, D., García, T., & McKeachie, W. (1991). A manual for the use of the motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan.
  • Sakız, G., & Yetkin-Özdemir, İ. E. (2014). Self-regulation and self-regulated learning: Theoretical perspective. G. Sakız (Eds.), Self-regulation. Ankara: Nobel Publication.
  • Schraw, G., Crippen, K.J., & Hartley, K. (2006). Promoting Self-regulation in science education: Metacognition as part of a broader perspective on learning. Research in Science Education, 36, 111-139.
  • Schunk, D.H. (1996). Goal and self-evaluative influences during children's cognitive skill learning. American Educational Research Journal, 33, 359-382.
  • Schunk, D.H., & Pajares, F. (2002). The development of academic self-efficacy. In A. Wigfield & J. S. Eccles (Eds.), Development of achievement motivation (pp.15-31). Academic Press.
  • Schunk, D. H., & Zimmerman, B.J.(Eds.). (1994). Self-regulation of learning and performance: Issues and educational applications. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Sengül, S.& Erdoğan, F. (2013). Examination of the elementary school students` algebraic problem-solving achievement with regard to metacognitive knowledge. Education Sciences, 8(4), 411-427.
  • Sevgi, S.& Kırlar, H.R. (2021). Investigation of middle school students' attitudes towards mathematics and self-efficacy perception levels. Ondokuz Mayıs University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 40(1), 387-402.
  • Shaw, M.E.& Wright, J.M. (1967). Scales for the measurement of attitudes. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Tabachnick, B. G.& Fidell, L.S. (2007). Multivariate analysis of variance and covariance. Using multivariate statistics, 3, 402-407.
  • Tan, L.M.& Laswad, F. (2006). Students' beliefs, attitudes and intentions to major in accounting. Accounting Education: An international journal, 15(2), 167-187.
  • Tanner, H., & Jones, S. (2003). Self efficacy in mathematics and students’ use of self regulated learning strategies during assessment events.
  • Tobias, S. (1991). Math mental health: Going beyond math anxiety. College Teaching, 39(3), 91-93.
  • Winne, P.H., & Hadwin, A.F. (1998). Studying as self-regulated learning. In D.J. Hacker, J. Dunlosky, & A. C. Graesser (Eds.), Metacognition in educational theory and practice. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Yamaç, A. (2011). Examination of the relationships between primary fifth graders' self-regulated learning strategies and attitudes toward mathematics and mathematics achievements. Master thesis, Afyon Kocatepe University, Türkiye.
  • Yıldızlı, H.& Saban, A. (2015). Self regulated learning: A theoretical perspective. The Journal of International Education Science 4, 97-118.
  • Yılmaz, R.Ş. (2020). Investigation of the relationship between academic achievement of social studies subject and the self-regulation skills that elementary school 4th grade students have. Master thesis, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Türkiye.
  • Zeidner, M., Boekaerts, M., & Pintrich, P.R. (2000). Self-regulation: Directions and challenges for future research. In M. Boekaerts, P.R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation. Academic Press.
  • Zimmerman, B.J. (1990). Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: An overview. Educational Psychologist, 25(1), 3-17.
  • Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attaining self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P.R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation. Academic Press.
  • Zimmerman, B.J., Bonner, S., & Kovach, R. (1996). Developing self-regulated learners: Beyond achievement to self-efficacy. American Psychological Association.

The Relationship between Middle School Students’ Attitudes towards Mathematics and Their Self-Regulation Skills

Year 2026, Issue: 29, 43 - 57, 27.02.2026
https://doi.org/10.30786/jef.1603474
https://izlik.org/JA47LC39SM

Abstract

The present study set out to explore the relationship between middle school students' perceptions of their attitudes towards maths and their perceptions of their self-regulation skills. The study was designed around a correlational survey model, a quantitative research method. The study population consisted of middle school students in the central districts of Denizli. The study was conducted with the participation of 464 students identified by a simple random sampling technique. The data collection tools were the "Attitude towards Mathematics Inventory" and the "Self-Regulation Scale". Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were employed to analyze the data acquired in the study. The results of the study show that the middle school students' perceptions regarding their attitude towards mathematics and self-confidence, which is a dimension of the attitude, were found to be high. In addition, there was also a low-level positive correlation between the students' perceptions of their attitudes towards mathematics and their perceptions of self-regulation, goal setting and planning. Finally, there was a low-level positive correlation between the students' perceptions of their self-regulation and their perceptions of their enjoyment and motivation in mathematics.

References

  • Akgül, A.& Aldan-Karademir, Ç. (2023). The investigation of secondary school students’ self-regulation skills, social studies learning approaches, academic partıcipation of parents and teachers. International Journal of Turkish Literature Culture Education, 12(2), 786-815.
  • Aldan-Karademir, Ç.& Görgün, S. (2019). Investigation of secondary school students’ reflective thinking skills for problem solving and self-regulation skills. International Journal of Eurasian Research, 7(12), 292-313.
  • Altun, M (1995). A Study on the problem-solving behaviours of the elemamtary school students in the 3rd. 4th. and 5th. grades. Doctoral thesis, Hacettepe University, Ankara.
  • Arsal, Z. (2010). The impact of self-regulation instruction on mathematics achievements and attitudes of elementary school students. International Journal of Environmental & Science Education, 5(1), 85–103.
  • Artino, A.R., &Stephens, J.M. (2006). Learning online: Motivated to self-regulate? Academic exchange quarterly, 10, 176-182.
  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Baysal, A.C. (1994). Attitudes in social and organizational psychology. Istanbul University Faculty of Business Publications.
  • Bloom, B.S. (1976). Human characteristics and school learning. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Blum, R. (1998). Young people with disabilities. In Y. Wang and L. Köhler (Eds), Protection and promotion of children’s health (pp. 211–219). Göteborg: Nordic School of Public Health.
  • Boekaerts, M. (1996). Self-regulated learning at the junction of cognition and motivation. European Psychologist, 1(2), 100–112.
  • Darren, G.& Mallery P. (2016). IBM SPSS Statistics 23 step by step a simple guide and reference (14th edition). New York: Routledge.
  • Deniz, L. & Cıtdır, N. (2020). Investigation of middle school students' attitudes towards mathematics. Anadolu University Journal of Education Faculty, 4(3), 294-322.
  • Doruk, M., Öztürk, M., & Kaplan, A. (2016). Investigation of the Self-efficacy perceptions of middle school students towards mathematics: Anxiety and attitude factors. Adıyaman University Journal of Educational Sciences, 6(2), 283-302.
  • Eccles, J. (1983). Expectancies, values and academic behaviors. In J.T. Spence (Ed.), Achievement and achievement motives: Psychological and sociological approaches (pp.75-146). San Francisco.
  • Efklides, A., & Misailidi, P. (Eds.). (2010). Trends and prospects in metacognition research. Springer Science, Business Media.
  • Eker, A. (2012). Educational effect of the diaries on the self-regulation strategies. Master thesis, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Türkiye.
  • Ergin, G. (2022). Examination of the relationship between secondary school students' mathematics self-efficiency, concerns, attitudes and perceived self-regulations. Master thesis, Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversity, Türkiye.
  • Fishbein, M. & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading. MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Flavell, J.H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34(10), 906–911.
  • Gray, J.A. (1991). Neural systems, emotion, and personality. In J. Madden (Eds.), Neurobiology of learning, emotion, and affect. New York: Raven Press.
  • Hacıömeroğlu, G. (2017). Reliability and validity study of the attitude towards mathematics ınstruments short form. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 5(9), 84-99.
  • Hardoon, D.R., Szedmak, S., & Shawe-Taylor, J. (2004). Canonical correlation analysis: An overview with application to learning methods. Neural computation, 16(12), 2639-2664.
  • Hudesman, J., Millet N, Niezgoda G, & Han S. (2013). The use of self-regulated learning, formative assessment, and mastery learning to assist students in developmental mathematics: A demonstration project. The International Journal of Research and Review, 10, 1-17.
  • Karagöz, Y. (2016). SPSS and AMOS 23 applied statistical analysis. Ankara: Nobel Publications.
  • Lim, S. Y., & Chapman, E. (2013). Development of a short form of the attitudes toward mathematics inventory. Educational Studies in Mathematics: An International Journal, 82, 145-164.
  • Ma, X., & Kishor, N. (1997). Assessing the relationship between attitude toward mathematics and achievement in mathematics: A meta-analysis. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 28, 26-47.
  • Montague, M. (2007). Self-regulation and mathematics instruction. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 22(1), 75-83.
  • Muzzatti, B., & Agnoli, F. (2007). Gender and mathematics: Attitudes and stereotype threat susceptibility in Italian children. Developmental Psychology, 43(3), 747–759.
  • Neale, D. C. (1969). The role of attitudes in learning mathematics. The Arithmetic Teacher, 16(8), 631–640.
  • Ocak, G.& Yamaç, A. (2013). Examination of the relationships between fifth graders’ self-regulated learning strategies, motivational beliefs, attitudes, and achievement. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 13(1), 369-387.
  • Perels, F., Gürtler, T., & Schmitz, B. (2021). Training of self-regulatory and problem-solving competence. Learning and Instruction, 15(2), 123-139.
  • Pintrich, P. R. (2000). The role of goal orientation in self-regulated learning. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation. Academic Press.
  • Pintrich, P. R., Roeser, R. W., & De Groot, E. A. M. (1994). Classroom and individual differences in early adolescents' motivation and self-regulated learning. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 14(2), 139–161.
  • Pintrich, P., Smith, D., García, T., & McKeachie, W. (1991). A manual for the use of the motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan.
  • Sakız, G., & Yetkin-Özdemir, İ. E. (2014). Self-regulation and self-regulated learning: Theoretical perspective. G. Sakız (Eds.), Self-regulation. Ankara: Nobel Publication.
  • Schraw, G., Crippen, K.J., & Hartley, K. (2006). Promoting Self-regulation in science education: Metacognition as part of a broader perspective on learning. Research in Science Education, 36, 111-139.
  • Schunk, D.H. (1996). Goal and self-evaluative influences during children's cognitive skill learning. American Educational Research Journal, 33, 359-382.
  • Schunk, D.H., & Pajares, F. (2002). The development of academic self-efficacy. In A. Wigfield & J. S. Eccles (Eds.), Development of achievement motivation (pp.15-31). Academic Press.
  • Schunk, D. H., & Zimmerman, B.J.(Eds.). (1994). Self-regulation of learning and performance: Issues and educational applications. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Sengül, S.& Erdoğan, F. (2013). Examination of the elementary school students` algebraic problem-solving achievement with regard to metacognitive knowledge. Education Sciences, 8(4), 411-427.
  • Sevgi, S.& Kırlar, H.R. (2021). Investigation of middle school students' attitudes towards mathematics and self-efficacy perception levels. Ondokuz Mayıs University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 40(1), 387-402.
  • Shaw, M.E.& Wright, J.M. (1967). Scales for the measurement of attitudes. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Tabachnick, B. G.& Fidell, L.S. (2007). Multivariate analysis of variance and covariance. Using multivariate statistics, 3, 402-407.
  • Tan, L.M.& Laswad, F. (2006). Students' beliefs, attitudes and intentions to major in accounting. Accounting Education: An international journal, 15(2), 167-187.
  • Tanner, H., & Jones, S. (2003). Self efficacy in mathematics and students’ use of self regulated learning strategies during assessment events.
  • Tobias, S. (1991). Math mental health: Going beyond math anxiety. College Teaching, 39(3), 91-93.
  • Winne, P.H., & Hadwin, A.F. (1998). Studying as self-regulated learning. In D.J. Hacker, J. Dunlosky, & A. C. Graesser (Eds.), Metacognition in educational theory and practice. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Yamaç, A. (2011). Examination of the relationships between primary fifth graders' self-regulated learning strategies and attitudes toward mathematics and mathematics achievements. Master thesis, Afyon Kocatepe University, Türkiye.
  • Yıldızlı, H.& Saban, A. (2015). Self regulated learning: A theoretical perspective. The Journal of International Education Science 4, 97-118.
  • Yılmaz, R.Ş. (2020). Investigation of the relationship between academic achievement of social studies subject and the self-regulation skills that elementary school 4th grade students have. Master thesis, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Türkiye.
  • Zeidner, M., Boekaerts, M., & Pintrich, P.R. (2000). Self-regulation: Directions and challenges for future research. In M. Boekaerts, P.R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation. Academic Press.
  • Zimmerman, B.J. (1990). Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: An overview. Educational Psychologist, 25(1), 3-17.
  • Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attaining self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P.R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation. Academic Press.
  • Zimmerman, B.J., Bonner, S., & Kovach, R. (1996). Developing self-regulated learners: Beyond achievement to self-efficacy. American Psychological Association.
There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Mathematics Education
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Yeliz Özkan Hıdıroğlu 0000-0002-5176-1235

Çağlar Naci Hıdıroğlu 0000-0002-3774-4957

Submission Date December 18, 2024
Acceptance Date February 4, 2026
Publication Date February 27, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.30786/jef.1603474
IZ https://izlik.org/JA47LC39SM
Published in Issue Year 2026 Issue: 29

Cite

APA Özkan Hıdıroğlu, Y., & Hıdıroğlu, Ç. N. (2026). The Relationship between Middle School Students’ Attitudes towards Mathematics and Their Self-Regulation Skills. Journal of Education and Future, 29, 43-57. https://doi.org/10.30786/jef.1603474
AMA 1.Özkan Hıdıroğlu Y, Hıdıroğlu ÇN. The Relationship between Middle School Students’ Attitudes towards Mathematics and Their Self-Regulation Skills. JEF. 2026;(29):43-57. doi:10.30786/jef.1603474
Chicago Özkan Hıdıroğlu, Yeliz, and Çağlar Naci Hıdıroğlu. 2026. “The Relationship Between Middle School Students’ Attitudes towards Mathematics and Their Self-Regulation Skills”. Journal of Education and Future, nos. 29: 43-57. https://doi.org/10.30786/jef.1603474.
EndNote Özkan Hıdıroğlu Y, Hıdıroğlu ÇN (February 1, 2026) The Relationship between Middle School Students’ Attitudes towards Mathematics and Their Self-Regulation Skills. Journal of Education and Future 29 43–57.
IEEE [1]Y. Özkan Hıdıroğlu and Ç. N. Hıdıroğlu, “The Relationship between Middle School Students’ Attitudes towards Mathematics and Their Self-Regulation Skills”, JEF, no. 29, pp. 43–57, Feb. 2026, doi: 10.30786/jef.1603474.
ISNAD Özkan Hıdıroğlu, Yeliz - Hıdıroğlu, Çağlar Naci. “The Relationship Between Middle School Students’ Attitudes towards Mathematics and Their Self-Regulation Skills”. Journal of Education and Future. 29 (February 1, 2026): 43-57. https://doi.org/10.30786/jef.1603474.
JAMA 1.Özkan Hıdıroğlu Y, Hıdıroğlu ÇN. The Relationship between Middle School Students’ Attitudes towards Mathematics and Their Self-Regulation Skills. JEF. 2026;:43–57.
MLA Özkan Hıdıroğlu, Yeliz, and Çağlar Naci Hıdıroğlu. “The Relationship Between Middle School Students’ Attitudes towards Mathematics and Their Self-Regulation Skills”. Journal of Education and Future, no. 29, Feb. 2026, pp. 43-57, doi:10.30786/jef.1603474.
Vancouver 1.Yeliz Özkan Hıdıroğlu, Çağlar Naci Hıdıroğlu. The Relationship between Middle School Students’ Attitudes towards Mathematics and Their Self-Regulation Skills. JEF. 2026 Feb. 1;(29):43-57. doi:10.30786/jef.1603474

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