DETERMINATION OF ENGINEERING PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN TUNNEL STRUCTURES USING GEOPHYSICAL METHODS: THE CASE OF DOĞANCI TUNNEL IN BURSA PROVINCE

Abstract

During and after the construction of highway tunnels all over the world, many engineering problems originating from geological conditions are encountered. In this study, the contributions of three different geophysical methods were investigated in determining the water leakages and related deformations from the side and ceiling walls of the Doğancı Tunnel on the Osmangazi-Orhangazi districts connection highway of Bursa Province. In this context, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Multi-Channel Surface Wave Analysis (MASW) were measured on the inner walls of the tunnel, and only the ERT measurements were made on the upper level at the entrance and on the berm at the exit of the tunnel. Resistivity values were obtained between 4-1000 Ohm.m and S-wave velocity values were between 280-800 m/s. Three-dimensional images of the tunnel walls and exterior facade were created from parallel ER profiles. When all the findings are evaluated together, the tunnel sections where the resistivity and S-wave velocity are generally low and the YR amplitudes are relatively high are associated with deformations caused by water leaks. As a result, it has been seen that the use of several geophysical methods together is extremely useful in determining the source of the deformations observed in the tunnels.

Keywords

• Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave
• Electrical Resistivity Tomography
• Ground Penetrating Radar
• Tunnel

TÜNEL YAPILARINDA KARŞILAŞILAN MÜHENDİSLİK PROBLEMLERİNİN JEOFİZİK YÖNTEMLERLE BELİRLENMESİ: BURSA İLİ DOĞANCI TÜNELİ ÖRNEĞİ

Abstract

Tüm dünyada karayolu tünellerin yapımı sırasında ve sonrasında, jeolojik koşullardan kaynaklı pek çok mühendislik problemi ile karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Bursa İli Osmangazi-Orhangazi ilçeleri bağlantı karayolundaki Doğancı Tüneli'nin yan ve tavan duvarlarından su sızıntılarının ve ilişkili oluşan deformasyonların belirlenmesinde, üç farklı jeofizik yöntemin sağladığı katkılar incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, tünelin iç duvarlarında Yer Radarı (YR), Elektrik Özdirenç Tomografi (EÖT) ve Çok Kanallı Yüzey Dalgası Analizi (ÇKYDA), tünelin girişinde üst kotta ve çıkışındaki palye üstünde sadece EÖT ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Özdirenç değerleri 4-1000 Ohm.m ve S-dalga hızı değerleri 280-800 m/s arasında elde edilmiştir. Birbirine paralel YR profillerinden tünelin duvarlarının ve dış cephesinin üç boyutlu görüntüleri oluşturulmuştur. Tüm bulgular birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, genel olarak özdirencin ve S-dalga hızının düşük, YR genliklerinin ise görece yüksek olduğu tünel bölümleri su sızıntılarından kaynaklı deformasyonlarla ilişkilendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, birkaç jeofizik yöntemin birlikte kullanılmasının tünellerde gözlenen deformasyonların kaynağının belirlenmesinde son derece yararlı olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

• Çok Kanallı Yüzey Dalgası Analizi
• Elektrik Özdirenç Tomografi
• Yer Radarı
• Tünel

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