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Spirulina platensis'in Yoğurt ve Peynir Starter Kültürleri Üzerine Stimüle Etkisi

Year 2025, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 1 - 12, 25.06.2025

Abstract

Süt, düşük asitli ve yüksek su aktivitesine sahip bir gıda ürünüdür ve işlenip muhafaza edilmediği sürece hızla bozulmaktadır. Sütün işlenip raf ömrünü uzatmanın yollarından birisi de yoğurt ve peynir olarak üretimidir. Yoğurt ve peynirin endüstriyel üretiminde starter kültürlerden faydalanılmaktadır. Besin bileşimleri, fonksiyonel çeşitliliği ve esnek metabolizmaları nedeniyle mikroalgler, starter kültür olarak kullanılan laktik asit bakterileri (LAB) ve mayaların üreme/gelişmesini ve metabolik faaliyetlerini destekleyerek fermantasyon süreçlerinin yüksek verimli gerçekleşmesini sağlamaktadır. Bir mikroalg türü olan Spirulina platensis son dönemlerde yaygın şekilde diyet takviyesi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Yapısında yüksek oranda vitamin, mineral ve diğer besin bileşenlerini bulunduran S. platensis, insanlar üzerinde metabolik aktiviteyi arttırıcı etkiye sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, S. platensis metanol ekstraktlarının farklı konsantrasyonlarının (2.5 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, 7.5 mg/ml ve 10 mg/ml ) in vitro ortamda, beyaz peynir ve yoğurt üretiminde starter kültür olarak kullanılan laktik asit bakterileri (Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis ve Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus) üzerine stimüle etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, Spirulina platensis’in çalışılan tüm konsantrasyonlarında ve çalışılan sürelerde çalışılan starter kültürler üzerinde logaritmik bir düzeyde bir değişimi oluşturmadığı gözlenmiştir.

Supporting Institution

Çukurova Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi

Project Number

FYL-2023-15713

Thanks

Çukurova Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi'ne teşekkür ederiz. Çukurova Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi öğretim üyelerinden Prof. Dr. Oya IŞIK ve Prof. Dr. Leyla USLU'ya projede kullanılan alglerin temininden dolayı teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Referans1 Park, Y. W. (Ed.). (2009). Bioactive components in milk and dairy products. Wiley-Blackwell, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780813821504
  • Referans2 Zamfir, M., Vancanneyt, M., Makras, L., Vaningelgem, F., Lefebvre, K., Pot, B., Swings, J., & De Vuyst, L. (2006). Biodiversity of lactic acid bacteria in Romanian dairy products. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 29(6), 487-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2005.10.002
  • Referans3 Visioli, F., & Strata, A. (2014). Milk, dairy products, and their functional effects in humans: A narrative review of recent evidence. Advances in Nutrition, 5(2), 131-143. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.113.005025
  • Referans4 Panesar, P. S. (2011). Fermented dairy products: Starter cultures and potential nutritional benefits. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2(1), 47-51. https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=3643
  • Referans5 Tilocca, B., Costanzo, N., Morittu, V. M., Spina, A. A., Soggiu, A., Britti, D., Roncada, P., & Piras, C. (2020). Milk microbiota: Characterization methods and role in cheese production. Journal of Proteomics, 210, 103534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103534
  • Referans6 Akan, E., Yerlikaya, O., Saygılı, D., & Kınık, Ö. (2021). Farklı starter kültür kullanımının yoğurtların tekstürel ve viskozite özelliklerine etkisi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 58(3), 377-383. https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.838079
  • Referans7 Fisberg, M., & Machado, R. (2015). History of yogurt and current patterns of consumption. Nutrition Reviews, 73(suppl_1), 4-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuv020
  • Referans8 Sasa, A., Şentürk, F., Üstündağ, Y., & Erem, F. (2020). Alglerin gıda veya gıda bileşeni olarak kullanımı ve sağlık üzerine etkileri. Uluslararası Mühendislik Tasarım ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 2(2), 97-110. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ijedt/issue/58095/800571
  • Referans9 Kapoor, R., & Mehta, U. (1993). Effect of supplementation of blue green alga (Spirulina) on outcome of pregnancy in rats. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 43(1), 29-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01088093
  • Referans10 Suna, G. (2020). Spirulina platensis ve Chlorella vulgaris ile zenginleştirilmiş probiyotik beyaz peynir üretiminin araştırılması (Tez No. 667454) [Yüksek lisans tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi], YÖK Tez Merkezi.
  • Referans11 Akça, S. (2020). Probiyotik Yoğurtların Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Spirulina Platensis’in etkisi, (Tez No. 624962) [Yüksek lisans tezi, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi], YÖK Tez Merkezi.
  • Referans12 El-Baz, F. K., El-Senousy, W. M., El-Sayed, A. B., & Kamel, M. M. (2013). In vitro antiviral and antimicrobial activities of Spirulina platensis extract. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 3(12), 52-56. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287938821_In_vitro_antiviral_and_antimicrobial_activities_of_Spirulina_platensis_extract
  • Referans13 Parada, J. L., de Caire, G. Z., de Mulé, M. C. Z., & de Cano, M. M. S. (1998). Lactic acid bacteria growth promoters from Spirulina platensis. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 45(3), 225-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(98)00151-2
  • Referans14 de Caire, G. Z., Parada, J. L., Zaccaro, M. C., & de Cano, M. M. S. (2000). Effect of Spirulina platensis biomass on the growth of lactic acid bacteria in milk. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 16, 563–565. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1008928930174
  • Referans15 Varga, L., Szigeti, J., Kovacs, R., Foldes, T., & Buti, S. (2002). Influence of a Spirulina platensis biomass on the microflora of fermented ABT milks during storage (R1). Journal of Dairy Science, 85(5), 1031-1038. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74163-5
  • Referans16 Gyenis, B., Szigeti, J., Molnár, N., & Varga, L. (2005). Use of dried microalgal biomasses to stimulate acid production and growth of Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium in milk. Acta Agraria Kaposváriensis, 9(2), 53–59. https://journal.uni-mate.hu/index.php/aak/article/view/1744
  • Referans17 Mocanu, G-D., Botez, E., Nistor, O. V., Andronoiu, D. G., & Vlăsceanu, G. (2013). Influence of Spirulina platensis biomass over some starter culture of lactic bacteria. Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies, 19(4), 474-479. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271135301_Influence_of_Spirulina_platensis_biomass_over_some_starter_culture_of_lactic_bacteria
  • Referans18 Molino, A., Iovine, A., Casella, P., Mehariya, S., Chianese, S., Cerbone, A., Rimauro, J., & Musmarra, D. (2018). Microalgae characterization for consolidated and new application in human food, animal feed and nutraceuticals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(11), 2436. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112436
  • Referans19 Fadaei, V., Mazinani, S., & Khosravi-Darani, K. (2013). Influence of Spirulina platensis powder on viability of Lactococcus strains in probiotic UF feta cheese containing Mentha longifolia L. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 10(3), 475-478.
  • Referans20 Martelli, F., Alinovi, M., Bernini, V., Gatti, M., & Bancalari, E. (2020). Arthrospira platensis as natural fermentation booster for milk and soy fermented beverages. Foods, 9(3), 350. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9030350
  • Referans21 Kaushik, P., & Chauhan, A. (2008). In vitro antibacterial activity of laboratory grown culture of Spirulina platensis. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 48(3), 348-352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-008-0043-0
  • Referans22 Elshouny, W. A. E., El-Sheekh, M. M., Sabae, S. Z., Khalil, M. A., & Badr, H. M. (2017). Antimicrobial activity of Spirulina platensis against aquatic bacterial isolates. Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, 6(5), 1203-1208. https://doi.org/10.15414/jmbfs.2017.6.5.1203-1208
  • Referans23 Gheda, S. F., & Ismail, G. A. (2020). Natural products from some soil cyanobacterial extracts with potent antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 92(2), e20190934. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020190934
  • Referans24 Çelekli, A., Alslibi, Z. A., & Bozkurt, H. (2019). Influence of incorporated Spirulina platensis on the growth of microflora and physicochemical properties of ayran as a functional food. Algal Research, 44, 101710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2019.101710 Referans25 Bhowmik, D., Dubey, J., & Mehra, S. (2009). Probiotic efficiency of Spirulina platensis stimulating growth of lactic acid bacteria. World Journal of Dairy & Food Sciences, 4(2), 160-163. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:30860238
  • Referans26 Aydemir, S., & Öner, Z. (2020). Farklı konsantrasyonlarda Spirulina platensis eklenmiş yoğurtların kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik özellikleri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(3), 553-565. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.534480
  • Referans27 Guldas, M., & Irkin, R. (2010). Influence of Spirulina platensis powder on the microflora of yoghurt and acidophilus milk. Mljekarstvo, 60(4), 237-243. https://hrcak.srce.hr/62548

Stimulating Effect of Spirulina platensis on Yogurt and Cheese Starter Cultures

Year 2025, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 1 - 12, 25.06.2025

Abstract

Milk is a food product with low acidity and high-water activity and rapidly deteriorates unless processed and preserved. One of the ways to process milk and extend its shelf life is to produce as yoghurt and cheese. For this purpose, starter cultures are used in the industrial production of yoghurt and cheese. Due to their nutritional composition, functional diversity and flexible metabolism, microalgae support the reproduction/development and metabolic activities of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts used as starter cultures, provide highly efficient fermentation processes. Spirulina platensis, a type of microalgae, has recently been widely used as a dietary supplement. Containing high levels of vitamins, minerals and other nutritional components, S. platensis has a metabolic activity enhancing effect on humans. In this study, the stimulatory effects of different concentrations of S. platensis methanol extracts (2.5 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, 7.5 mg/ml ve 10 mg/ml) on lactic acid bacteria (Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, and Streptococcus thermophilus Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus) used as starter cultures in the production of white cheese and yoghurt were investigated in vitro. As a result of the research, it was observed that Spirulina platensis did not affect a logarithmic level change on the starter cultures studied in all concentrations and time studied.

Supporting Institution

Cukurova University Scientific Research Projects Unit

Project Number

FYL-2023-15713

Thanks

We would like to thank Çukurova University Scientific Research Projects Unit. We would like to thank Prof. Dr. Oya IŞIK and Prof. Dr. Leyla USLU, faculty members from Çukurova University Faculty of Fisheries, for providing the algae used in the project.

References

  • Referans1 Park, Y. W. (Ed.). (2009). Bioactive components in milk and dairy products. Wiley-Blackwell, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780813821504
  • Referans2 Zamfir, M., Vancanneyt, M., Makras, L., Vaningelgem, F., Lefebvre, K., Pot, B., Swings, J., & De Vuyst, L. (2006). Biodiversity of lactic acid bacteria in Romanian dairy products. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 29(6), 487-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2005.10.002
  • Referans3 Visioli, F., & Strata, A. (2014). Milk, dairy products, and their functional effects in humans: A narrative review of recent evidence. Advances in Nutrition, 5(2), 131-143. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.113.005025
  • Referans4 Panesar, P. S. (2011). Fermented dairy products: Starter cultures and potential nutritional benefits. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2(1), 47-51. https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=3643
  • Referans5 Tilocca, B., Costanzo, N., Morittu, V. M., Spina, A. A., Soggiu, A., Britti, D., Roncada, P., & Piras, C. (2020). Milk microbiota: Characterization methods and role in cheese production. Journal of Proteomics, 210, 103534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103534
  • Referans6 Akan, E., Yerlikaya, O., Saygılı, D., & Kınık, Ö. (2021). Farklı starter kültür kullanımının yoğurtların tekstürel ve viskozite özelliklerine etkisi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 58(3), 377-383. https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.838079
  • Referans7 Fisberg, M., & Machado, R. (2015). History of yogurt and current patterns of consumption. Nutrition Reviews, 73(suppl_1), 4-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuv020
  • Referans8 Sasa, A., Şentürk, F., Üstündağ, Y., & Erem, F. (2020). Alglerin gıda veya gıda bileşeni olarak kullanımı ve sağlık üzerine etkileri. Uluslararası Mühendislik Tasarım ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 2(2), 97-110. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ijedt/issue/58095/800571
  • Referans9 Kapoor, R., & Mehta, U. (1993). Effect of supplementation of blue green alga (Spirulina) on outcome of pregnancy in rats. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 43(1), 29-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01088093
  • Referans10 Suna, G. (2020). Spirulina platensis ve Chlorella vulgaris ile zenginleştirilmiş probiyotik beyaz peynir üretiminin araştırılması (Tez No. 667454) [Yüksek lisans tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi], YÖK Tez Merkezi.
  • Referans11 Akça, S. (2020). Probiyotik Yoğurtların Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Spirulina Platensis’in etkisi, (Tez No. 624962) [Yüksek lisans tezi, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi], YÖK Tez Merkezi.
  • Referans12 El-Baz, F. K., El-Senousy, W. M., El-Sayed, A. B., & Kamel, M. M. (2013). In vitro antiviral and antimicrobial activities of Spirulina platensis extract. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 3(12), 52-56. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287938821_In_vitro_antiviral_and_antimicrobial_activities_of_Spirulina_platensis_extract
  • Referans13 Parada, J. L., de Caire, G. Z., de Mulé, M. C. Z., & de Cano, M. M. S. (1998). Lactic acid bacteria growth promoters from Spirulina platensis. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 45(3), 225-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(98)00151-2
  • Referans14 de Caire, G. Z., Parada, J. L., Zaccaro, M. C., & de Cano, M. M. S. (2000). Effect of Spirulina platensis biomass on the growth of lactic acid bacteria in milk. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 16, 563–565. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1008928930174
  • Referans15 Varga, L., Szigeti, J., Kovacs, R., Foldes, T., & Buti, S. (2002). Influence of a Spirulina platensis biomass on the microflora of fermented ABT milks during storage (R1). Journal of Dairy Science, 85(5), 1031-1038. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74163-5
  • Referans16 Gyenis, B., Szigeti, J., Molnár, N., & Varga, L. (2005). Use of dried microalgal biomasses to stimulate acid production and growth of Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium in milk. Acta Agraria Kaposváriensis, 9(2), 53–59. https://journal.uni-mate.hu/index.php/aak/article/view/1744
  • Referans17 Mocanu, G-D., Botez, E., Nistor, O. V., Andronoiu, D. G., & Vlăsceanu, G. (2013). Influence of Spirulina platensis biomass over some starter culture of lactic bacteria. Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies, 19(4), 474-479. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271135301_Influence_of_Spirulina_platensis_biomass_over_some_starter_culture_of_lactic_bacteria
  • Referans18 Molino, A., Iovine, A., Casella, P., Mehariya, S., Chianese, S., Cerbone, A., Rimauro, J., & Musmarra, D. (2018). Microalgae characterization for consolidated and new application in human food, animal feed and nutraceuticals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(11), 2436. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112436
  • Referans19 Fadaei, V., Mazinani, S., & Khosravi-Darani, K. (2013). Influence of Spirulina platensis powder on viability of Lactococcus strains in probiotic UF feta cheese containing Mentha longifolia L. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 10(3), 475-478.
  • Referans20 Martelli, F., Alinovi, M., Bernini, V., Gatti, M., & Bancalari, E. (2020). Arthrospira platensis as natural fermentation booster for milk and soy fermented beverages. Foods, 9(3), 350. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9030350
  • Referans21 Kaushik, P., & Chauhan, A. (2008). In vitro antibacterial activity of laboratory grown culture of Spirulina platensis. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 48(3), 348-352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-008-0043-0
  • Referans22 Elshouny, W. A. E., El-Sheekh, M. M., Sabae, S. Z., Khalil, M. A., & Badr, H. M. (2017). Antimicrobial activity of Spirulina platensis against aquatic bacterial isolates. Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, 6(5), 1203-1208. https://doi.org/10.15414/jmbfs.2017.6.5.1203-1208
  • Referans23 Gheda, S. F., & Ismail, G. A. (2020). Natural products from some soil cyanobacterial extracts with potent antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 92(2), e20190934. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020190934
  • Referans24 Çelekli, A., Alslibi, Z. A., & Bozkurt, H. (2019). Influence of incorporated Spirulina platensis on the growth of microflora and physicochemical properties of ayran as a functional food. Algal Research, 44, 101710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2019.101710 Referans25 Bhowmik, D., Dubey, J., & Mehra, S. (2009). Probiotic efficiency of Spirulina platensis stimulating growth of lactic acid bacteria. World Journal of Dairy & Food Sciences, 4(2), 160-163. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:30860238
  • Referans26 Aydemir, S., & Öner, Z. (2020). Farklı konsantrasyonlarda Spirulina platensis eklenmiş yoğurtların kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik özellikleri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(3), 553-565. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.534480
  • Referans27 Guldas, M., & Irkin, R. (2010). Influence of Spirulina platensis powder on the microflora of yoghurt and acidophilus milk. Mljekarstvo, 60(4), 237-243. https://hrcak.srce.hr/62548
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Food Technology, Food Sciences (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

İşil Var 0000-0002-0421-6330

Sinan Uzunlu 0000-0001-9824-7586

Büşra Alomar 0000-0002-1299-5207

Project Number FYL-2023-15713
Publication Date June 25, 2025
Submission Date October 4, 2024
Acceptance Date May 2, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Var, İ., Uzunlu, S., & Alomar, B. (2025). Stimulating Effect of Spirulina platensis on Yogurt and Cheese Starter Cultures. Toros University Journal of Food, Nutrition and Gastronomy, 4(1), 1-12.
AMA Var İ, Uzunlu S, Alomar B. Stimulating Effect of Spirulina platensis on Yogurt and Cheese Starter Cultures. JFNG. June 2025;4(1):1-12.
Chicago Var, İşil, Sinan Uzunlu, and Büşra Alomar. “Stimulating Effect of Spirulina Platensis on Yogurt and Cheese Starter Cultures”. Toros University Journal of Food, Nutrition and Gastronomy 4, no. 1 (June 2025): 1-12.
EndNote Var İ, Uzunlu S, Alomar B (June 1, 2025) Stimulating Effect of Spirulina platensis on Yogurt and Cheese Starter Cultures. Toros University Journal of Food, Nutrition and Gastronomy 4 1 1–12.
IEEE İ. Var, S. Uzunlu, and B. Alomar, “Stimulating Effect of Spirulina platensis on Yogurt and Cheese Starter Cultures”, JFNG, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2025.
ISNAD Var, İşil et al. “Stimulating Effect of Spirulina Platensis on Yogurt and Cheese Starter Cultures”. Toros University Journal of Food, Nutrition and Gastronomy 4/1 (June2025), 1-12.
JAMA Var İ, Uzunlu S, Alomar B. Stimulating Effect of Spirulina platensis on Yogurt and Cheese Starter Cultures. JFNG. 2025;4:1–12.
MLA Var, İşil et al. “Stimulating Effect of Spirulina Platensis on Yogurt and Cheese Starter Cultures”. Toros University Journal of Food, Nutrition and Gastronomy, vol. 4, no. 1, 2025, pp. 1-12.
Vancouver Var İ, Uzunlu S, Alomar B. Stimulating Effect of Spirulina platensis on Yogurt and Cheese Starter Cultures. JFNG. 2025;4(1):1-12.