Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine

The Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine aims to publish issues related to health sciences and all fields of Medicine of the highest scientific and clinical value at an international level and accepts articles on these topics. The target audience of the Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine includes specialists and physicians working in health sciences, all fields of Medicine, and all other health professionals interested in these fields.

Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine is an unbiased, independent scientific journal that evaluates articles with peer-review and "double-blind" systems. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine aims to support scientific development and provides information exchange among the readers with clinical and surgical retrospectives, prospective or experimental research, compilation, case report, editorial comments/discussion, editorial letters, scientific letters, surgical techniques, differential diagnosis, original view, what is your diagnosis? book evaluations, questions/answers, and current issues that determine the agenda in the field of journal.

Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine is an unbiased, independent scientific journal that evaluates articles with peer-review and "double-blind" systems. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine aims to support scientific development and provides information exchange among the readers with clinical and surgical retrospectives, prospective or experimental research, compilation, case report, editorial comments/discussion, editorial letters, scientific letters, surgical techniques, differential diagnosis, original view, what is your diagnosis? book evaluations, questions/answers, and current issues that determine the agenda in the field of journal.

Author Guidelines

The Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine accepts submissions in just English. The publication language of the journal is only English.

1.1 General Format

Manuscripts should be prepared using Microsoft Word, size A4 with 2.5 cm margins on all sides, 12 pt Times New Roman font, and double line spacing. “System International” (SI) units should be used. Abbreviations should be defined at first mention and used consistently thereafter. Manuscripts written in English should be following the Writing Guide and Grammar. The system enables online submission and evaluation of the manuscript.
Text(s) and table(s) should be prepared in MS Word format, and graphic(s), and picture(s) should preferably be in JPEG format (minimum 300 DPI). Figures, tables, pictures, and graphics should be referenced in the text. Abbreviations should be given in parentheses where the word first appears. Articles should be 50% contiguous, a comma should be used in a period (55.78) should be used in English manuscripts.

1.2 Article Type

Identification of article type is the first step of manuscript submission because article type dictates the guidelines that should be used (see below, Using Guidelines), including formatting and word limits of the manuscript. The main categories of article type are outlined below:

Original Article: Original contributions are manuscripts containing substantial novel research. These articles can include randomized controlled trials, observational (cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional) studies, descriptive studies, diagnostic accuracy studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, nonrandomized behavioral and public health intervention trials, experimental animal trials, or any other clinical or experimental studies. Abstracts should not exceed 400 words and should be structured with the following subheadings: Aims, Methods, Results, and Conclusion. The main text should be structured with the following subheadings: Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgments, References, Tables, and Figure Legends. The main text should not exceed 4000 words, excluding the abstract, references, tables, and figure legends. It is recommended not to exceed 30 references. All papers but cell studies require ethical approval.

Brief/Case Reports: Brief reports are short and peer-reviewed articles including small case series, case reports, negative trials, preliminary results, and others that are not to be published as a full-text papers. The main text should be less than 2000 words with a maximum of 10 references and have no more than 3 display items (Tables or figures). It is recommended not to exceed 200 words in the abstract. Abstracts should not be configured, and sub-headings should not contain (Aims, Methods, Results, and Conclusion). In case reports, it should be stated that an "informed consent form" is taken.

Review Article: The review articles are comprehensive analyses of specific topics in medicine, which can also be written by invitation, due to the extensive experience and publications of authors on the review subjects. All review articles will also undergo peer review before acceptance. Review articles must not exceed 4000 words for the main text (excluding references, tables, and figure legends) and 400 words for the abstract. A review article can be signed by no more than 4 authors and can have no more than 80 references. It is recommended not to exceed 200 words in the abstract. Abstracts should not be configured, and sub-headings should not contain (Aims, Methods, Results, and Conclusion).Review articles do not require ethical approval.

Letter to the Editor: Letters about a journal article must not exceed 1000 words (excluding references). An abstract is not required for this type of manuscript. A letter can be signed by no more than 3 authors and can have no more than 5 references and 1 figure or table. Authors might be asked for a reply to the letter. Replies must be submitted through the submission system as well.

Clinical Image: For educational purposes, the journal publishes original, interesting, and high-quality clinical images having a brief explanation (maximum 500 words excluding references but including figure legends) and of educational significance. The figure legend should contain no more than 100 words. It can be signed by no more than 5 authors and can have no more than 5 references and 1 figure or table. Any information that might identify the patient or hospital, including the date, should be removed from the image. An abstract is not required for this type of manuscript. The main text of clinical images should be structured with the following subheadings: Case, and References. All papers require the patient's consent.

Editorial Comment: Editorial comments are brief remarks on an article published in the journal by the reviewer of the article or by a relevant authority. Most comments are invited by the Editor-in-Chief but spontaneous comments are welcome. It must not exceed 1000 words (excluding references). An abstract is not required for this type of manuscript. It can have no more than 15 references and 1 figure or table.

Other: Editorials, editorial comments, book reviews, and reports on publication and research ethics are requested by the Editorial Board.

1.3. Clinical Trials and Reporting Guidelines

The Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine encourages the registration of all clinical trials via ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov) or one of the registries of the WHO’s International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP: http://www.who.int/ictrp/network/primary/en/index.html). Especially the phase 3 clinical trials must be registered at or before the time of first patient enrollment. The name of the registry and the registration number together with the information on the funding source should be provided at the end of the abstract.
Authors should also refer to the guidelines below when preparing their manuscript
For further information on the reporting guidelines for health research, authors are suggested to refer to the EQUATOR network website (http://www.equator-network.org/)

2. Preparation and Submission of Manuscript

The entire submission process for a manuscript is completed online through the self-explanatory online submission system through the website.
Please be informed that we will ask you to suggest two potential reviewers during the manuscript submission process.
The submission should be divided into SEPARATE files in the following order:
2.1.Cover Letter
2.2. Title Page
2.3. Main Document (Abstract, Main text, references, tables, and figure legends. Abstract of the manuscript should be also submitted through the submission system)
2.4. Tables
2.5. Figures
2.6. Ethics Committee Approval form
2.7. Copyright Agreement and Acknowledgement of Authorship Form
2.8. The ICMJE Conflict of Interest form and Data-sharing Statement form
2.9. Creative Commons License Agreement Form

2.1. Cover Letter (As a separate file)

The cover letter should include the article title, the full name of the corresponding author, and type of article (original article, case report, review article, letter to editor etc.). The cover letter should also include a statement declaring the absence or presence of a conflict of interest (please refer to the
ICMJE Conflict of Interest form page for details). Furthermore, there should be a statement that the manuscript has not already been published, accepted, or under simultaneous review for publication elsewhere. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine does not accept multiple submissions and duplicate submissions even though the previous one was published in a different language. Please refer to the editorial (ICMJE recommendations (http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/publishing-and-editorial-issues/overlapping-publications.html) on this subject for more details. For manuscripts that have been presented orally or as a poster, this must be stated on the title page with the date and the place of the presentation. An example of a cover letter can be found on the journal’s webpage.

2.2. Title Page (As a separate file)

This should include:
The complete manuscript title (no more than 150 characters)
The running head (no more than 50 characters)
All authors' full names with ORCIDs, affiliations, and e-mail addresses (all authors should meet the ICMJE’s requirements for authorship – see details at “Copyright Transfer and Acknowledgement of Authorship Form”
The name, address, telephone, and fax numbers, and email address of the corresponding author
Information about where and when the study has previously been presented.
Acknowledgments: All contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship (ICMJE: authorship and contributorship) and the statement of conflict of interest and funding should be declared under this subheading.
An example of a title page can be found on the journal’s webpage.

2.3. Main Document (As a separate file)

The main document should include the abstract, main text, reference list, tables, and figure legends, respectively.

2.3.a. Abstracts

Original articles, invited review articles, and brief/case reports should include an abstract. Abstracts for original articles should be structured with the following subheadings: Aims, Methods, Results, and Conclusion. Abstracts for review articles and brief/case reports should not be structured. Clinical images, Editorials, Letters to the Editor, and Commentaries should not contain an abstract. Please find the guidelines for abstracts of specific types of manuscripts under the Main Text section below.
Aims: The aim of the study should be clearly stated.
Methods: The study should be described, including selection criteria, design (randomized, retrospective/prospective, etc.), and statistical methods applied, if applicable.
Results: The main results of the study should be stated and the statistical significance level should be indicated.
Conclusion: The results of the study should be summarized and the clinical applicability of the results should be defined.
Keywords: The abstract should be followed by 3 to 6 keywords provided in Index Medicus under “Medical Subject Heading (MeSH)”.

2.3.b. Main Text

a) Original Articles
The main text of the article should include the following headings:
Introduction: This should consist of a brief background to the subject and the study objective(s), supported by information from the literature.
Methods: The study plan should be clearly described, including whether the study was randomized and retrospective or prospective, the inclusion and exclusion criteria applied, the patient/sample number and characteristics, and the statistical methods used.
Results: The results of the study should be stated, with tables/figures given in numerical order; the results should be evaluated according to the statistical analysis methods applied. See the Tables, Graphics, Figures, And Images section of the General Guidelines for details about the preparation of visual material.
Discussion: The study results should be discussed in terms of their favorable and unfavorable aspects and they should be compared with the literature. The conclusion of the study should be highlighted.
Study Limitations: This section should state which data and analyses could not be included in the study, discuss the limitations of the study, and give recommendations for future studies.
Conclusion: Highlights the results obtained and conclusions that can be drawn from the study.
Acknowledgments: Any technical or financial support or editorial contributions (statistical analysis, English evaluation) towards the study should appear at the end of the article.
References: Authors are responsible for the accuracy of the references. See the General Guidelines for details about the usage and formatting required.

b) Brief/Case Reports

Brief/Case reports should present cases that are rarely seen, feature novelty in diagnosis and treatment, and contribute to our current knowledge. The main text should include the introduction, case presentation, discussion, and references.

c) Review Articles

Review articles can address any aspect of clinical or basic topic and should be written in a format that describes, discusses, and analyzes the current state of knowledge or clinical use based on the latest evidence and offers directions for future research. Most review articles are invited, but uninvited review submissions are also welcome. Contacting the section editor is recommended before submitting a review. Reviews articles analyze topics in depth, independently, and without bias. All cited literature should be referenced.

d) Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor should be short commentaries related to current developments in the topic and their scientific and social aspects or may ask questions or offer further contributions in response to articles published in the Journal. Any information that may indicate an individual or institution should be excluded from the main document to ensure a blinded review process.

2.3.c. References

Reference listings must be following ICMJE standards and be numbered consecutively at the end of the manuscript in the order in which they are mentioned in the text. Authors are responsible for the accuracy of references. Journal titles should be abbreviated following the journal abbreviations in Index Medicus/ Medline/PubMed (for journal abbreviations consult the List of Journals indexed for MEDLINE, published annually by NLM).
Authors are responsible for the accuracy of the references. References should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text. The Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine uses American Medical Association (AMA) Citation Style for references. Each reference should be cited in the text using superscript Arabic numerals (e.g.,1, 2, 3…). Multiple references may be cited in the same instance. If you are citing sequential references, these should be indicated with a hyphen. Nonsequential references should be separated with commas. There should not be a space between numbers. References are found at the end of a manuscript and are titled “References” and each item should be listed in numerical order as opposed to alphabetically. The format for author names is "Surname1 AB, Surname2 CD, ...". Note that there is a comma between each full name, but there is no punctuation within each name. If a reference has up to six authors, include them all. If there are more than six authors, list the first three, followed by "et al." Then add the name of the article (only the first letter of the sentence and the first letter of the special names will be capitalized), short journal name, year, volume, number, page number (15-8, not 15-18) and a space between the punctuation marks. The name of the journal should be written in italic, and a point should be placed at the end. The format used for the manuscript submission should be as specified in Index Medicus (www.icmje.org).
Examples of references are as follows:
1) Journal article
Author(s), Article title, Journal name (abbreviated and italicized), Year of publication (followed by a semi-colon), Volume number, Issue number, Part or supplement number (when applicable), Inclusive page number(s).
Examples:
-Freund KB, Staurenghi G, Jung JJ, et al. Macular neovascularization lesion type and vision outcomes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: post hoc analysis of HARBOR. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2022;260(8):2437-2447.
-Freund KB, Fine HF. Pachychoroid Disease. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2020;51(4):206-209.
2) Whole Book
Author(s). Book Title. Edition number (if it is the second edition or above). Publisher's name; copyright year.
Example: Riegelman RK, Kirkwood B. Public Health 101: Healthy People--Healthy Populations. 2nd ed. Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2015.
3) Chapter in a Book
Author(s). Chapter title. Editor, eds. In: Author, Book Title. edition. Publisher; Year: pages.
Example: Bliss CM, Wolfe M. Chapter 34: Common clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal disease. In: Andreoli TE, Cecil RL, eds. Andreoli and Carpenter's Cecil Essentials of Medicine. 8th ed. Saunders/Elsevier; 2010:382-400.
4) Article in electronic format
When citing electronic material, in addition to the basic information, you must also, in general,include the DOI. If the DOI is not available, include the URL (link) to the item as well as the date you accessed it. Two tips to keep in mind: provide the most direct urlpossible and if a DOI is listed instead of a URL, it is not necessary to include the date accessed. DOI is preferred over URL.
Examples
Online journal article with volume and page information
Allison MA, Hurley LP, Markowitz L, et al. Primary care physicians’ perspectives about HPV vaccine. Pediatrics. 2016;137(2):e20152488. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-2488
Online journal article available online before print publication
Tamburini S, Shen N, Chih Wu H, Clemente JC. The microbiome in early life: implications for health outcomes. Nat Med. Published online July 7, 2016. doi:10.1038/nm4142
Web site
King MW. Carbohydrate Nomenclature. The Medical Biochemistry Page. Updated April 2, 2020. Accessed June 3, 2020. http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org.
Online book
Gilmore K, Meersand P. Normal Child and Adolescent Development: A Psychodynamic Primer. American Psychiatric Association Publishing; 2014. Accessed August 12, 2019. https://www.r2library.com/Resource/Title/1585624365
Chapter from an online book
Creating safety systems in health care organizations. In: Kohn, LT, Corrigan, JM, and Donaldson MS, eds. To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System. Washington, DC: Committee on Quality of Health Care in America, Institute of Medicine; 2000: chap 8. Accessed November 1, 2016. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.ptp?record_id=9728&page=155
Online reference
Amoxicillin. Micromedex. Truven Health Analytics; 2020. Updated June 2, 2020. Accessed July 22, 2020.http://www.micromedexsolutions.com/micromedex2/librarian#
Preprints
Bloss CS, Wineinger NE, Peters M, et al. A prospective randomized trial examining health care utilization in individuals using multiple smartphone-enabled biosensors. bioRxiv. Preprint posted online October 28, 2015. doi:10.1101/029983
For other reference styles, please refer to “ICMJE Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Sample References”

2.3.d- Figure Legends

Legends for illustrations should be written starting on a separate page after references in the main text and Arabic numerals should be used for corresponding illustrations.

2.4. Tables (As a separate file)
Tables should be presented within the main document after the reference list. All tables should be referred to within the main text and they should be numbered consecutively in the order they are referred to within the main text. A descriptive title should be provided for all tables and the titles should be placed above the tables. Abbreviations used in the tables should be defined below the tables (even if they are defined within the main text). Tables should be created using the “insert table” command of the word processing software and they should be arranged clearly to provide an easy reading. Tables, in particular, should be explanatory and facilitate readers’ understanding of the manuscript, and should not repeat data presented in the main text.

2.5. Figures (As a separate file)

Figures, graphics, and photographs should be submitted as separate files (in JPEG format) through the submission system. They should not be embedded in a Word document. When there are figure subunits, the subunits should not be merged to form a single image. Each subunit should be submitted separately through the submission system. Thick and thin arrows, arrowheads, stars, asterisks, and similar marks can be used on the images to support figure legends. Like the rest of the submission, the figures too should be blind. Any information within the images that may indicate an individual or institution should be blinded. The minimum resolution of each submitted figure should be 300DPI. To prevent delays in the evaluation process all submitted figures should be clear in resolution and large in size (minimum dimensions 100x100 mm)

2.6. Ethics Committee Approval form (As a separate file)

ULAKBIM TR Index made some new regulations to the criteria of 2020 regarding ethical rules. These regulations are summarized below. Please submit your manuscript according to these rules. Authors should obtain the relevant documents and upload them to the system together with their ethical committee approval.
1. "Ethics Committee Approval" is required for all kinds of research conducted with qualitative or quantitative approaches that require data collection from participants using survey, interview, focus group work, observation, experiment, and interview techniques.
2. The articles should state whether an ethical committee permit and/or legal/special permission is required. If these approvals are required, they should be presented from which institution, on what date, and with which decision or number.
3. "Ethics Committee Approval" is required for research using humans and animals (including materials/data) for experimental or other scientific purposes.
4. If the study involves the use of human or animal subjects, the international declaration of the study, guidance, etc. must be declared that it is performed properly.
5. "Ethics Committee Approval" is required for clinical studies on humans and animals.
6. By the law on the protection of personal data, "Ethics Committee Approval" is needed for retrospective studies.
* Retrospective ethics committee approval is not required for articles that were produced from postgraduate/doctoral studies using research data before 2020 (must be specified in the article) and were accepted for publication in the previous year, but have not yet been published.
** In studies that require ethics committee approval, ethics committee approval will be shared with the journal editor. In addition, the name of the committee, the date, and the issue number will be stated in the method section of the article and the ethics committee approval section on the last page of the article.
*** Researchers who are not members of the university can also apply to the Ethics Committees in their region.

2.7. Copyright Agreement and Acknowledgement of Authorship Form

This is a statement of the scientific contributions and responsibilities of all authors. The form is available for download on the journal’s webpage.
The ICMJE recommends that authorship be based on the following 4 criteria:
♦ Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND
♦ Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND
♦ Final approval of the version to be published; AND
♦ Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.”
A contributor should meet all four criteria to be identified as an author. If a contributor does not meet all four criteria, he/she should be acknowledged in the acknowledgments section of the manuscript.
For more details please refer to the ICMJE’s definition of the role of authors and contributors at http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html

2.8. The ICMJE Conflict of Interest form and Data-sharing Statement form

During submission, the ICMJE Conflict of Interest form should be filled out, saved to your computer, and submitted to the Journal together with your manuscript. Please refer to “conflict of interest policy” for more information. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine requires authors to submit a Data-sharing Statement form for clinical trials and register a data-sharing plan when registering a clinical trial on or after Jan 1, 2019. Please refer to the “data-sharing policy” for more information.

2.9. Creative Commons License Agreement Form

After the acceptance of the articles, the corresponding author may be asked to sign the Creative Commons License Agreement form and send it to the publisher. Please refer to the “open access policy” for more information.

Note: ORCID information is being used in national and international journals. ORCID is an organization that provides the Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID), allowing researchers to register for a unique identifier. ORCID is providing an identifier for individuals to use with their names as they engage in research, scholarship, and innovation activities. These identifiers are primarily used to disambiguate authors in the publishing world. The Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine also includes this information for the indexing requirement. You can get your ORCID ID from the link below.

https://orcid.org/register

Ethical Principles and Publication Policy

Scientific Responsibility

All authors should have direct academic and/or scientific contributions to the submitted manuscript. The authors should have all of the following specifications: Should plan or execute the study in the manuscript, should write or revise the manuscript, and accept the final draft

Ethical Rules and Plagiarism

This Journal is committed to the standards of research and publication ethics and does not allow any form of plagiarism. The journal uses a plagiarism screening service to verify the originality of content submitted before publication. If plagiarism is detected in the articles submitted to the Journal for publication, the responsibility belongs to the authors. In case of any suspicion or claim regarding scientific shortcomings or ethical infringement, the Journal reserves the right to submit the manuscript to the supporting institutions or other authorities for investigation. The Journal accepts the responsibility of initiating action but does not undertake any responsibility for an actual investigation or any power of decision.

This Journal uses "iThenticate" to screen all submissions for plagiarism before publication. This journal does not accept articles that indicate a similarity rate of more than 20%, according to iThenticate reports. It is essential that authors avoid all forms of plagiarism and ethical misconduct, as represented below.
We disapprove of unethical practices and of efforts to influence the review process with such practices as gifting authorship, inappropriate acknowledgments, and references in line with the COPE flowcharts.

Authors are obliged to acknowledge if they published study results in whole or in part in the form of abstracts.

Correction, Retraction, Clarification Policy, and Editorial Responses

This journal recognizes its obligation to correct errors in the work that it has published and to consider readers’ criticisms of that work.

Corrections and Retraction

Errors of this type will be corrected online as soon as possible, in coordination with the publisher, and will be printed in an erratum sheet that will appear in the next issue and be included in the digital version of the article. The corrected article will include a footnote stating the date of correction and the volume and issue in which the erratum will appear. In a situation where the corrections are significant in scope or quantity, they would not be corrected online, but the digital version would include a footnote signaling the publication of the erratum.

Erratum or publisher correction: Correction of a significant error made by the journal that affects the scholarly record, the scientific integrity of the article, or the reputation of the authors or the journal.

Corrigendum or author correction: Correction of a significant error made by the author that affects the scholarly record, the scientific integrity of the article, or the reputation of the authors or the journal.

Editorial Responses

Responses of this type will be peer-reviewed and, where possible, sent to the referees who reviewed the original submission; to the extent possible, all parties will remain anonymous. Responses are subject to oversight by the editors of the journal and will be published after full consultation with all interested parties.

Editorial expression of concern: Notifies of the addition of information to an article, for example in response to a reader’s request for clarification or correction of a significant omission. Such addenda are published when the editors decide they are crucial to the reader’s understanding of a significant part of the published contribution.

Retraction: Notifies the readership of unsound results or misconduct, following an investigation of the issue by the editor and publisher. The original article will remain available but will be marked as retracted through a published note from the editor.

Article removal: In rare instances, this Journal may be obliged to remove an article as a consequence of legal action. Such removal will be marked on the issue table of contents, and a notice indicating removal will replace the article contents.

For further information on professional standards in publishing, see the website of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Clarification and Appeals

If something in the editor’s decision letter or the review materials is unclear or inconsistent, authors may email questions to the editorial office to request clarification from the editor before revising their manuscript.

Editors cannot discuss submissions or the review process directly with authors (by phone, video, in person, etc.).

The designated corresponding author should email all correspondence about your submission to the editorial office (not the editor).

Staff will upload your written clarification request to the peer review system where it will only be visible to the editor and the associate editor (reviewers will not see authors’ clarification requests). The editor will decide whether to consult with the associate editor, and the editor will provide a response that will be archived in the system (reviewers will not see the editor’s response).

Requiring written requests for clarification is not meant to act as a barrier. This process ensures good record-keeping, gives the editor sufficient time to reflect on answers and allows the editor to consult before responding.

This Journal does not provide or approve formal revision plans. The editor will consider your request and try to provide the best possible feedback. However, clarification from the editor does not guarantee a positive outcome and should not be mistaken as a signal of approval of a specific revision plan. If a revised manuscript is submitted, it will be evaluated by the entire review team.

Plagiarism: To republish the whole or part of the content in another author's publication without attribution.

Fabrication: To publish data and findings/results that do not exist.

Duplication: Using data from another publication; this includes republishing an article in different languages.

Salamisation: Creating multiple publications by abnormally splitting the results of a study.

Data Manipulation/Falsification: Manipulating or deliberately distorting research data to give a false impression.

We disapprove of such unethical practices and of efforts to influence the review process with such practices as gifting authorship, inappropriate acknowledgments, and references in line with the COPE flowcharts.

Submitted manuscripts are subjected to automatic software evaluation for plagiarism and duplicate publication. Authors are obliged to acknowledge if they published study results in whole or in part in the form of abstracts.

Human and Animal Rights

For the experimental, clinical, and drug human studies, approval by the ethical committee and a statement on the adherence of the study protocol to the international agreements (World Medical Association of Helsinki "Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects," amended October 2013) are required. In experimental animal studies, the authors should indicate that the procedures followed were by animal rights (Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals), and they should obtain animal ethics committee approval. The Ethics Committee approval document should be submitted to the Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine together with the manuscript.
The approval of the ethics committee; a statement on the adherence to international guidelines mentioned above; and proof that the patient's informed consent is obtained should be indicated in the “Method” section. These items are required for case reports whenever data/media could reveal the identity of the patient.For persons under 18 years of age, please provide a consent form that includes both parents' signatures or the person's legal guardian or supervisor.

Publication Policy

The Editorial Board of the Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine and the responsible Publisher adhere to the guidelines of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), Council of Science Editors (CSE), European Association of Science Editors (EASE), the US National Library of Medicine (NLM), the World Medical Association (WMA), and National Information Standards Organization (NISO). The Journal conforms to the Principles of Transparency and Best Practices in Scholarly Publishing.

As the Journal's policy, an approval of research protocols by an ethics committee following international agreements "WMA Declaration of Helsinki - Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects (last updated: October 2013, Fortaleza, Brazil)", "Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals (8th edition, 2011)" or "International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals (2012)" is required for all research studies. If the submitted manuscript does not include ethics committee approval, it will not be processed for evaluation.

For articles concerning experimental research on humans, a statement should be included that shows informed consent of patients and volunteers was obtained following a detailed explanation of the procedures that they may undergo. The Journal may request a copy of the Ethics Committee Approval from the authors.

JHSM authors are required to confirm the following items.:
• Submitted articles must be the original study of the author(s).
• Only unpublished articles should be submitted.
• Submitting an article to more than one journal at the same time is unethical.
• Any conflict of interest should be clearly stated.
• Data sources used in the article should be explained.
• Any errors detected after the article is submitted should be reported to JHSM editors immediately.

JHSM reviewers are required to confirm the following items:
• All articles should be reviewed legally based on the intellectual content of the article, regardless of the gender, race, ethnicity, religion, nationality, or political values of the author(s).
• Reviews should be objective and constructive, avoiding being hostile or provocative and making libelous or offensive comments.
• To make a comprehensive review, the authors should have the required field expertise and should only review articles that can be evaluated on time.
• Any conflict of interest detected during the review process must be reported to JHSM editors.
• All information about the article should be kept confidential.
• Information obtained during the review process should not be used for the benefit of the reviewers themselves or any other person, the organization, or to put others at a disadvantage position or to discredit them.
• Any information that may be the reason for the rejection of the publication of an article should be reported to JHSM editors.

JHSM editors are required to confirm the following items:
• All articles should be evaluated reasonably based on the intellectual content of the article, regardless of the gender, race, ethnicity, religion, nationality, or political values of the author(s).
• All information about the article should be kept confidential.
• Any observed conflict of interest with the articles should be disclosed.
• The editorial board takes on the responsibility to make the publication decisions of the submitted articles based on the peerreviews, the policies of the journal's editorial board, and legal restrictions against plagiarism, defamation, and copyright.

Ethic Responsibility

All authors should have direct academic and/or scientific contributions to the submitted manuscript. The authors should have all of the following specifications: Should plan or execute the study in the manuscript, should write or revise the manuscript, and accept the final draft.

The journal searches for conformity to the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki (http://www.wma.net/e/policy/b3.htm) in all clinical studies. The scientific and ethical liability of the manuscripts belongs to the authors and the copyright of the manuscripts belongs to the Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine. The authors are responsible for the contents of the manuscript and the accuracy of the references. All manuscripts submitted for publication must be accompanied by the Copyright Transfer Form [copyright transfer]. Once this form, signed by all the authors, has been submitted, it is understood that neither the manuscript nor the data it contains have been submitted elsewhere or previously published and the authors declare the statement of scientific contributions and responsibilities of all authors.

If the article includes any direct or indirect commercial links or if any institution provided material support to the study, authors must state in the cover letter that they have no relationship with the commercial product, drug, pharmaceutical company, etc. concerned; or specify the type of relationship (consultant, other agreements), if any. The authors must provide a statement on the absence of conflicts of interest among the authors and provide authorship contributions. In case of any suspicion or claim regarding scientific shortcomings or ethical infringement, the Journal reserves the right to submit the manuscript to the supporting institutions or other authorities for investigation. The Journal accepts the responsibility of initiating action but does not undertake any responsibility for an actual investigation or any power of decision.
Preparation of systematic reviews and meta-analyses must comply with study design guidelines: PRISMA statement of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, The PRISMA Group. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Med 2009; 6(7): e1000097.) (http://www.prisma-statement.org/).

Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest

All sources of financial support should be disclosed. All authors should disclose if a meaningful conflict of interest exists in the process of forming their study. Any financial grants or other support received for a submitted study from individuals or institutions should be disclosed to the Editorial Board of the Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine. The ICMJE Potential Conflict of Interest Disclosure Form should be filled in and submitted by all contributing authors to disclose a potential conflict of interest. The journal's Editorial Board determines cases of a potential conflict of interest between the editors, authors, or reviewers within the scope of COPE and ICMJE guidelines.

Conditions that provide financial or personal benefit bring about a conflict of interest. The reliability of the scientific process and the published articles is directly related to the objective consideration of conflicts of interest during the planning, implementation, writing, evaluation, editing, and publication of scientific studies.

Financial relations are the most easily identified conflicts of interest, and they will inevitably undermine the credibility of the journal, the authors, and the science. These conflicts can be caused by individual relations, academic competition, or intellectual approaches. The authors should refrain as much as possible from making agreements with sponsors in the opinion of gaining profit or any other advantage that restrict their ability to access all data of the study or analyze, interpret, prepare, and publish their articles. Editors should refrain from bringing together those who may have any relationship between them during the evaluation of the studies. The editors, who make the final decision about the articles, should not have any personal, professional, or financial ties with any of the issues they are going to decide. Authors should inform the editorial board concerning potential conflicts of interest to ensure that their articles will be evaluated within the framework of ethical principles through an independent assessment process.

If one of the editors is an author in any manuscript, the editor is excluded from the manuscript evaluation process. To prevent any conflict of interest, the article evaluation process is carried out double-blinded. Because of the double-blinded evaluation process, except for the Editor-in-Chief, none of the editorial board members, international advisory board members, or reviewers is informed about the authors of the manuscript or institutions of the authors.

Our publication team works devotedly to ensure that the evaluation process is conducted impartially, considering all these situations.

Conflict of Interest

The declaration of the conflict of interest between authors, institutions, and acknowledgment of any financial or material support, or aid is mandatory for authors submitting a manuscript, and the statement should appear at the end of the manuscript. Reviewers are required to report if any potential conflict of interest exists between the reviewer and authors, or institutions.

Appeals and complaints

Appeal and complaint cases are handled within the scope of COPE guidelines by the Editorial Board of the journal. Appeals should be based on the scientific content of the manuscript. The final decision on the appeal and complaint is made by Editor in Chief. An Ombudsperson or the Ethical Editor is assigned to resolve cases that cannot be resolved internally. Authors should get in contact with the Editor in Chief regarding their appeals and complaints via e-mail at jhsm@medihealthacademy.com

Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal, which is published 6 issues (January, March, May, July, September, November) per year periodically and is indexed in international indexes. The journal's expenses have been covered by its own resources and donations so far. Due to the increasing publication costs with the increase in the number of articles, the article processing fee will be requested from the authors regardless of rejection or acceptancewho submit articles in order to evaluate the articles as soon as possible, and to provide better consultancy and editing services, this article submission fee, which is not subject to the condition of acceptance or rejection, is requested after the compliance of the article to the journal scope is checked.

Manuscript submission/evaluation fee: Article submission payment for original articles are 240 USD (US Dollars) or 6000 TL (Turkish Liras), and also review and case report articles submission payment 120 USD (US Dollars) or 3000 TL (Turkish Liras).

Fast-track process: All following processes; evaluation for editorial pre-review, prerequisites check, blind review at least by two reviewers, editorial decision will be concluded within 30 working days (working days: monday to friday) (If there is a third referee evaluation process, the process may take longer).

Fast-track process for original articles are 10000 TL (Turkish Liras) or 400 USD (US Dollars), and also review and case report articles submission payment 5000 TL (Turkish Liras) or 200 USD (US Dollars).

No fee will be taken for short communication, invited review, technical report, and letter to the editor articles

Being a fast-track does not increase the chance of article acceptance. If the article is rejected as a result of the referee evaluation, the fee is not refunded.

Where are the revenues used: Invoices are issued for the fees deposited in our journal and taxes are given. These revenues are used to improve the journals. Professional secretariat, typesetting, design, layout, English language support services are provided. In addition, revenues are used to apply for indexes.

Contact to: mha@medihealthacademy.com

Eligibility of Submission - Submission Fee or Rejection(Please pay after reading the text below)
After your article submission process is over;
It will be evaluated whether your article complies with the journal's writing rules and whether it is at minimum proficiency in terms of content.
• If the article is appropriate; you will be notified by e-mail that your position is available and you will be directed to pay the article submission fee,
• If the article is not appropriate; Rejection letter will be sent by e-mail without requesting submission fee.

Author Information About the Predatory (Looting/Shabby) Journal
A. https://www.uak.gov.tr/Documents/docentlik/2023/2023-mart-donemi/2023M_SikcaSorulanSorularveCevaplari_24022023.pdf
45. Question: Which journals cannot be used in the Associate Professorship Application Requirements (Declaration)?
Answer: The decision numbered 2021.18.643 about Predatory (Looting/Shabby) journals taken at the session of the General Assembly of Higher Education dated December 30, 2021 and numbered 2021.18 is as follows.
* Journals that are not considered Predatory (Looting/Shabby):
o Journals classified as Q1, Q2, Q3 in WEB of Science (with or without charge for editorial and/or printing processes),
o Journals in the Q4 class on WEB of Science that do not charge for editorial processing charge and/or article processing charge,
o National/international journals that are included in the Q4 class on the WEB of Science and charge a fee for editorial and/or printing processes, but are the publication organ of a branch association, university, institute or scientific institution, where only members of the relevant science field can become members, and have been published/published since before 2010 and work as subscribers,
* Predatory (Looting/Shabby) journals: Q4 journals that do not meet the above criteria
According to the decision of the General Assembly of Higher Education dated December 30, 2021, above, articles published in Predatory (Looting/Shabby) journals, the characteristics of which are specified, are added to the list of resumes and works regardless of the date of publication, but cannot be used in the declaration.

C. http://portal.dpu.edu.tr/orhan.elmaci/makale_oku/165/yagmaci-dergi-beall-predatory-listesi-ve-tubitak-turkiye-adresli-uluslararasi-bilimsel-yayinlari-tesvik-ubyt-programi-dergi-listesi

D. https://beallslist.net/